Matrix metallopeptidase 3 is a zinc-containing proteinase that participates in tissue remodeling and immune responses. In this study, a cDNA encoding matrix metallopeptidase 3 was isolated and characterized from the A...Matrix metallopeptidase 3 is a zinc-containing proteinase that participates in tissue remodeling and immune responses. In this study, a cDNA encoding matrix metallopeptidase 3 was isolated and characterized from the Asian yellow pond turtle Mauremys mutica(designated as MaMMP3). The MaMMP3 cDNA is 1805 bp and consists of a 5'-untranslated region(UTR) of 56 bp, a 3'-UTR of 243 bp, and an open reading frame(ORF) of 1506 bp encoding 481 amino acids. Homology analysis of MaMMP3 revealed that the MaMMP3 shared 25%–63% similarity to other known MMP3 sequences. The genomic sequence covers 6007 bp. Comparative analysis of the cDNA sequence revealed that the Asian yellow pond turtle MMP3 has eight exons and seven introns. The phylogenetic tree showed that the MaMMP3 is closely related to Gallus gallus MMP3 and Taeniopygia guttata MMP3. The mRNA expression of the MaMMP3 in normal group without any bacterial challenge could be detected in all studied tissues including kidney, heart, live and spleen, with the highest level in the spleen. The results of immune challenge showed that the expression level of MaMMP3 was up-regulated in the spleen and liver. These results provided an important information for studying the roles of Asian yellow pond turtle MMP3 in immunity further.展开更多
Tunnel portal sections often suffer serious damage in strong earthquake events.Earthquake waves may propagate in different directions,producing various dynamic responses in the tunnel portal.Based on the Galongla tunn...Tunnel portal sections often suffer serious damage in strong earthquake events.Earthquake waves may propagate in different directions,producing various dynamic responses in the tunnel portal.Based on the Galongla tunnel,which is located in a seismic region of China,three-dimensional seismic analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamic response of a tunnel portal subjected to earthquake waves with different vibration directions.In order to simulate the mechanic behavior of slope rock effectively,an elastoplastic damage model is adopted and applied to ABAQUS software by a self-compiled user material(UMAT)subroutine.Moreover,the seismic wave input method for tunnel portal is established to realize the seismic input under vertically incident earthquake waves with different vibration directions,e.g.,S waves with a vibration direction perpendicular or parallel to the tunnel axis and P waves with a vibration direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis.The numerical results indicate that the seismic response and damage mechanisms of the tunnel portal section are related to the vibration direction of the earthquake waves.For vertically incident S waves running perpendicular to the tunnel axis,the hoop tensile strain at the spandrel and arch foot and the hoop shear strain at the vault and arch bottom are the main contributors to the plastic damage of the tunnel.The strain is initially concentrated around the tunnel foot and spandrel,before shifting to the tunnel vault and bottom farther away from the tunnel entrance.For vertically incident S waves running parallel to the tunnel axis,very large hoop shear strain and plastic damage appear at the tunnel haunches.This strain first increases and then decreases with distance from the tunnel entrance.For vertically incident P waves running perpendicular to the tunnel axis,the maximum damage factor of the slope rock and the maximum plastic strain of the tunnel are significantly lower than for S waves.Moreover,with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance,the plastic damage to the tunnel lining rapidly decreases.展开更多
Chemicals possessing reactive electrophiles can denature innate proteins leading to undesired toxicity,and the overdose-induced liver injury by drugs containing electrophiles has been one of the major causes of non-ap...Chemicals possessing reactive electrophiles can denature innate proteins leading to undesired toxicity,and the overdose-induced liver injury by drugs containing electrophiles has been one of the major causes of non-approval and withdraw by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA).Elucidating the associated proteins could guide the future development of therapeutics to circumvent these drugs’toxicities,but was largely limited by the current probing tools due to the steric hindrance of chemical tags including the common“click chemistry”labels.Taking the widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophen(APAP)as an example,we hereby designed and synthesized an APAP analogue using fluorine as a steric-free label.Cell toxicity studies indicated our analogue has similar activity to the parent drug.This analogue was applied to the mouse hepatocellular proteome together with the corresponding desthiobiotinSH probe for subsequent fluorine-thiol displacement reactions(FTDRs).This set of probes has enabled the labeling and pull-down of hepatocellular target proteins of the APAP metabolite as validated by Western blotting.Our preliminary validation results supported the interaction of APAP with the thioredoxin protein,which is an important redox protein for normal liver function.These results demonstrated that our probes confer minimal steric perturbation and mimic the compounds of interest,allowing for global profiling of interacting proteins.The fluorine-thiol displacement probing system could emerge as a powerful tool to enable the investigation of drug-protein interactions in complex biological environments.展开更多
