低轨卫星磁测及全球地磁场建模

低轨卫星磁测因其覆盖范围广、精度高、无疆域限制等优点,已逐步成为全球高精度地磁探测和全球地磁场模型更新的主要手段.本文首先对国内外低轨卫星磁测发展历史、主要特征、测量精度、发展趋势等做了总结和回顾.其次介绍了低轨卫星磁测的在轨定标流程和方法,详细描述了作为重点和难点的矢量磁场在轨正交校正和坐标转换算法,并展示了主要磁测卫星在轨定标结果.文章最后介绍了全球地磁场建模理论,并对主要的全球地磁场模型、空间分辨率等进行了总结,展示了主磁场、不同分辨率岩石圈磁场、磁层和电离层电流体系外源场的全球分布形态和主要特征.得益于低轨卫星磁测技术,全球地磁场建模得到了快速发展,并在科学研究、资源探测、通讯导航、自然灾害防治等领域得到了广泛应用,但目前仍然面临时空分辨率有限等问题,解决这一问题需要融合近地表观测数据,并不断优化场源描述能力和建模技术.

江苏沿海滩涂垦区不同播种量对小麦产量的影响及小麦生长季土壤因子变化动态

利用供试品种小麦扬麦16在江苏南通沿海滩涂围垦区开展3个播种量水平处理的小麦种植试验,旨在研究不同播种量水平对沿海滩涂小麦产量及其构成因素的影响,明确滩涂小麦生长期间土壤盐分、pH值、土壤水分和土壤温度的变化动态。结果表明:1)沿海滩涂小麦种植过程中,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤盐分(电导率)变化幅度分别为0.258~0.478 dS/m和0.258~0.496 dS/m,且各处理土壤盐分表现为12月至翌年3月底处于稳定期,4月上旬开始出现土壤返盐状态;2)不同播种量处理下土壤pH值和土壤水分均具有一致的季节性变化特征,且各处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤pH值变化幅度分别在7.80~8.55、8.52~9.37,各处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤水分变化幅度分别在19.35%~24.13%、21.51%~23.66%;3)不同播种量水平处理下各土层温度(0、5、10、15 cm)与大气温度变化均表现出相似的季节性变化规律,且各土层温度与大气温度之间均具有极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);4)沿海滩涂种植小麦过程中,D2(225.0 kg/hm^(2))和D3(262.5 kg/hm^(2))处理相比D1(187.5 kg/hm^(2))处理小麦产量分别显著提高了5.74%、5.06%(P<0.05),穗数显著提高了9.68%、10.54%(P<0.05),且D2和D3处理之间滩涂小麦产量和穗数差异均无统计学意义;同时,D1、D2和D3处理下滩涂小麦的穗粒数和千粒质量差异均无统计学意义。因此,本试验条件下,滩涂小麦种植过程中不同播种量水平没有明显改变土壤盐分等指标的变化动态,滩涂小麦产量的提高主要是因穗数增加引起的。综合考虑经济效益,播种量225.0 kg/hm^(2)是滩涂小麦比较适宜的播种量水平。

不同类型水稻芽期的耐盐性差异

对43份水稻材料进行芽期耐盐性比较试验,用0、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%共4个浓度的Na Cl溶液模拟盐胁迫,对芽期的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、主根数、根鲜质量、芽鲜质量、根干质量、芽干质量和电导率等进行测定分析。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,不同水稻材料的根长、芽长、根数、发芽势、发芽率、根鲜质量、芽鲜质量、根干质量和芽干质量均呈下降趋势,而芽的电导率呈上升趋势;同一盐浓度处理下,不同水稻材料的耐盐表现有差异。通过综合分析,筛选出芽期耐盐性强的2个常规籼稻(R2803和YW01);耐盐性较强的6个材料,其中3个常规粳稻(淮稻5号、扬粳3491和越光),2个常规籼稻(黄华占和R889)和1个籼型杂交稻(椰香A/海品12)。

不同杂交籼稻品种在盐碱胁迫下钠钾离子变化及产量的比较

针对江苏沿海滩涂盐碱地,探究不同籼型杂交稻品种在盐碱地中钠钾离子的积累与产量的关系,并筛选出比较适合江苏盐碱土种植的品种。选取24个杂交籼稻品种,动态测定植株中钠钾离子吸收的变化和干物质质量变化,以及土壤中钠钾离子变化和可溶性盐的变化。结果表明,水稻种植显著降低了土壤中钠钾离子和可溶性总盐含量,其中钠钾离子含量分别降低7.67%和25.08%,可溶性总盐含量降低33.52%;并通过植株钠钾离子积累量和产量筛选出3个耐盐杂交籼稻品种(E10、E11和E12),其中钾离子积累量和产量最高的品种为E10(323.60 kg/hm^(2)和10.78 t/hm^(2)),钠离子积累量最高的品种为E11(11.71 kg/hm^(2))。

