A New Merged Product Reveals Precipitation Features over Drylands in China

Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2°×0.2°during 1980–2019.The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales(e.g.,monthly,seasonally,and annually).The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP).The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China,with a bias of–2.19 mm month^(–1)relative to MSWEP.In addition,the annual trend of the merged product(0.09 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP(0.11 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))during 1980–2019.The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period.In particular,there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019.Generally,the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.

Surface Coating Enabling Sulfide Solid Electrolytes with Excellent Air Stability and Lithium Compatibility

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)featuring sulfide solid electrolytes(SEs)are recognized as the most promising next-generation energy storage technology because of their exceptional safety and much-improved energy density.However,lithium dendrite growth in sulfide SEs and their poor air stability have posed significant obstacles to the advancement of sulfide-based ASSLMBs.Here,a thin layer(approximately 5 nm)of g-C_(3)N_(4)is coated on the surface of a sulfide SE(Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl),which not only lowers the electronic conductivity of Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl but also achieves remarkable interface stability by facilitating the in situ formation of ion-conductive Li3N at the Li/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interface.Additionally,the g-C_(3)N_(4)coating on the surface can substantially reduce the formation of H_(2)S when Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl is exposed to humid air.As a result,Li-Li symmetrical cells using g-C_(3)N_(4)-coated Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl stably cycle for 1000 h with a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(-2).ASSLMBs paired with LiNbO_(3)-coated LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)exhibit a capacity of 132.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and a high-capacity retention of 99.1%after 200 cycles.Furthermore,g-C_(3)N_(4)-coated Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl effectively mitigates the self-discharge behavior observed in ASSLMBs.This surface-coating approach for sulfide solid electrolytes opens the door to the practical implementation of sulfide-based ASSLMBs.

The Silent Curriculum:Classical Aesthetics as a Catalyst for Emotional and Social Skills in Higher Vocational Education

This study examines the integration of classical aesthetics into the silent curriculum of higher vocational education,emphasizing its potential to significantly enhance emotional and social skills.Incorporating aesthetic principles into education emphasizes the importance of nurturing emotional intelligence,creativity,and cultural awareness in students-skills that go beyond the classroom and are essential for their growth,adaptability,and future careers.It explores theoretical foundations and practical implementations and addresses challenges such as the need for specialized educator training,overcoming institutional resistance,and securing adequate resources.Advocating for empirical research and strategic cultural partnerships,the paper proposes a transformative approach to vocational education,aligning it with contemporary societal and labor market demands,and underscores the vital role of classical aesthetics in enriching vocational training and enhancing student outcomes.

Semi-solid processing of aluminum and magnesium alloys:Status,opportunity,and challenge in China

Owing to its low cost,short process and low energy consumption,semi-solid processing(SSP)of aluminum(Al)and magnesium(Mg)alloys has been considered as a competitive approach to fabricate complicated components with excellent performance.Over the past decade,significant progress has been achieved in deeply understanding the SSP process,the microstructure and performance of the fabricated components in China.This paper starts with a retrospective overview of some common slurry preparation methods,followed by presenting the performance and the underlying mechanisms of SSP fabricated alloys.Then,the mainstream opinions on the microstructure evolution and rheological flow behavior of semi-solid slurry are discussed.Subsequently,the general situation and some recent examples of industrial applications of SSP are presented.Finally,special attention is paid to the unresolved issues and the future directions in SSP of Al and Mg alloys in China.

Methylene blue intercalated vanadium oxide with synergistic energy storage mechanism for highly efficient aqueous zinc ion batteries

