An improved nonlinear adaptive switching control method is presented to relax the assumption on the higher order nonlinear terms of a class of discrete-time non-affine nonlinear systems. The proposed control strategy ...An improved nonlinear adaptive switching control method is presented to relax the assumption on the higher order nonlinear terms of a class of discrete-time non-affine nonlinear systems. The proposed control strategy is composed of a linear adaptive controller, a neural network(NN) based nonlinear adaptive controller and a switching mechanism. An incremental model is derived to represent the considered system and an improved robust adaptive law is chosen to update the parameters of the linear adaptive controller. A new performance criterion of the switching mechanism is designed to select the proper controller. Using this control scheme, all the signals in the system are proved to be bounded. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Lateral predictive coding is a recurrent neural network that creates energy-efficient internal representations by exploiting statistical regularity in sensory inputs.Here,we analytically investigate the trade-off betw...Lateral predictive coding is a recurrent neural network that creates energy-efficient internal representations by exploiting statistical regularity in sensory inputs.Here,we analytically investigate the trade-off between information robustness and energy in a linear model of lateral predictive coding and numerically minimize a free energy quantity.We observed several phase transitions in the synaptic weight matrix,particularly a continuous transition that breaks reciprocity and permutation symmetry and builds cyclic dominance and a discontinuous transition with the associated sudden emergence of tight balance between excitatory and inhibitory interactions.The optimal network follows an ideal gas law over an extended temperature range and saturates the efficiency upper bound of energy use.These results provide theoretical insights into the emergence and evolution of complex internal models in predictive processing systems.展开更多
背景免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)可改善晚期野生型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的生存,但缺乏对多种一线治疗直接比较的证据,这对临床决策的制定不利。为此,本研究通过网状荟萃分析对比了现有的一线治疗模式,旨在确定具有特定病理学特征患者的最...背景免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)可改善晚期野生型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的生存,但缺乏对多种一线治疗直接比较的证据,这对临床决策的制定不利。为此,本研究通过网状荟萃分析对比了现有的一线治疗模式,旨在确定具有特定病理学特征患者的最佳治疗方案。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials和Clinical Trials数据库,截止时间为2020-07-31。纳入比较的一线治疗包括化疗、抗血管生成、ICI以及联合治疗用于既往未治疗的ⅢB/Ⅳ期或复发的驱动基因野生型NSCLC患者的Ⅱ/Ⅲ期随机对照试验(RCT)。结果共纳入26项RCT研究,患者16977例,总计18个方案。与无ICI方案的治疗相比,包含ICI的治疗可显著延长患者的总生存期(OS;HR=0.82,95%CrI:0.72~0.93)。与单用ICI相比,ICI联合化疗可显著延长患者的无进展生存期(PFS;HR=0.70,95%CrI:0.58~0.86),使OS略有延长(HR=0.90,95%CrI:0.79~1.05)。作为贝叶斯网状荟萃分析中排名最高的治疗方案,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗、纳武利尤单抗加伊匹木单抗联合化疗较标准化疗加/不加贝伐珠单抗有显著的OS获益。帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案在改善OS、1年OS率以及非鳞癌、程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)表达≥1%、非吸烟的和肝转移的亚组中排名首位,而纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗以及化疗是鳞癌、PD-L1<1%、伴脑转移的NSCLC患者的首选。此外,不含贝伐珠单抗的ICI治疗方案,如帕博利珠单抗联合化疗、纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗加/不加化疗,与阿替利珠单抗联合化疗以及贝伐珠单抗相比,OS获益差异无统计学意义。结论与双免相比,ICI联合化疗是晚期驱动基因野生型NSCLC最佳的一线治疗方案,两者协同增效可改善患者的长期生存。任意2种不同排序方案的相对疗效全景图,为根据患者临床特征选择最佳一线ICI治疗提供了强有力的证据。展开更多
