The standard procedure for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis is to perform a patch test. Because this has several disadvantages, the development of a new in vitro test system would be of immense value. Gene trans...The standard procedure for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis is to perform a patch test. Because this has several disadvantages, the development of a new in vitro test system would be of immense value. Gene transcripts that distinguish allergies from non-allergies may have the potential to serve as the molecular basis for such a diagnostic tool. In this study, we use the microarray technology in the identification of differentially expressed genes in allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 3 chromium-allergic patients versus 3 healthy controls. Using an Affymetrix GeneChip., the gene expression was analysed in PBMC cultures grown with 100 μg/ml CrCl3 or in media alone for 24 hr. A total of 26 genes were differentially expressed by more than twofold (P < 0.01) in allergen-activated PBMCs from patients compared with controls. 18 of these were upregulated, whereas 8 were downregulated. The expression of 1 downregulated gene, CASP8, was also found specifically and significantly reduced in an expanded population including 4 additional chromium allergic patients and 1 additional control subject by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The expression of 2 upregulated genes, ETS2 and CISH, correlated with a high-proliferative response following CrCl3 exposure. Additionally, real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the same gene expression changes are valid for nickel allergies, potentially making the expression profile more widely available. The 26 differentially expressed genes identified in this study may potentially function as diagnostic markers for contact sensitivity.展开更多
Background:Contact allergy to hair dye ingredients is a wellknown entity seen both in consumers using hair dyes and among hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis. Surveys show that consumers with even severe...Background:Contact allergy to hair dye ingredients is a wellknown entity seen both in consumers using hair dyes and among hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis. Surveys show that consumers with even severe adverse skin reactions to hair dyes only rarely contact the healthcare services. The frequency of hair dye-induced skin reactions in the consumer population is unknown. Objectives:An epidemiological investigation with the aim of establishing the proportion of hair dye-induced skin reactions was performed in a population-based sample. Methods:A representative random sample (n=4000) was taken of the Danish adult population. Personal interview questions were asked regarding adverse skin reactions to hairdyes,either compatible with a classical all ergic eczematous reaction with redness, scaling and itching or a severe allergic reaction with oedema of the forehead and face. The response rate was 65.2%. Results:A total of 184%of the male respondents and 74.9%of the female respondents had at some point dyed their hair. The median age at first hair dyeing was 16 years (range 1-80). Adverse skin reactions to hair dyes compatible with an allergic reaction were reported in 5.3%of individuals who had ever used hair dye. Of these, only 15.6%had been in contact with healthcare services after the hair dye reaction. Having had a temporary tattoo was not a significant risk factor for an adverse reaction to hair dyes. Conclusions:The rate of adverse allergic skin reactions to hair dyes was higher than expected from patch-test studies. Only by studying the clinical types of adverse reactions to hair dyes will it be possible to gather a complete epidemiological picture of the nature and extent of the problems related to hair dye ingredients.展开更多
文摘The standard procedure for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis is to perform a patch test. Because this has several disadvantages, the development of a new in vitro test system would be of immense value. Gene transcripts that distinguish allergies from non-allergies may have the potential to serve as the molecular basis for such a diagnostic tool. In this study, we use the microarray technology in the identification of differentially expressed genes in allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 3 chromium-allergic patients versus 3 healthy controls. Using an Affymetrix GeneChip., the gene expression was analysed in PBMC cultures grown with 100 μg/ml CrCl3 or in media alone for 24 hr. A total of 26 genes were differentially expressed by more than twofold (P < 0.01) in allergen-activated PBMCs from patients compared with controls. 18 of these were upregulated, whereas 8 were downregulated. The expression of 1 downregulated gene, CASP8, was also found specifically and significantly reduced in an expanded population including 4 additional chromium allergic patients and 1 additional control subject by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The expression of 2 upregulated genes, ETS2 and CISH, correlated with a high-proliferative response following CrCl3 exposure. Additionally, real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the same gene expression changes are valid for nickel allergies, potentially making the expression profile more widely available. The 26 differentially expressed genes identified in this study may potentially function as diagnostic markers for contact sensitivity.
文摘Background:Contact allergy to hair dye ingredients is a wellknown entity seen both in consumers using hair dyes and among hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis. Surveys show that consumers with even severe adverse skin reactions to hair dyes only rarely contact the healthcare services. The frequency of hair dye-induced skin reactions in the consumer population is unknown. Objectives:An epidemiological investigation with the aim of establishing the proportion of hair dye-induced skin reactions was performed in a population-based sample. Methods:A representative random sample (n=4000) was taken of the Danish adult population. Personal interview questions were asked regarding adverse skin reactions to hairdyes,either compatible with a classical all ergic eczematous reaction with redness, scaling and itching or a severe allergic reaction with oedema of the forehead and face. The response rate was 65.2%. Results:A total of 184%of the male respondents and 74.9%of the female respondents had at some point dyed their hair. The median age at first hair dyeing was 16 years (range 1-80). Adverse skin reactions to hair dyes compatible with an allergic reaction were reported in 5.3%of individuals who had ever used hair dye. Of these, only 15.6%had been in contact with healthcare services after the hair dye reaction. Having had a temporary tattoo was not a significant risk factor for an adverse reaction to hair dyes. Conclusions:The rate of adverse allergic skin reactions to hair dyes was higher than expected from patch-test studies. Only by studying the clinical types of adverse reactions to hair dyes will it be possible to gather a complete epidemiological picture of the nature and extent of the problems related to hair dye ingredients.