With the rise of aqueous multivalent rechargeable batteries,inorganic-organic hybrid cathodes have attracted more and more attention due to the complement of each other’s advantages.Herein,a strategy of designing hybrid cathode is adopted for high efficient aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Methylene blue(MB)intercalated vanadium oxide(HVO-MB)was synthesized through sol-gel and ion exchange method.Compared with other organic-inorganic intercalation cathode,not only can the MB intercalation enlarge the HVO interlayer spacing to improve ion mobility,but also provide coordination reactions with the Zn^(2+)to enhance the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics of the hybrid electrode.As a key component for the cathode of AZIBs,HVO-MB contributes a specific capacity of 418 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),high rate capability(243 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1))and extraordinary stability(88%of capacity retention after 2000cycles at a high current density of 5 A g^(-1))in 3 M Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2) aqueous electrolyte.The electrochemical kinetics reveals HVO-MB characterized with large pseudocapacitance charge storage behavior due to the fast ion migration provided by the coordination reaction and expanded interlayer distance.Furthermore,a mixed energy storage mechanism involving Zn^(2+)insertion and coordination reaction is confirmed by various ex-situ characterization.Thus,this work opens up a new path for constructing the high performance cathode of AZIBs through organic-inorganic hybridization.

Narciclasine,a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor,exhibited potent anti-cancer activity against cancer cells

DNA topoisomerases are essential nuclear enzymes in correcting topological DNA errors and maintaining DNA integrity.Topoisomerase inhibitors are a significant class of cancer chemotherapeutics with a definite curative effect.Natural products are a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery,including anti-tumor drugs.In this study,we found that narciclasine(NCS),an amaryllidaceae alkaloid,is a novel inhibitor of topoisomerase I(topo I).Our data demonstrated that NCS inhibited topo I activity and reversed its unwinding effect on p-HOT DNA substrate.However,it had no obvious effect on topo II activity.The molecular mechanism of NCS inhibited topo I showed that NCS did not stabilize topo-DNA covalent complexes in cells,indicating that NCS is not a topo I poison.A blind docking result showed that NCS could bind to topo I,suggesting that NCS might be a topo I suppressor.Additionally,NCS exhibited a potent anti-proliferation effect in various cancer cells.NCS arrested the cell cycle at G_(2)/M phase and induced cell apoptosis.Our study reveals the antitumor mechanisms of NCS and provides a good foundation for the development of anti-cancer drugs based on topo I inhibition.

Water Evaporation Triggered Self-Assembly of MXene on Non-Carbonized Wood with Well-Aligned Channels as Size-Customizable Free-Standing Electrode for Supercapacitors

Herein,non-carbonized wood-based electrodes and separators with well-aligned channels and excellent mechanical properties are developed for supercapacitors.To enhance the conductivity and boost the capacitance,Ti_(3)C_(2)(MXene)nanosheets with high electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical activity are loaded into the wood cells via self-assembly triggered by fast evaporating water in Ti_(3)C_(2)suspension.By the assistance of positive charged polydopamine microspheres with large surface area,the self-restacking of Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets can be avoided and the high mass loading(50 wt%)can be achieved due to the extra driving force for Ti_(3)C_(2)absorption.Benefiting from the conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets with massive active sites and the multiple well-aligned channels in wood with efficient transportation pathways for charge carriers,the as-designed free-standing electrode shows a large areal capacitance of 1060 mF cm^(-2)at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and high capacitance retention of 67%at 10 mA cm^(-2).Also,this electrode is highly size-customizable,showing a good ability to be industrially processed into various shapes and dimensions.Furthermore,an all-wood based supercapacitor with Ti_(3)C_(2)/wood composites as two layers of electrodes and a wood slice as the separator is fabricated,presenting a high energy density of 10.5μW h cm^(-2)at 389.9μW cm^(-2).

Simulation study of BESⅢwith stitched CMOS pixel detector using AcTs

The reconstruction of the tracks of charged particles with high precision is crucial for HEP experiments to achieve their physics goals.The BESⅢdrift chamber,which is used as the tracking detector of the BESⅢexperiment,has suffered from aging effects resulting in degraded tracking performance after operation for approximately 15 years.To preserve and enhance the tracking performance of BESⅢ,one of the proposals is to add one layer of a thin cylindrical CMOS pixel sensor based on state-of-the-art stitching technology between the beam pipe and the drift chamber.The improvement in the tracking performance of BESⅢwith such an additional pixel detector compared to that with only the existing drift chamber was studied using the modern common tracking software Acts,which provides a set of detector-agnostic and highly performant tracking algorithms that have demonstrated promising performance for a few high-energy physics and nuclear physics experiments.