目的探讨血清趋化因子白细胞介素(IL)-8、干扰素诱导蛋白(IP)-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1水平与GDM发生、发展的关系。方法选择2020年7月至2021年7月于乐山市妇幼保健院定期进行产前检查并诊断为GDM的20例单胎孕妇为研究对象,并纳入GD...目的探讨血清趋化因子白细胞介素(IL)-8、干扰素诱导蛋白(IP)-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1水平与GDM发生、发展的关系。方法选择2020年7月至2021年7月于乐山市妇幼保健院定期进行产前检查并诊断为GDM的20例单胎孕妇为研究对象,并纳入GDM组。再采用随机数字表法,抽选同时期在同一家医院进行产前检查的22例正常孕妇纳入对照组。2组孕妇分别于孕龄8~12孕周和24~28孕周时采集肘静脉血,检测血清IL-8、IP-10及MCP-1水平,并且于孕龄为24~28孕周行75g葡萄口服糖耐量实验(OGTT)。采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、Wilcoxon符号秩和检验对2组孕妇上述实验室检查结果进行统计学分析,采用Spearman秩相关性分析,对中孕期GDM孕妇血清IL-8水平与2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度的相关性进行分析。本研究遵循的程序符合乐山市妇幼保健院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准[审批文号:(科研申)2021-01-01号],与所有孕妇签署临床研究知情同意书。结果①GDM组孕妇的分娩年龄、孕前人体质量指数(BMI)及孕前腹围均显著超过对照组,而GDM组孕妇的分娩孕龄小于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②GDM组孕妇的空腹血糖、1、2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度分别为(5.1±0.8)mmol/L,(9.4±2.2)mmol/L和(9.2±1.9)mmol/L,均高于对照组的(4.4±0.3)mmol/L,(7.4±1.3)mmol/L和(6.8±0.9)mmol/L,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.80、3.67、5.14,P=0.001、0.001、<0.001)。③2组孕妇早孕期血清IL-8、IP-10、MCP-1水平,以及中孕期血清IP-10、MCP-1水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但是,GDM组孕妇中孕期血清IL-8水平显著高于对照组[37.4 pg/mL(22.1 pg/mL,117.5 pg/mL)vs 11.1 pg/mL(4.4 pg/mL,21.9 pg/mL)],2组比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.98,P=0.003)。GDM组孕妇中孕期血清IL-8水平高于该组早孕期,并且差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.22,P=0.001)。④中孕期血清IL-8水平与2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度呈正相关关系(r=0.37,P=0.026)。结论血清IL-8可能在GDM的发生、发展中起重要作用,早、中孕期血清IP-10、MCP-1水平与GDM发生无关。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61333010,21376077,61203157)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1421800)State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries(PAL-N201404)
文摘An improved nonlinear adaptive switching control method is presented to relax the assumption on the higher order nonlinear terms of a class of discrete-time non-affine nonlinear systems. The proposed control strategy is composed of a linear adaptive controller, a neural network(NN) based nonlinear adaptive controller and a switching mechanism. An incremental model is derived to represent the considered system and an improved robust adaptive law is chosen to update the parameters of the linear adaptive controller. A new performance criterion of the switching mechanism is designed to select the proper controller. Using this control scheme, all the signals in the system are proved to be bounded. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12047503,11747601 and 12247104)the National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology(Grant No.22TQ0904ZT01025)。
文摘Lateral predictive coding is a recurrent neural network that creates energy-efficient internal representations by exploiting statistical regularity in sensory inputs.Here,we analytically investigate the trade-off between information robustness and energy in a linear model of lateral predictive coding and numerically minimize a free energy quantity.We observed several phase transitions in the synaptic weight matrix,particularly a continuous transition that breaks reciprocity and permutation symmetry and builds cyclic dominance and a discontinuous transition with the associated sudden emergence of tight balance between excitatory and inhibitory interactions.The optimal network follows an ideal gas law over an extended temperature range and saturates the efficiency upper bound of energy use.These results provide theoretical insights into the emergence and evolution of complex internal models in predictive processing systems.
