社会与情绪健康量表(中学版)中文版修订

目的:引进社会与情绪健康量表-中学版(SEHS-S),对其进行中文修订,检验SEHS-S中文版在我国青少年群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-S对湖南省六个地区7-12年级3750名中学生施测,三周后抽取其中88名被试进行重测。结果:SEHS-S中文版维度结构与原量表一致,由12个测量指标所构成的4个核心积极特征维度可以有效的聚合到二阶因子综合活力Covitality上,4个维度包括:情绪能力、有活力的生活、对自己的信念、对他人的信念,验证性因素分析结果支持社会与情绪健康综合活力(Covitality)二阶模型:(1)CFI=0.938;(2)SRMR=0.037;(3)RMSEA=0.053;SEHS-S总分与青少年主观幸福感、抑郁、焦虑、压力以及学生自评学业成绩的相关系数分别为:0.459、-0.358、-0.247、-0.223、0.277;总量表的内部一致性系数为0.917;三周后的重测信度为0.891;测量等值性检验结果显示SEHS-S具有跨性别的部分等值性和跨年级的完全等值性。结论:修订后的中文版SEHS-S具有良好的信效度以及跨性别的部分等值及跨年级的完全等值性。

社会与情绪健康量表(小学版)中文再修订

目的:对社会与情绪健康量表-小学版(Social and Emotional Health Survey-Primary,SEHS-P)2016年版进行中文修订,检验其在我国小学生群体中的信、效度及其跨年级、性别的测量等值性。方法:应用中文版SEHS-P对湖南、四川和浙江三省12所小学1-6年级4869名学生施测,以特拉华欺负受害量表-学生卷、特拉华校园氛围量表-学生卷、长处和困难问卷以及学生自评学业成绩为效标,三周后随机抽取其中361名被试进行重测。结果:SEHS-P中文版维度结构与原量表一致,4个核心积极品质可以有效的聚合到二阶因子综合活力(Covitality)上,4个维度包括:感恩、乐观、热情、坚毅,验证性因素分析结果支持社会与情绪健康综合活力(Covitality)二阶模型。SEHS-P总分与小学生欺负受害、学生感知的校园氛围、困难总分以及学生自评学业成绩的相关系数分别为:-0.338、0.509、-0.128、0.344;总量表的内部一致性系数为0.944;三周后的重测信度为0.831;测量等值性检验结果显示SEHS-P具有跨性别和跨年级的完全等值性。结论:修订后的中文版SEHS-P具有良好的信效度以及跨性别和年级的完全等值性,可用于我国小学生相关研究。

Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for biological control

Understanding the thermal dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting how biological control of pest insects by parasitoids might be affected by geographic location and climate change.We compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower temperatures.Our analyses of the fate of parasitoids and their hosts and intergenerational population growth at different rearing temperatures show that D.semiclausum and P.xylostella respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature conditions.Some parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,the temperature at which the host biomass was least and the metabolic demands of the parasitoid could be high,suggesting that parasitoid development might be constrained by lack of host resources at higher temperatures.We discuss the potential mechanisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,which likely explain the pronounced seasonal dynamics of D.semiclausum in subtropical regions and its failure to establish in lowland tropical regions,where P.xylostella is a serious pest.Similar interactions in other host-parasitoid associations would constrain the efficacy of parasitoids as biological control agents as global temperatures increase.

Balancing nutrients in a toxic environment: the challenge of eating

Insect herbivores can regulate their food intake by mixing food sources with different nutrient content, but face the resulting challenge of ingesting various plant secondary metabolites. How insects deal with toxins in a complex nutrient environment is unclear. Here we investigated the influence of a classic plant secondary metabolite, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), and its hydrolyzed product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed on diets with different protein-to-carbohydrate (p : c) ratios. We also examined the effects of these toxins on larval biochemistry, by chemically analyzing the frass produced by insects feeding on the different diets. As expected, AITC had a greater negative effect than sinigrin on H. armigera life-history traits. However, AITC at low concentration appeared to have a positive effect on some traits. Both sinigrin and AITC-induced detoxification activity in the gut, and the reaction was related to diet protein concentration. High-protein diets can provide the required free amino acid, especially cysteine, needed for the detoxification process. The nutrient content of the diet influences how plant secondary metabolites are handled, and the use of artificial diets in experiments investigating the metabolic fate of plant secondary compounds needs to be carefully evaluated.

Australian sugarcane soldier fly’s salivary gland transcriptome in response to starvation and feeding on sugarcane crops

The soldier fly is an endemic pest of sugarcane in Australia.Small numbers of larvae can cause significant damage to roots and reduce the crop yields.Little is known about the composition and function of the soldier fly salivary gland,its secretions,and their roles in insect—plant interactions.In this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of starved and sugarcane root-fed soldier fly larvae.A total of 31119 highly expressed assembled contigs were identified in the salivary glands and almost 50%of them showed high levels of similarity to known proteins in Nr databases.Of all the obtained contigs,only 9727 sequences contain an open reading frame of over 100 amino acids.Around 31%of contigs were predicted to encode secretory proteins,including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential effectors.Some known salivary secreted peptides such as serine protease,cysteine proteinase inhibitors,antimicrobial peptides and venom proteins were among the top 100 highly expressed genes.Differential gene expression analysis revealed significant modulation of 850 transcripts in salivary glands upon exposure to plant roots or starvation stress.Here,we identified some venom proteins which were significantly upregulated in the salivary glands of soldier fly larvae exposed to sugarcane roots.In other insects and nematodes some of these proteins have been used to manipulate host plant defense systems and facilitate the invasion of the host plant.These findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effector proteins involved in soldier fly-sugarcane interactions.