Detection of Citrus Psyllid Based on Improved YOLOX Model

[Objectives]The paper was to explore a faster and more accurate detection method for citrus psyllid to prevent and control yellow-shoot disease and inhibit its transmission.[Methods]We used an improved YOLOX based edge detection method for psyllid,added Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM)to the backbone network,and further extracted important features in the channel and space dimensions.The Cross Entropy Loss in the object loss was changed to Focal Loss to further reduce the missed detection rate.[Results]The algorithm described in the study fitted in with the detection platform of psyllid.The data set of psyllid was taken in Lianjiang Orange Garden,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province,deeply adapted to the actual needs of agricultural and rural development.Based on YOLOX model,the backbone network and loss function were improved to achieve a more excellent detection method of citrus psyllid.The AP value of 85.66%was obtained on the data set of citrus psyllid,which was 2.70%higher than that of the original model,and the detection accuracies were 8.61%,4.32%and 3.62%higher than that of YOLOv3,YOLOv4-Tiny and YOLOv5-s,respectively,which had been greatly improved.[Conclusions]The improved YOLOX model can better identify citrus psyllid,and the accuracy rate has been improved,laying a foundation for the subsequent real-time detection platform.

不同波长的蓝光对人视网膜色素上皮细胞的影响

目的:探讨不同波长的蓝光对人视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)的影响。方法:将体外培养的ARPE-19细胞随机分为对照组、447nm蓝光组、456nm蓝光组、468nm蓝光组,对照组细胞于常规条件下培养,蓝光组细胞使用光强为200Lx的OLED蓝光背光源照射72h,利用细胞活/死染色实验、CCK-8实验、Real-time PCR等方法比较不同波长的蓝光对细胞形态、细胞活性、增殖能力及视循环功能指标和炎症指标mRNA表达的影响。结果:蓝光照射后,ARPE-19细胞的形态发生变化,细胞融合减少。蓝光波长越短,对细胞增殖抑制作用越明显,细胞内增殖标志物Ki-67 mRNA表达越少,视循环功能指标卵磷脂视黄醇酰基转移酶(LRAT)、视黄醛结合蛋白(CRALBP)、视黄醛脱氢酶(RDH)、光受体视黄醇类结合蛋白(IRBP)mRNA表达下调越明显,细胞内炎症因子单核细胞趋化因子(MCP-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)mRNA表达水平上调越明显。结论:不同波长蓝光对RPE细胞均有损害作用,且蓝光波长越短,其损害作用越大。

Biological conduits combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix to treat long-segment sciatic nerve defects

The transplantation of polylactic glycolic acid conduits combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix gel for the repair of sciatic nerve injury is effective in some respects, but few data comparing the biomechanical factors related to the sciatic nerve are available. In the present study, rabbit models of 10-mm sciatic nerve defects were prepared. The rabbit models were repaired with autologous nerve, a polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, or a polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ＋ extracellular matrix gel. After 24 weeks, mechanical testing was performed to determine the stress relaxation and creep parameters. Following sciatic nerve injury, the magnitudes of the stress decrease and strain increase at 7,200 seconds were largest in the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ＋ extracellular matrix gel group, followed by the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group, and then the autologous nerve group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that compared with the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group and the autologous nerve group, a more complete sciatic nerve regeneration was found, including good myelination, regularly arranged nerve fibers, and a completely degraded and resorbed conduit, in the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ＋ extracellular matrix gel group. These results indicate that bridging 10-mm conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem sciatic nerve defects with a polylactic glycolic acid cells ＋ extracellular matrix gel construct increases the stress relaxation under a constant strain, reducing anastomotic tension. Large elongations under a constant physiological load can limit the anastomotic opening and shift, which is beneficial for the regeneration and functional reconstruction of sciatic nerve. Better regeneration was found with the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ＋ extracellular matrix gel grafts than with the polylactic glycolic acid conduit ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grafts and the autologous nerve grafts.

