The additive manufacturing(AM)process plays an important role in enabling cross-disciplinary research in engineering and personalised medicine.Commercially available clinical tools currently utilised in radiotherapy a...The additive manufacturing(AM)process plays an important role in enabling cross-disciplinary research in engineering and personalised medicine.Commercially available clinical tools currently utilised in radiotherapy are typically based on traditional manufacturing processes,often leading to non-conformal geometries,time-consuming manufacturing process and high costs.An emerging application explores the design and development of patient-specific clinical tools using AM to optimise treatment outcomes among cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.In this review,we:•highlight the key advantages of AM in radiotherapy where rapid prototyping allows for patient-specific manufacture•explore common clinical workflows involving radiotherapy tools such as bolus,compensators,anthropomorphic phantoms,immobilisers,and brachytherapy moulds;and•investigate how current AM processes are exploited by researchers to achieve patient tissuelike imaging and dose attenuations.Finally,significant AM research opportunities in this space are highlighted for their future advancements in radiotherapy for diagnostic and clinical research applications.展开更多
A theoretical processing map for the laser cladding of Ti-6AI-4V powder on a Ti-6AI-4V substrate was developed. The map was constructed with the aid of a new analytical model for laser cladding, which is detailed in t...A theoretical processing map for the laser cladding of Ti-6AI-4V powder on a Ti-6AI-4V substrate was developed. The map was constructed with the aid of a new analytical model for laser cladding, which is detailed in this paper. The map is a series of loci that relate laser traversing speed with laser power for a given melt pool depth and clad height. Several of the developed parameters were experimentally trialled on Ti-6Al-4V clad on Ti-6Al-4V and produced clads of sound metallurgical quality. These maps would be useful for industrial engineers developing new cladding procedures or the research engineer developing understanding of the fundamental aspects of laser cladding. Additive manufacturing or laser engineered net shaping （LENS） could also use this type of map for the development of process parameters.展开更多
Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as a new potential material for structural engineering applications owing to their superior strength, hardness and high elastic strain limit. However, their behaviour...Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as a new potential material for structural engineering applications owing to their superior strength, hardness and high elastic strain limit. However, their behaviour is dubious. They manifest brittleness and inferior ductility which limit their applications. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this problem. Out of these, introduction of foreign particles (inoculants) during solidification has been proposed as the most effective. In this study, an effort has been made to delimit this drawback. A systematic tale has been presented which explains the evolution of microstructure in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 bulk metallic glass matrix composites with varying percentage of ZrC inoculant as analysed by secondary electron, back scatter electron imaging of “as cast” unetched samples and indentation microhardness testing. Secondary electron imaging of indents was also performed which shows development of shear transformation zones at edges of square of indents. Mostly, no cracking was observed, few cracks bearing Palmqvist morphology were witnessed in samples containing lower percentage of inoculant. A support is provided to hypothesis that inoculations remain successful in promoting phase formation and crystallinity and improving toughness.展开更多
Bulk metallic glass matrix composites are advocated to be material of future owing to their superior strength, hardness and elastic strain limit. However, they possess poor toughness which makes them unusable in any s...Bulk metallic glass matrix composites are advocated to be material of future owing to their superior strength, hardness and elastic strain limit. However, they possess poor toughness which makes them unusable in any structural engineering application. Inoculation has been used as effective mean to overcome this problem. Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGMC) inoculated with ZrC have shown considerable refinement in microstructure owing to heterogeneous nucleation. Efforts have also been made to exploit modern laser-based metal additive manufacturing to fabricate BMGMC parts in one step. However, the effect of laser on inoculated material is unknown. In this study, an effort has been made to apply single pass laser surface treatment on untreated and inoculated BMGMC samples. It is observed that laser treatment not only refine the microstructure but result in change of size, morphology and dispersion of CuZr B2 phase in base metal, heat affected zone and fusion zone in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2. A similar effect is observed for β-Zr and Zr2Cu in non-inoculated Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10. This effect is documented with back scatter electron imaging.展开更多
基金This research was conducted by the Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing(IC160100026).The support of the Gross Foundation is also acknowledged.
文摘The additive manufacturing(AM)process plays an important role in enabling cross-disciplinary research in engineering and personalised medicine.Commercially available clinical tools currently utilised in radiotherapy are typically based on traditional manufacturing processes,often leading to non-conformal geometries,time-consuming manufacturing process and high costs.An emerging application explores the design and development of patient-specific clinical tools using AM to optimise treatment outcomes among cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.In this review,we:•highlight the key advantages of AM in radiotherapy where rapid prototyping allows for patient-specific manufacture•explore common clinical workflows involving radiotherapy tools such as bolus,compensators,anthropomorphic phantoms,immobilisers,and brachytherapy moulds;and•investigate how current AM processes are exploited by researchers to achieve patient tissuelike imaging and dose attenuations.Finally,significant AM research opportunities in this space are highlighted for their future advancements in radiotherapy for diagnostic and clinical research applications.
文摘A theoretical processing map for the laser cladding of Ti-6AI-4V powder on a Ti-6AI-4V substrate was developed. The map was constructed with the aid of a new analytical model for laser cladding, which is detailed in this paper. The map is a series of loci that relate laser traversing speed with laser power for a given melt pool depth and clad height. Several of the developed parameters were experimentally trialled on Ti-6Al-4V clad on Ti-6Al-4V and produced clads of sound metallurgical quality. These maps would be useful for industrial engineers developing new cladding procedures or the research engineer developing understanding of the fundamental aspects of laser cladding. Additive manufacturing or laser engineered net shaping （LENS） could also use this type of map for the development of process parameters.
文摘Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as a new potential material for structural engineering applications owing to their superior strength, hardness and high elastic strain limit. However, their behaviour is dubious. They manifest brittleness and inferior ductility which limit their applications. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this problem. Out of these, introduction of foreign particles (inoculants) during solidification has been proposed as the most effective. In this study, an effort has been made to delimit this drawback. A systematic tale has been presented which explains the evolution of microstructure in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 bulk metallic glass matrix composites with varying percentage of ZrC inoculant as analysed by secondary electron, back scatter electron imaging of “as cast” unetched samples and indentation microhardness testing. Secondary electron imaging of indents was also performed which shows development of shear transformation zones at edges of square of indents. Mostly, no cracking was observed, few cracks bearing Palmqvist morphology were witnessed in samples containing lower percentage of inoculant. A support is provided to hypothesis that inoculations remain successful in promoting phase formation and crystallinity and improving toughness.
文摘Bulk metallic glass matrix composites are advocated to be material of future owing to their superior strength, hardness and elastic strain limit. However, they possess poor toughness which makes them unusable in any structural engineering application. Inoculation has been used as effective mean to overcome this problem. Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGMC) inoculated with ZrC have shown considerable refinement in microstructure owing to heterogeneous nucleation. Efforts have also been made to exploit modern laser-based metal additive manufacturing to fabricate BMGMC parts in one step. However, the effect of laser on inoculated material is unknown. In this study, an effort has been made to apply single pass laser surface treatment on untreated and inoculated BMGMC samples. It is observed that laser treatment not only refine the microstructure but result in change of size, morphology and dispersion of CuZr B2 phase in base metal, heat affected zone and fusion zone in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2. A similar effect is observed for β-Zr and Zr2Cu in non-inoculated Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10. This effect is documented with back scatter electron imaging.
