Genetic mechanisms are implicated as a cause of some male infertility, yet are poorly understood. Meiosis is unique to germ cells and essential for reproduction. The synaptonemal complex is a critical component for ch...Genetic mechanisms are implicated as a cause of some male infertility, yet are poorly understood. Meiosis is unique to germ cells and essential for reproduction. The synaptonemal complex is a critical component for chromosome pairing, segregation and recombination. Hormadl is essential for mammalian gametogenesis as knockout male mice are infertile. Hormadl-deficient testes exhibit meiotic arrest in the early pachytene stage and synaptonema! complexes cannot be visualized. To analyze the hypothesis that the human HORMAD1 gene defects are associated with human azoospermia caused by meiotic arrest, mutational analysis was performed in all coding regions by direct sequence analysis of 30 Japanese men diagnosed with azoospermia resulting from meiotic arrest. By the sequence analysis, three polymorphism sites, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 1 (c. 163A〉G), SNP2 (c. 501T〉G) and SNP3 (c. 918C〉T), were found in exons 3, 8 and 10. The 30 patients with azoospermia and 80 normal pregnancy-proven, fertile men were analyzed for HORMAD1 polymorphisms. Both SNP1 and SNP2 were associated with human azoospermia caused by complete early meiotic arrest (P〈0.0S). We suggest that the HORMAD1 has an essential meiotic function in human spermatogenesis.展开更多
<abstract>Aim: To investigate the mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer after androgen ablation in LNCaP cells and the effect of glucuronidation activity. Methods: To establish androgen-ind...<abstract>Aim: To investigate the mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer after androgen ablation in LNCaP cells and the effect of glucuronidation activity. Methods: To establish androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer LNCaP-SF, continuous passage was performed in androgen-stripped medium and the cells were evaluated for glucuronidation activity. The expression vector of antisense uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15 cDNA was also constructed and evaluated. Results: LNCaP-SF lead to a higher expression in UGT2B15 and their glucuronidation activity is 2.5 times higher than that of LNCaP cells. Significantly fewer LNCaP and LNCaP-SF than control were transfected with the antisense UGT2B15 cDNA, suggesting that UGT2B15 plays an important part in the glucuronidation activity of androgens in both cells. Conclusion: The alteration of UGT2B15 expression in LNCaP-SF cells is proposed as a biological characteristic involved in the growth of hormonerefractory prostate cancer.展开更多
Availability of novel hormonal therapies as well as docetaxel and cabazitaxel treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed the outlook for this group of patients with improvements...Availability of novel hormonal therapies as well as docetaxel and cabazitaxel treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed the outlook for this group of patients with improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival. Physicians often diagnose the progression of prostate cancer using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, serum PSA is not always correlated with the clinical status in CRPC. To evaluate the PSA dynamics with greater precision, understanding of the control of PSA and of the mechanisms of development of CRPC is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to use new hormonal therapies with an appropriate timing to optimally improve the prognosis and the QOL of the patients. In the present review, we ascertain the PSA dynamics and the mechanisms of the development of CRPC to assist in optimal utilization of the new treatments for mCRPC.展开更多
Androgen replacement therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active l...Androgen replacement therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active lifestyles. We prospectively assessed long-term ART effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging men with LOH in Japan. The primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, muscular strength, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Of the 1637 eligible volunteers, 334 patients 〉 40 years with LOH were randomly assigned to either the ART (n = 169) or control groups (n = 165). Fifty-two weeks after the initial treatment, ART significantly affected the role physical subdomain of the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scale (P= 0.0318). ART was also associated with significant decreases in waist circumstance (P = 0.002) and serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.013) and with significant increases in whole-body and leg muscle mass volumes (P= 0.071 and 0.0108, respectively), serum hemoglobin (P 〈 0.001), IPSS voiding subscore (P = 0.0418), and the second question on I IEF-5 (P = 0.0049). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events. In conclusion, in patients with LOH, long-term ART exerted beneficial effects on Role Physical subdomain of the SF-36 scale, serum TG, waist circumstance, muscle mass volume, voiding subscore of IPSS, and the second question of IIEF-5. We hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.展开更多