Human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation for the repair of injured brachial plexus nerve: evaluation of nerve viscoelastic properties

The transplantation of embryonic stem cells can effectively improve the creeping strength of nerves near an injury site in animals. Amniotic epithelial cells have similar biological properties as em-bryonic stem cells; therefore, we hypothesized that transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells can repair peripheral nerve injury and recover the creeping strength of the brachial plexus nerve. In the present study, a brachial plexus injury model was established in rabbits using the C6root avulsion method. A suspension of human amniotic epithelial cells was repeatedly injected over an area 4.0 mm lateral to the cephal and caudal ends of the C6 brachial plexus injury site （1 × 106 cells/mL, 3μL/injection, 25 injections） immediately after the injury. The results showed that the decrease in stress and increase in strain at 7,200 seconds in the injured rabbit C6 brachial plexus nerve were mitigated by the cell transplantation, restoring the viscoelastic stress relaxation and creep properties of the brachial plexus nerve. The forepaw functions were also signiifcantly improved at 26 weeks after injury. These data indicate that transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells can effec-tively restore the mechanical properties of the brachial plexus nerve after injury in rabbits and that viscoelasticity may be an important index for the evaluation of brachial plexus injury in animals.

Acellular allogeneic nerve grafting combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the repair of long-segment sciatic nerve defects:biomechanics and validation of mathematical models

We hypothesized that a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft used in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation would be an effective treatment for long-segment sciatic nerve defects.To test this,we established rabbit models of 30 mm sciatic nerve defects,and treated them using either an autograft or a chemically decellularized allogeneic nerve graft with or without simultaneous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.We compared the tensile properties,electrophysiological function and morphology of the damaged nerve in each group.Sciatic nerves repaired by the allogeneic nerve graft combined with stem cell transplantation showed better recovery than those repaired by the acellular allogeneic nerve graft alone,and produced similar results to those observed with the autograft.These findings confirm that a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is an effective method of repairing long-segment sciatic nerve defects.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves local microenvironment after spinal cord injury

Clinical studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves motor function in patients with spinal cord injury. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms associated with the recovery of neurological function after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. We established an acute spinal cord injury model using a modification of the free-falling object method, and treated the animals with oxygen at 0.2 MPa for 45 minutes, 4 hours after injury. The treatment was administered four times per day, for 3 days. Compared with model rats that did not receive the treatment, rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen had fewer apoptotic cells in spinal cord tissue, lower expression levels of aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein, and more NF-200 positive nerve fibers. Furthermore, they had smaller spinal cord cavities, rapid recovery of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials, and notably better recovery of hindlimb motor function than model rats. Our findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces apoptosis, downregulates aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein expression in injured spinal cord tissue, improves the local microenvironment for nerve regeneration, and protects and repairs the spinal cord after injury.

Two new lignans from Dipteronia dyeriana

A new sesquilignan, 7＇,8＇-didehydroherpetotriol （1）, and a new lignan glycoside, （＋）-isolariciresinol-9＇-O-α-L-rhamnopyra- nosy1-（1→6）-[3-D-glucopyranoside （2）, were isolated from the branches of Dipteronia dyeriana. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. Compound 1 possessed inhibitory activity against human leukaemia K562 cells with an IC50 value of 39 μmol/L.

Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells repairs brachial plexus injury:pathological and biomechanical analyses

A brachial plexus injury model was established in rabbits by stretching the C6 nerve root. Imme- diately after the stretching, a suspension of human amniotic epithelial cells was injected into the injured brachial plexus. The results of tensile mechanical testing of the brachial plexus showed that the tensile elastic limit strain, elastic limit stress, maximum stress, and maximum strain of the injured brachial plexuses were significantly increased at 24 weeks after the injection. The treatment clearly improved the pathological morphology of the injured brachial plexus nerve, as seen by hematoxylin eosin staining, and the functions of the rabbit forepaw were restored. These data indicate that the injection of human amniotic epithelial cells contributed to the repair of brachial plexus injury, and that this technique may transform into current clinical treatment strategies.