机插密度对盐碱地超级稻产量及钠钾离子吸收的影响

为筛选出江苏滨海盐碱地超级稻品种‘湘两优900’的适宜机插密度,研究了不同机插密度(高密度,T_(1):25.0×10^(4)穴/hm^(2);中密度,T_(2):19.9×10^(4)穴/hm^(2);低密度,T_(3):16.6×10^(4)穴/hm^(2))对水稻各指标的影响,并动态监测了土壤及田间水盐分的变化。结果表明:水稻种植能够显著降低土壤可溶性总盐含量,降幅可达28.68%;随机插密度变小,水稻单穴的分蘖数、干物质重能够显著提高,而群体的分蘖数和干物质重会相应的显著降低;水稻SPAD值在生殖生长期时,随密度下降呈增加的趋势,而叶面积指数在所有生育期均呈降低的趋势;机插密度下降能够显著增加单穴钠钾离子积累量和显著降低群体的钠钾离子积累。相关分析表明,不同机插密度水稻实际产量与单株钠离子积累量呈显著负相关,与群体有效穗数、群体干物质积累量呈显著正相关,与每穗总粒数、群体钾离子积累量呈极显著正相关。本试验条件下,江苏滨海盐碱地‘湘两优900’的适宜机插密度为25.0×10^(4)穴/hm^(2)。

Pre-earthquake Schumann Resonance Anomaly in Yunnan

There is a good correlation between anomalous Schumann resonance and seismic activities. Pre-earthquake anomalous Schumann resonance is an important manifestation of LAIC (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), which is probably associated with seismic ionospheric disturbance. The observation system parameters of the Yunnan Schumann resonance monitoring stations and the results of statistical and seismic cases analysis are introduced in this paper. Three days before the March 10, 2011 MS5.8 Yingjiang earthquake, anomalous Schumann resonance in the By component (E-W) was observed by Yongsheng station, and two days before the Lincang MS4.0 earthquake of January 23, 2011, anomalous Schumann resonance in the By component was detected by the same station. Spectrum analysis results on the By component observations of Tonghai station show that strong disturbances were observed in spectral density corresponding to the first three Schumann resonant frequencies on the very day of the MS4.2 Honghe earthquake of May 22, 2011. Research shows that Schumann resonance monitoring is a feasible method for seismic-electromagnetic precursors monitoring.

Cross-calibration on the electromagnetic field detection payloads of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)deploys three payloads to detect the electromagnetic environment in the ionosphere.The tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers(FGM),as part of the high precision magnetometer(HPM),measures the Earth magnetic vector field in a frequency range from direct current(DC)to 15 Hz.The tri-axial search coil magnetometer(SCM)detects the alternating current(AC)related magnetic field in a frequency range from several Hz to 20 k Hz,and the electric field detector(EFD)measures the spatial electric field in a broad frequency band from DC to 3.5 MHz.This work mainly crosscalibrates the consistency of these three payloads in their overlapped detection frequency range and firstly evaluates CSES’s timing system and the sampling time differences between EFD and SCM.A sampling time synchronization method for EFD and SCM waveform data is put forward.The consistency between FGM and SCM in the ultra-low-frequency(ULF)range is validated by using the magnetic torque(MT)signal as a reference.A natural quasiperiodic electromagnetic wave event verifies SCM and EFD’s consistency in extremely low-frequency and very low-frequency(ELF/VLF)bands.This cross-calibration work is helpful to upgrade the data quality of CSES and brings valuable insights to similar electromagnetic detection solutions by low earth orbit satellites.

Analysis and elimination of tri-band beacon interference with the fluxgate sensors onboard CSES

High precision magnetometer(HPM)is a magnetic field detection payload onboard China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),including two fluxgate magnetometers(FGM)and a coupled dark state magnetometer(CDSM).Observations show that FGM appears to be influenced when tri-band beacon(TBB)is powered on and emits electromagnetic waves.The interference phenomenon is further validated based on both in-orbit observation analysis and electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)tests on the ground.A joint correction algorithm based on the least square fitting and first-order difference method according to scalar magnetometer data is proposed to eliminate the interference.The algorithm significantly improves the consistency of HPM data.After correction,the average scalar deviation error could be reduced from 9.0 nT to around 0.7 nT.