文摘Genetic mechanisms are implicated as a cause of some male infertility, yet are poorly understood. Meiosis is unique to germ cells and essential for reproduction. The synaptonemal complex is a critical component for chromosome pairing, segregation and recombination. Hormadl is essential for mammalian gametogenesis as knockout male mice are infertile. Hormadl-deficient testes exhibit meiotic arrest in the early pachytene stage and synaptonema! complexes cannot be visualized. To analyze the hypothesis that the human HORMAD1 gene defects are associated with human azoospermia caused by meiotic arrest, mutational analysis was performed in all coding regions by direct sequence analysis of 30 Japanese men diagnosed with azoospermia resulting from meiotic arrest. By the sequence analysis, three polymorphism sites, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 1 (c. 163A〉G), SNP2 (c. 501T〉G) and SNP3 (c. 918C〉T), were found in exons 3, 8 and 10. The 30 patients with azoospermia and 80 normal pregnancy-proven, fertile men were analyzed for HORMAD1 polymorphisms. Both SNP1 and SNP2 were associated with human azoospermia caused by complete early meiotic arrest (P〈0.0S). We suggest that the HORMAD1 has an essential meiotic function in human spermatogenesis.
文摘<abstract>Aim: To investigate the mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer after androgen ablation in LNCaP cells and the effect of glucuronidation activity. Methods: To establish androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer LNCaP-SF, continuous passage was performed in androgen-stripped medium and the cells were evaluated for glucuronidation activity. The expression vector of antisense uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15 cDNA was also constructed and evaluated. Results: LNCaP-SF lead to a higher expression in UGT2B15 and their glucuronidation activity is 2.5 times higher than that of LNCaP cells. Significantly fewer LNCaP and LNCaP-SF than control were transfected with the antisense UGT2B15 cDNA, suggesting that UGT2B15 plays an important part in the glucuronidation activity of androgens in both cells. Conclusion: The alteration of UGT2B15 expression in LNCaP-SF cells is proposed as a biological characteristic involved in the growth of hormonerefractory prostate cancer.
文摘Availability of novel hormonal therapies as well as docetaxel and cabazitaxel treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed the outlook for this group of patients with improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival. Physicians often diagnose the progression of prostate cancer using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, serum PSA is not always correlated with the clinical status in CRPC. To evaluate the PSA dynamics with greater precision, understanding of the control of PSA and of the mechanisms of development of CRPC is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to use new hormonal therapies with an appropriate timing to optimally improve the prognosis and the QOL of the patients. In the present review, we ascertain the PSA dynamics and the mechanisms of the development of CRPC to assist in optimal utilization of the new treatments for mCRPC.
文摘Androgen replacement therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active lifestyles. We prospectively assessed long-term ART effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging men with LOH in Japan. The primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, muscular strength, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Of the 1637 eligible volunteers, 334 patients 〉 40 years with LOH were randomly assigned to either the ART (n = 169) or control groups (n = 165). Fifty-two weeks after the initial treatment, ART significantly affected the role physical subdomain of the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scale (P= 0.0318). ART was also associated with significant decreases in waist circumstance (P = 0.002) and serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.013) and with significant increases in whole-body and leg muscle mass volumes (P= 0.071 and 0.0108, respectively), serum hemoglobin (P 〈 0.001), IPSS voiding subscore (P = 0.0418), and the second question on I IEF-5 (P = 0.0049). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events. In conclusion, in patients with LOH, long-term ART exerted beneficial effects on Role Physical subdomain of the SF-36 scale, serum TG, waist circumstance, muscle mass volume, voiding subscore of IPSS, and the second question of IIEF-5. We hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.