The failure mechanism of tunnels crossing faults is a critical issue for tunnels located in seismically active regions. This study aims to investigate the nonlinear response of rock tunnels crossing inactive faults un...The failure mechanism of tunnels crossing faults is a critical issue for tunnels located in seismically active regions. This study aims to investigate the nonlinear response of rock tunnels crossing inactive faults under obliquely incident seismic P waves. Based on the equivalent nodal force method together with the viscous-spring boundary, an incident method for the site, which contains fault and is subjected to obliquely incident seismic P waves, is developed first. Then, based on the proposed incident method, the nonlinear response and the failure process of the tunnel crossing inactive fault are numerically studied. The numerical results show that the failure mechanism of the tunnel crossing inactive fault can be attributed to the combined action of the seismic waves and its associated fault slippage. Finally, parameter studies are conducted to investigate the effects of the wave impedance ratio of the fault to the surrounding rock and the incident angle of P waves. By the parameter analysis, it can be concluded that:(1) with decreasing the wave impedance ratio of the fault to the surrounding rock, the seismic response of the tunnel increases significantly;(2) the seismic response of the tunnel increases first and then decreases with the increasing of the incident angle of P waves. This study offers the insight for further research on the seismic stability of tunnels crossing inactive faults.展开更多
The analytical method is adopted to investigate the earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on a circular cylinder surrounded by a two-layer fluid.Based on the radiation theory,the analytical expressions of the hydro...The analytical method is adopted to investigate the earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on a circular cylinder surrounded by a two-layer fluid.Based on the radiation theory,the analytical expressions of the hydrodynamic pressure and the hydrodynamic force on a rigid circular cylinder are obtained.Then,the dispersion relation for the radiation problem in a two-layer fluid,and the added mass and the damping coefficients on the circular cylinder are analyzed.The earthquake-induced hydrodynamic forces on the circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid are furtherly investigated.It is founded that the hydrodynamic pressures on the circular cylinder include not only the surface-wave and perturbing wave modes,but also the internal-wave mode.This is quite different from the case in a single-layer fluid.However,the results indicate that the internal-wave mode has little influence on the hydrodynamic forces on the circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid.Lastly,the seismic responses of the flexible cylinder in single-layer and two-layer fluids are studied.Some examples show that the seismic responses of the cylinder in a two-layer fluid are much larger than those in a single-layer fluid.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology funds (No. 2011GB23260021)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2004CB117401)+1 种基金Science and Technology New Star from Guangzhou City (No. 2012089)Fundamental Research Funds from CAFS (No. 2012A0403)
文摘Matrix metallopeptidase 3 is a zinc-containing proteinase that participates in tissue remodeling and immune responses. In this study, a cDNA encoding matrix metallopeptidase 3 was isolated and characterized from the Asian yellow pond turtle Mauremys mutica(designated as MaMMP3). The MaMMP3 cDNA is 1805 bp and consists of a 5'-untranslated region(UTR) of 56 bp, a 3'-UTR of 243 bp, and an open reading frame(ORF) of 1506 bp encoding 481 amino acids. Homology analysis of MaMMP3 revealed that the MaMMP3 shared 25%–63% similarity to other known MMP3 sequences. The genomic sequence covers 6007 bp. Comparative analysis of the cDNA sequence revealed that the Asian yellow pond turtle MMP3 has eight exons and seven introns. The phylogenetic tree showed that the MaMMP3 is closely related to Gallus gallus MMP3 and Taeniopygia guttata MMP3. The mRNA expression of the MaMMP3 in normal group without any bacterial challenge could be detected in all studied tissues including kidney, heart, live and spleen, with the highest level in the spleen. The results of immune challenge showed that the expression level of MaMMP3 was up-regulated in the spleen and liver. These results provided an important information for studying the roles of Asian yellow pond turtle MMP3 in immunity further.
基金support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program(JQ19029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672289+1 种基金U183920151421005).
