In operando-formed interface between silver and perovskite oxide for efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide

Electrochemical carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction(ECR)is a promising technology to produce valuable fuels and feedstocks from CO_(2).Despite large efforts to develop ECR catalysts,the investigation of the catalytic performance and electrochemical behavior of complex metal oxides,especially perovskite oxides,is rarely reported.Here,the inorganic perovskite oxide Ag-doped(La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))_(0.95)Ag_(0.05)MnO_(3-δ)(LSA0.05M)is reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for ECR to CO for the first time,which exhibits a Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 84.3%,a remarkable mass activity of 75Ag^(-1)(normalized to the mass of Ag),and stability of 130 h at a moderate overpotential of 0.79 V.The LSA0.05M catalyst experiences structure reconstruction during ECR,creating the in operando-formed interface between the perovskite and the evolved Ag phase.The evolved Ag is uniformly distributed with a small particle size on the perovskite surface.Theoretical calculations indicate the reconstruction of LSA0.05M during ECR and reveal that the perovskite-Ag interface provides adsorption sites for CO_(2) and accelerates the desorption of the*CO intermediate to enhance ECR.This study presents a novel high-performance perovskite catalyst for ECR andmay inspire the future design of electrocatalysts via the in operando formation of metal-metal oxide interfaces.

Failure analysis of 3D woven composites under tension based on realistic model

The failure behavior of the three-dimensional(3D)woven composites under tension are evaluated via experimentation and simulation.To accurately depict the intricate geometry of the woven composites,including the fluctuation of yarn paths,variations in cross-section,and resin distribution,the image-aided digital elements modeling approach is employed.Subsequently,to further assess both the tensile performance and damage response,a realistic voxel model is established with the integration of a well-suited progressive damage model.The obtained stress-strain curves align with the experimental results,and damage progression and underlying mechanisms involved are clearly revealed.Specifically,when subjected to warp tension,severe transverse damage and fiber bundle pull-out towards the warp yarns are observed within the curved section.Similarly,under weft loading,longitudinal damage is found to occur in the weft yarns,while the warp yarns suffer from transverse damage,leading to the formation of a smooth and brittle crack.Ultimately,the findings of this study hold potential to advance the engineering applications of the3D woven composites.

Establishment of a dmp based maternal haploid induction system for polyploid Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum

Doubled haploid(DH) technology is used to obtain homozygous lines in a single generation, a technique that significantly accelerates the crop breeding trajectory. Traditionally, in vitro culture is used to generate DHs, but this technique is limited by species and genotype recalcitrance. In vivo haploid induction(HI) through seed is widely and efficiently used in maize and was recently extended to several other crops. Here we show that in vivo HI can be triggered by mutation of DMP maternal haploid inducer genes in allopolyploid(allotetraploid) Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. We developed a pipeline for selection of DMP orthologs for clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats mutagenesis and demonstrated average amphihaploid induction rates of2.4% and 1.2% in multiple B. napus and N. tabacum genotypes, respectively. These results further confirmed the HI ability of DMP gene in polyploid dicot crops. The DMP-HI system offers a novel DH technology to facilitate breeding in these crops. The success of this approach and the conservation of DMP genes in dicots suggest the broad applicability of this technique in other dicot crops.

Perovskite Cathode Materials for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells:Fundamentals to Optimization

Acceleration of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode is paramount in the development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.At low operating temperatures between 450 and 600℃,the interactions between the surface and the bulk of the cathode materials greatly impact the electrode kinetics and consequently determine the overall efficacy and long-term stability of the fuel cells.This review will provide an overview of the recent progress in the understanding of surface-bulk interactions in perovskite oxides as well as their impact on cathode reactivity and stability.This review will also summarize current strategies in the development of cathode materials through bulk doping and surface functionalization.In addition,this review will highlight the roles of surface segregation in the mediation of surface and bulk interactions,which have profound impacts on the properties of cathode surfaces and the bulk and therefore overall cathode performance.Although trade-offs between reactivity and stability commonly exist in terms of catalyst design,opportunities also exist in attaining optimal cathode performance through the modulation of both cathode surfaces and bulk using combined strategies.This review will conclude with future research directions involving investigations into the role of oxygen vacancy and mobility in catalysis,the rational modulation of surface-bulk interactions and the use of advanced fabrication techniques,all of which can lead to optimized cathode performance.