文摘背景免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)可改善晚期野生型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的生存,但缺乏对多种一线治疗直接比较的证据,这对临床决策的制定不利。为此,本研究通过网状荟萃分析对比了现有的一线治疗模式,旨在确定具有特定病理学特征患者的最佳治疗方案。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials和Clinical Trials数据库,截止时间为2020-07-31。纳入比较的一线治疗包括化疗、抗血管生成、ICI以及联合治疗用于既往未治疗的ⅢB/Ⅳ期或复发的驱动基因野生型NSCLC患者的Ⅱ/Ⅲ期随机对照试验(RCT)。结果共纳入26项RCT研究,患者16977例,总计18个方案。与无ICI方案的治疗相比,包含ICI的治疗可显著延长患者的总生存期(OS;HR=0.82,95%CrI:0.72~0.93)。与单用ICI相比,ICI联合化疗可显著延长患者的无进展生存期(PFS;HR=0.70,95%CrI:0.58~0.86),使OS略有延长(HR=0.90,95%CrI:0.79~1.05)。作为贝叶斯网状荟萃分析中排名最高的治疗方案,帕博利珠单抗联合化疗、纳武利尤单抗加伊匹木单抗联合化疗较标准化疗加/不加贝伐珠单抗有显著的OS获益。帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案在改善OS、1年OS率以及非鳞癌、程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)表达≥1%、非吸烟的和肝转移的亚组中排名首位,而纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗以及化疗是鳞癌、PD-L1<1%、伴脑转移的NSCLC患者的首选。此外,不含贝伐珠单抗的ICI治疗方案,如帕博利珠单抗联合化疗、纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗加/不加化疗,与阿替利珠单抗联合化疗以及贝伐珠单抗相比,OS获益差异无统计学意义。结论与双免相比,ICI联合化疗是晚期驱动基因野生型NSCLC最佳的一线治疗方案,两者协同增效可改善患者的长期生存。任意2种不同排序方案的相对疗效全景图,为根据患者临床特征选择最佳一线ICI治疗提供了强有力的证据。
文摘目的探讨血清趋化因子白细胞介素(IL)-8、干扰素诱导蛋白(IP)-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1水平与GDM发生、发展的关系。方法选择2020年7月至2021年7月于乐山市妇幼保健院定期进行产前检查并诊断为GDM的20例单胎孕妇为研究对象,并纳入GDM组。再采用随机数字表法,抽选同时期在同一家医院进行产前检查的22例正常孕妇纳入对照组。2组孕妇分别于孕龄8~12孕周和24~28孕周时采集肘静脉血,检测血清IL-8、IP-10及MCP-1水平,并且于孕龄为24~28孕周行75g葡萄口服糖耐量实验(OGTT)。采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、Wilcoxon符号秩和检验对2组孕妇上述实验室检查结果进行统计学分析,采用Spearman秩相关性分析,对中孕期GDM孕妇血清IL-8水平与2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度的相关性进行分析。本研究遵循的程序符合乐山市妇幼保健院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准[审批文号:(科研申)2021-01-01号],与所有孕妇签署临床研究知情同意书。结果①GDM组孕妇的分娩年龄、孕前人体质量指数(BMI)及孕前腹围均显著超过对照组,而GDM组孕妇的分娩孕龄小于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②GDM组孕妇的空腹血糖、1、2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度分别为(5.1±0.8)mmol/L,(9.4±2.2)mmol/L和(9.2±1.9)mmol/L,均高于对照组的(4.4±0.3)mmol/L,(7.4±1.3)mmol/L和(6.8±0.9)mmol/L,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.80、3.67、5.14,P=0.001、0.001、<0.001)。③2组孕妇早孕期血清IL-8、IP-10、MCP-1水平,以及中孕期血清IP-10、MCP-1水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但是,GDM组孕妇中孕期血清IL-8水平显著高于对照组[37.4 pg/mL(22.1 pg/mL,117.5 pg/mL)vs 11.1 pg/mL(4.4 pg/mL,21.9 pg/mL)],2组比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.98,P=0.003)。GDM组孕妇中孕期血清IL-8水平高于该组早孕期,并且差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.22,P=0.001)。④中孕期血清IL-8水平与2 h 75 g OGTT血糖浓度呈正相关关系(r=0.37,P=0.026)。结论血清IL-8可能在GDM的发生、发展中起重要作用,早、中孕期血清IP-10、MCP-1水平与GDM发生无关。