Anthropogenic Aerosol Pollution over the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau

In this study, a combination of satellite observations and reanalysis datasets is used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution, classification and source of pollutants over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP). The aerosol optical depth(AOD) over the ESTP is extremely large and even larger than some important industrialized regions and deserts. The main aerosol component over the ESTP is sulfate, followed by carbonaceous and dust aerosols. Local emissions related to human activity directly contribute to the accumulation of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over the Sichuan Basin. In addition, in spring, abundant carbonaceous aerosols emitted from forest, grassland and savanna fires in Southeast Asia can be transported by the prevailing southwesterly wind to southern China and the ESTP. The dust AOD over the ESTP peaks in spring because of the transport from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. Additionally, the high aerosol loading over the ESTP is also directly related to the meteorological background. Due to the special topography, the terrain-driven circulation can trap aerosols in the Sichuan Basin and these aerosols can climb along the ESTP due to the perennial updraft. The aerosol loading is lowest in summer because of effective wet deposition induced by the strong precipitation and better dispersion conditions due to the larger vertical temperature gradients and ascending air movement enhanced by the plateau heat pump effect. In contrast,the aerosol loading is greatest in winter. Abundant anthropogenic aerosols over the ESTP may generate some climatic and environmental risks and consequently greatly influence the downstream regions.

Composition and origin of lipid biomarkers in the surface sediments from the southern Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench

The surface sediments collected from the southern Mariana Trench at water depths between ca.4900 m and 7068 m were studied using lipid biomarker analyses to reveal the origin and distribution of organic matters. For all samples, an unresolved complex mixture(UCM) was present in the hydrocarbon fractions, wherein resistant component tricyclic terpanes were detected but C_(27)-C _(29) regular steranes and hopanes indicative of a higher molecular weight range of petroleum were almost absent.This biomarker distribution patterns suggested that the UCM and tricyclic terpanes may be introduced by contamination of diesel fuels or shipping activities and oil seepage elsewhere. The well-developed faults and strike-slip faults in the Mariana subduction zone may serve as passages for the petroleum hydrocarbons. In addition, the relative high contents of even n-alkanes and low Carbon Preference Indices indicated that the n-alkanes were mainly derived from bacteria or algae. For GDGTs, the predominance of GDGT-0 and crenarchaeol, together with low GDGT-0/Crenarchaeol ratios(ranging from0.86 to 1.64), suggests that the GDGTs in samples from the southern Mariana Trench were mainly derived from planktic Thaumarchaeota. However, the high GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio(10.5) in sample BC07 suggests that the GDGTs probably were introduced by methanogens in a more anoxic environment. Furthermore, the n-alkanes C_(19)-C_(22) and the n-fatty acids C_(20:0)-C_(22:0) were depleted in^(13)C by 3‰ compared to n-alkanes C_(16)-C_(18) and the n-fatty acids C_(14:0)-C_(18:0), respectively, which was interpreted to result from the preferential reaction of fatty acid fragments with carbon "lighter" terminal carboxyl groups during carbon chain elongation from the precursors to products. The abundance of total alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols and total lipids were generally increased along the down-going seaward plate, suggesting the lateral organic matter inputs play an important role in organic matter accumulation in hadal trenches. The extremely high contents of biomarkers in sample BC11 were most likely related to trench topography and current dynamics, since the lower steepness caused by graben texture and proximity to the trench axis may result in higher sedimentation rate. This paper, for the first time, showed the biomarker patterns in surface sediments of the Mariana Trench and shed light on biogeochemistry of the hardly reached trench environment.

Human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brainderived neurotrophic factor for optic nerve injury: a biomechanical evaluation

Treatment for optic nerve injury by brain-derived neurotrophic factor or the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells has gained progress, but analysis by biomechanical indicators is rare. Rabbit models of optic nerve injury were established by a clamp. At 7 days after injury, the vitreous body received a one-time injection of 50 μg brain-derived neurotrophic factor or 1 × 10^6 human umbilical cord blood stem cells. After 30 days, the maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, elastic limit load, elastic limit stress, and elastic limit strain had clearly improved in rabbit models of optical nerve injury after treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or human umbilical cord blood stem cells. The damage to the ultrastructure of the optic nerve had also been reduced. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor effectively repair the injured optical nerve, improve biomechanical properties, and contribute to the recovery after injury.