基于HYDRUS-1D模型的荒漠苜蓿农田滴灌灌溉制度制定

【目的】探究提高干旱区荒漠苜蓿农田滴灌水分利用效率的方法,制定适宜的节水灌溉制度。【方法】以苜蓿为研究对象,基于HYDRUS-1D模型设置4种灌溉水平(高强度大灌溉量(LH-I)、中强度大灌溉量(MH-I)、低强度中等灌溉量(SM-I)、无灌溉(CK))和5个0~20 cm土层初始土壤体积含水率梯度(4%、6%、8%、10%、12%,分别表示为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5),分析苜蓿根系土壤体积含水率降至土壤凋萎点的时间、峰值及维持在土壤凋萎点以上的时长,筛选0~20 cm土层不同土壤初始体积含水率下的最优灌溉水平。【结果】0~20 cm土层土壤体积含水率的变化对SM-I、CK灌溉水平具有显著影响;在无灌溉的情况下,体积含水率?10%的0~20 cm土层土壤会补给根系层水分;低含水率的0~20 cm土层土壤更有利于LH-I灌溉水平下的水分在根系层的留存,SM-I水平下根系层水分的留存时长与0~20cm土层土壤体积含水率呈正相关。LH-I灌溉水平下的深层土壤体积含水率峰值相比MH-I、SM-I、CK灌溉水平分别提高10.28%、27.91%、107.93%;MH-I灌溉水平下根系层土壤体积含水率维持在凋萎点之上的时长最久,平均为5.7 d。【结论】当0~20 cm土层土壤体积含水率≤4%时,可采用LH-I灌溉水平;当0~20 cm土层土壤体积含水率?4%时,MH-I灌溉水平为最优选择。

兼顾增益与折射率变化的低偏振量子点材料研究

对比分析了InGaAs/InGaAsP柱状量子点材料TE模和TM模增益谱及其折射率变化谱随点区材料组分、垒区材料组分和量子点高宽比的变化特性,并剖析了其中的物理机理。进一步联合考虑点区和垒区组分变化对兼顾增益与折射率变化以及偏振相关性的影响,提出了一种多参数调配方法,并据此设计出在1550nm通信波段(1540~1560nm)内兼顾增益与折射率变化的低偏振量子点材料In0.97Ga0.03As/In0.76Ga0.24As0.52P0.48。最后通过分析,选定合适的工作载流子浓度。当载流子浓度为0.6×10^24 m^-3时,TE模和TM模的3dB谱宽交叠区面积分别为8.66×10^3和7.55×10^3nm/cm,增益和折射率变化的偏振相关性分别在3%和10%以内。研究结果有助于未来全光网络中关键器件的优化设计。

Effect of Lithium Nitrate on the Structure and Property of α-Al2O3 Platelets Prepared via Solid-state Reaction

The α-Al_2O_3 platelets were prepared via solid-state reactions and the effect of the amount of lithium nitrate additive on the property of the platelets was investigated. The ICP results indicated that the high temperature calcination process resulted in a large loss of lithium species because of volatilization, but there was still a small amount of residual lithium species in the α-Al_2O_3 platelets. The SEM micrographs showed that lithium nitrate led to decrease in the thickness of α-Al_2O_3 platelets and irregular morphology of aggregates. Pore structures results exhibited that addition of lithium nitrate led to decrease in the pore size and increase in the specific surface area of aggregates of α-Al_2O_3 platelets. The XRD and IR patterns suggested that the residual lithium and aluminum oxide formed LiAl_5O_8. The existence of LiAl_5O_8 was the basic reason for the changed performance of α-Al_2O_3 platelets.