苗期甘蓝型油菜对不同湿害环境的响应

研究旨在筛选耐湿性较强的甘蓝型油菜品种,为四川及其他稻-油轮作模式地区推广优质、耐湿油菜品种提供依据。试验以川、渝、云主推的甘蓝型油菜品种‘川油36’、‘川油46’、‘川油83’、‘川早油1号’、‘渝油35’和‘春喜1402’为试验材料,通过室内淹水培养3、5、7 d分别模拟不同湿害程度下的田间环境,研究苗期各油菜品种对不同湿害环境的响应。结果表明,综合湿害指数与发芽率和苗鲜重呈显著正相关,与主根长和株高相关性不显著;甘蓝型油菜苗期耐湿性表现为‘川油83’>‘渝油35’>‘春喜1402’>‘川油36’>‘川早油1号’>‘川油46’。综上,甘蓝型油菜苗期的耐湿性可通过发芽率和苗鲜重判定;甘蓝型油菜苗期综合湿害指数可直接用于评价其抵御湿害胁迫的能力;本试验筛选出苗期耐湿性较强的甘蓝型油菜品种为‘川油83’。

XAFS and SRGI-XRD studies of the local structure of tellurium corrosion of Ni–18%Cr alloy

The speciation and atomic structures of corrosion products in Ni-based alloys could provide basic information for understanding the Te corrosion mechanism.In this paper,two-dimensional synchrotron-radiation-induced grazing incidence X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the corrosion products of a Ni–18%Cr binary alloy at temperatures from 600 to 1000℃.The results showed that a film of CrTe is preferentially formed when Te reacts with the Ni-based alloy at low temperatures(below 900℃),while CrTe and Ni3Te2 are formed at 900℃.Moreover,at a temperature of 1000℃,a solid solution is formed without any changes in the Ni–Cr substrate lattice parameters.Furthermore,X-ray absorption fine structure and wavelet transform analyses were used to investigate the atomic local structure of Te.The investigation indicated that Te atoms diffuse into the Ni–Cr substrate to form a substitutional Ni–Cr–Te solid solution at 1000℃.Notably,based on a discussion of the thermodynamics of the chemical reaction process,CrTe is considered to be the most stable and prevalent corrosion product due to its comparatively lower Gibbs free energy of formation.These results demonstrate that the Ni–18%Cr alloy is capable of resisting the diffusion of Te atoms.

Pt-Co single atom alloy catalysts: Accelerated water dissociation and hydrogen evolution by strain regulation

The alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) on Pt-based catalysts is largely limited by the slow water dissociation kinetics. Pt-based single atom alloy catalysts(SAAC) with water dissociation sites have been demonstrated as excellent alkaline HER catalysts. However, the regulation of their activity and stability at the atomic scale is still a great challenge. Herein, the kinetic and stability issues are successfully resolved via engineering the electronic structure of Pt-Co SAAC by Au-induced tensile strain. The atomic dispersion of Co into the Pt shell was confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and the electronic structure and catalytic HER performance was modulated by the tensile strain induced by the Pt shell thickness. An inverse volcano-type relation between HER activity and surface strain was found.Density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that the Au-induced tensile strain on Pt-Co shell can not only boost the adsorption and dissociation kinetics of water at Co site by upshifting the dband and promoting the electron transfer, but also downshift the d-band center of Pt in Pt-Co shell, leading to optimized H* adsorption/desorption. The champion catalyst provides an overpotential of only 14 m V at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2). This work not only provides an effective strategy for the construction of single-atom alloy electrocatalysts for high performance toward alkaline HER but also sheds light on the understanding of the reaction mechanism at the atomic level.

Variability in the climate-radial growth correlation of Pinus massoniana of different diameter classes

The physiological characteristics of trees change with age,suggesting that growth-related climate signals vary over time.This study aimed to clarify the impacts of different diameter classes on the chronological characteristics of Pinus massoniana Lamb.and its response to climatic factors.Chronologies of P inus massoniana were established in small diameter(14.1 cm),middle diameter(27.3 cm),and large diameter(34.6 cm)trees according to dendrochronology.The results show that:(1)radial growth of different diameter classes had varied characteristics and climate sensitivities;(2)radial growth of small diameter trees was affected by climatic factors of the previous and the current year,while large diameter trees were mainly affected by climatic factors of the current year;and(3)precipitation and temperature were key factors that restricted the radial growth of small and large diameter trees,respectively.

Identification of Factors Influencing Out-of-county Hospitalizations in the New Cooperative Medical Scheme

Summary:Throughout the duration of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS),it was found that an increasing number of rural patients were seeking out-of^county medical treatment,which posed a great burden on the NCMS fund.Our study was conducted to examine the prevalence of out-of^county hospitalizations and its related factors,and to provide a scientific basis for follow?up health insurance policies.A total of 215 counties in central and western China from 2008 to 2016 were selected.The total out-of-county hospitalization rate in nine years was 16.95%,which increased from 12.37%in 2008 to 19.21%in 2016 with an average annual growth rate of 5.66%.Its related expenses and compensations were shown to increase each year,with those in the central region being higher than those in the western region.Stepwise logistic regression reveals that the increase in out-of-county hospitalization rate was associated with region(XI),rural population(X2),per capita per year net income(X3),per capita gross domestic product(GDP)(X4),per capita funding amount of NCMS(X5),compensation ratio of out-of^county hospitalization cost(X6),per time average in-county(X7)and out-of-county hospitalization cost(X8).According to Bayesian network(BN),the marginal probability of high out-of^county hospitalization rate was as high as 81.7%.Out-of^county hospitalizations were directly related to X8,X3,X4 and X6.The probability of high out-of-county hospitalization obtained based on hospitalization expenses factors,economy factors,regional characteristics and NCMS policy factors was 95.7%,91.1%,93.0% and 88.8%,respectively.And how these factors affect out-of-county hospitalization and their interrelationships were found out.Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the influence mechanism of these factors on out-of-county hospitalizations,and the increase of hospitalizations outside the county should be reasonably supervised and controlled and our results will be used to help guide the formulation of proper intervention policies.

A comparative study of distant hybridization in plants and animals

Distant hybridization refers to crosses between two different species, genera, or higher-ranking taxa, which can break species limits, increase genetic variation, and combine the biological characteristics of existing species. It is an important way of creating genetic variation, fertile strains, and excellent characteristics in new strains and populations. Combining analyses and summaries from many inter-related documents in plants and animals, both domestic and international, including examples and long-standing research on distant hybridization in fish from our laboratory, we summarize and compare the similarities and differences in plant and animal distant hybridization. In addition, we analyze and review the biological characteristics of their different ploidy progenies and the possible causes of disparity in survival rates. Mechanisms of sterility in animal and plant distant hybrids are also discussed, and research methods for the study of biological characteristics of hybrids, including morphology, cytology,and molecular cytogenetics are presented. This paper aims to provide comprehensive research materials and to systematically compare the general and specific characteristics of plant and animal hybrids with regards to reproduction, genetics, growth traits,and other biological characteristics. It is hoped that this paper will have great theoretical and practical significance for the study of genetic breeding and biological evolution of plant and animal distant hybridization.