YWHAH activates the HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect the proliferation of gastric cancer cells

Fos-related antigen 1(Fra-1)is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates cell growth,differentiation,and apoptosis.It is involved in the proliferation,invasion,apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation of malignant tumor cells.Fra-1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer(GC),affects the cycle distribution and apoptosis of GC cells,and participates in GC occurrence and development.However,the detailed mechanism of Fra-1 in GC is unclear,such as the identification of Fra-1-interacting proteins and their role in GC pathogenesis.In this study,we identified tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta(YWHAH)as a Fra-1-interacting protein in GC cells using co-immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Experiments showed that YWHAH positively regulated Fra-1 mRNA and protein expression,and affected GC cell proliferation.Whole proteome analysis showed that Fra-1 affected the activity of the high mobility group AT-hook 1(HMGA1)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in GC cells.Western blotting and flow cytometry confirmed that YWHAH activated HMGA1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by positively regulating Fra-1 to affect GC cell proliferation.These results will help to discover new molecular targets for the early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis prediction of GC.

Review of dielectric drying of foods and agricultural products

Dielectric drying methods with microwave(MW)and radio frequency(RF)energy as emerging drying technologies have drawn much attention from both research community and industry over the past decades.When properly applied,MW and RF drying can be energy efficient and of great potential to be used for a wide range of materials.However there are few reviews that cover both MW and RF drying technologies.Such a review is timely considering the ever increasing interest of the food industry in adapting energy efficient new drying technologies.This paper attends to provide a comprehensive review on uses of MW and RF energy in drying of foods and agricultural products.It provides a brief discussion on the fundamental theory of MW and RF heating and gives a general overview of the works of the most active research groups on modeling of drying kinetic,energy control strategy and the influence of MW and RF drying conditions on quality and structural changes of the final products.Finally,it proposes possible solutions to main challenges facing the industrial adaptation of the technologies and makes suggestions on further research directions to improve the dielectric drying.