Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Secondary ITP can be a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and r...Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Secondary ITP can be a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and represent a lymphoproliferative disorder. A boy with chronic graft-versus-host disease after cord blood stem cell transplantation who had severe refractory immune-mediated thrombocytopenia received infusion of rituximab weekly, 375 mg/m2, for 4 weeks. Platelets count of the patient was recovered, and rituximab was well tolerated with no severe toxicity observed during treatment.展开更多
Lignin fractionation and depolymerization generates heterogeneous streams of aromatic compounds and conversion of aromatic compounds into valuable products,but it is not efficient.Many microbes in nature have evolved ...Lignin fractionation and depolymerization generates heterogeneous streams of aromatic compounds and conversion of aromatic compounds into valuable products,but it is not efficient.Many microbes in nature have evolved metabolic path-ways to convert complex lignin polymers into aromatic compounds and transform these aromatic compounds into central intermediates for bioproduct synthesis.The objective of this paper is to review the recent process development of lignin bioconversion into aromatic compounds and bioproducts.Lignin structural and molecular changes during fractionation and depolymerization are presented.Subsequent lignin conversion into aromatic compounds by upper pathways and further converted into central metabolites and bioproducts via lower pathways are emphasized.In particular,enzymes and mediator systems to enhance lignin conversion and key intermediates in lignin catabolic pathways are discussed.Strategies to enhance bioproduct formation through lignin valorization are summarized.展开更多
The concept of using stimuli-responsive hydrogels to actuate fluids in microfluidic devices is particularly attractive,but limitations,in terms of spatial resolution,speed,reliability and integration,have hindered its...The concept of using stimuli-responsive hydrogels to actuate fluids in microfluidic devices is particularly attractive,but limitations,in terms of spatial resolution,speed,reliability and integration,have hindered its development during the past two decades.By patterning and grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)PNIPAM hydrogel films on plane substrates with a 2μm horizontal resolution and closing the system afterward,we have succeeded in unblocking bottlenecks that thermo-sensitive hydrogel technology has been challenged with until now.In this paper,we demonstrate,for the first time with this technology,devices with up to 7800 actuated micro-cages that sequester and release solutes,along with valves actuated individually with closing and opening switching times of 0.6±0.1 and 0.25±0.15 s,respectively.Two applications of this technology are illustrated in the domain of single cell handling and the nuclear acid amplification test(NAAT)for the Human Synaptojanin 1 gene,which is suspected to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.The performance of the temperature-responsive hydrogels we demonstrate here suggests that in association with their moderate costs,hydrogels may represent an alternative to the actuation or handling techniques currently used in microfluidics,that are,pressure actuated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)valves and droplets.展开更多
文摘Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Secondary ITP can be a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and represent a lymphoproliferative disorder. A boy with chronic graft-versus-host disease after cord blood stem cell transplantation who had severe refractory immune-mediated thrombocytopenia received infusion of rituximab weekly, 375 mg/m2, for 4 weeks. Platelets count of the patient was recovered, and rituximab was well tolerated with no severe toxicity observed during treatment.
文摘Lignin fractionation and depolymerization generates heterogeneous streams of aromatic compounds and conversion of aromatic compounds into valuable products,but it is not efficient.Many microbes in nature have evolved metabolic path-ways to convert complex lignin polymers into aromatic compounds and transform these aromatic compounds into central intermediates for bioproduct synthesis.The objective of this paper is to review the recent process development of lignin bioconversion into aromatic compounds and bioproducts.Lignin structural and molecular changes during fractionation and depolymerization are presented.Subsequent lignin conversion into aromatic compounds by upper pathways and further converted into central metabolites and bioproducts via lower pathways are emphasized.In particular,enzymes and mediator systems to enhance lignin conversion and key intermediates in lignin catabolic pathways are discussed.Strategies to enhance bioproduct formation through lignin valorization are summarized.
基金We gratefully thank the Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes(IPGG)the French National Research Agency(ANR),EQUIPEX and LABEX IPGG(Grant Nos.ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02,ANR-10-LABX-31,PSL*)+1 种基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC),ESPCI,CNRS,PSLthe Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand(MOST)for their financial support.
文摘The concept of using stimuli-responsive hydrogels to actuate fluids in microfluidic devices is particularly attractive,but limitations,in terms of spatial resolution,speed,reliability and integration,have hindered its development during the past two decades.By patterning and grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)PNIPAM hydrogel films on plane substrates with a 2μm horizontal resolution and closing the system afterward,we have succeeded in unblocking bottlenecks that thermo-sensitive hydrogel technology has been challenged with until now.In this paper,we demonstrate,for the first time with this technology,devices with up to 7800 actuated micro-cages that sequester and release solutes,along with valves actuated individually with closing and opening switching times of 0.6±0.1 and 0.25±0.15 s,respectively.Two applications of this technology are illustrated in the domain of single cell handling and the nuclear acid amplification test(NAAT)for the Human Synaptojanin 1 gene,which is suspected to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.The performance of the temperature-responsive hydrogels we demonstrate here suggests that in association with their moderate costs,hydrogels may represent an alternative to the actuation or handling techniques currently used in microfluidics,that are,pressure actuated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)valves and droplets.