文摘Tunnel portal sections often suffer serious damage in strong earthquake events.Earthquake waves may propagate in different directions,producing various dynamic responses in the tunnel portal.Based on the Galongla tunnel,which is located in a seismic region of China,three-dimensional seismic analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamic response of a tunnel portal subjected to earthquake waves with different vibration directions.In order to simulate the mechanic behavior of slope rock effectively,an elastoplastic damage model is adopted and applied to ABAQUS software by a self-compiled user material(UMAT)subroutine.Moreover,the seismic wave input method for tunnel portal is established to realize the seismic input under vertically incident earthquake waves with different vibration directions,e.g.,S waves with a vibration direction perpendicular or parallel to the tunnel axis and P waves with a vibration direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis.The numerical results indicate that the seismic response and damage mechanisms of the tunnel portal section are related to the vibration direction of the earthquake waves.For vertically incident S waves running perpendicular to the tunnel axis,the hoop tensile strain at the spandrel and arch foot and the hoop shear strain at the vault and arch bottom are the main contributors to the plastic damage of the tunnel.The strain is initially concentrated around the tunnel foot and spandrel,before shifting to the tunnel vault and bottom farther away from the tunnel entrance.For vertically incident S waves running parallel to the tunnel axis,very large hoop shear strain and plastic damage appear at the tunnel haunches.This strain first increases and then decreases with distance from the tunnel entrance.For vertically incident P waves running perpendicular to the tunnel axis,the maximum damage factor of the slope rock and the maximum plastic strain of the tunnel are significantly lower than for S waves.Moreover,with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance,the plastic damage to the tunnel lining rapidly decreases.
基金supported by NIH grant 5R35GM133468-03Temple University Startup Funding,and Temple University the Center for Substance Abuse Research(CSAR)under the Pilot P30 grant by National Institute on Drug AbuseSupport for the NMR facility at Temple University by a CURE grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health。
文摘Chemicals possessing reactive electrophiles can denature innate proteins leading to undesired toxicity,and the overdose-induced liver injury by drugs containing electrophiles has been one of the major causes of non-approval and withdraw by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA).Elucidating the associated proteins could guide the future development of therapeutics to circumvent these drugs’toxicities,but was largely limited by the current probing tools due to the steric hindrance of chemical tags including the common“click chemistry”labels.Taking the widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophen(APAP)as an example,we hereby designed and synthesized an APAP analogue using fluorine as a steric-free label.Cell toxicity studies indicated our analogue has similar activity to the parent drug.This analogue was applied to the mouse hepatocellular proteome together with the corresponding desthiobiotinSH probe for subsequent fluorine-thiol displacement reactions(FTDRs).This set of probes has enabled the labeling and pull-down of hepatocellular target proteins of the APAP metabolite as validated by Western blotting.Our preliminary validation results supported the interaction of APAP with the thioredoxin protein,which is an important redox protein for normal liver function.These results demonstrated that our probes confer minimal steric perturbation and mimic the compounds of interest,allowing for global profiling of interacting proteins.The fluorine-thiol displacement probing system could emerge as a powerful tool to enable the investigation of drug-protein interactions in complex biological environments.
基金This research was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program(No.JQ19029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51421005)the Ministry of Education Innovation Team of China(No.IRT_17R03)。
文摘The failure mechanism of tunnels crossing faults is a critical issue for tunnels located in seismically active regions. This study aims to investigate the nonlinear response of rock tunnels crossing inactive faults under obliquely incident seismic P waves. Based on the equivalent nodal force method together with the viscous-spring boundary, an incident method for the site, which contains fault and is subjected to obliquely incident seismic P waves, is developed first. Then, based on the proposed incident method, the nonlinear response and the failure process of the tunnel crossing inactive fault are numerically studied. The numerical results show that the failure mechanism of the tunnel crossing inactive fault can be attributed to the combined action of the seismic waves and its associated fault slippage. Finally, parameter studies are conducted to investigate the effects of the wave impedance ratio of the fault to the surrounding rock and the incident angle of P waves. By the parameter analysis, it can be concluded that:(1) with decreasing the wave impedance ratio of the fault to the surrounding rock, the seismic response of the tunnel increases significantly;(2) the seismic response of the tunnel increases first and then decreases with the increasing of the incident angle of P waves. This study offers the insight for further research on the seismic stability of tunnels crossing inactive faults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51708010,51678014 , 51878384).
文摘The analytical method is adopted to investigate the earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on a circular cylinder surrounded by a two-layer fluid.Based on the radiation theory,the analytical expressions of the hydrodynamic pressure and the hydrodynamic force on a rigid circular cylinder are obtained.Then,the dispersion relation for the radiation problem in a two-layer fluid,and the added mass and the damping coefficients on the circular cylinder are analyzed.The earthquake-induced hydrodynamic forces on the circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid are furtherly investigated.It is founded that the hydrodynamic pressures on the circular cylinder include not only the surface-wave and perturbing wave modes,but also the internal-wave mode.This is quite different from the case in a single-layer fluid.However,the results indicate that the internal-wave mode has little influence on the hydrodynamic forces on the circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid.Lastly,the seismic responses of the flexible cylinder in single-layer and two-layer fluids are studied.Some examples show that the seismic responses of the cylinder in a two-layer fluid are much larger than those in a single-layer fluid.