Study on Electrokinetic Remediation of Cadmium-contaminated Soil

In order to improve electrokinetic remediation efficiency of cadmium-contaminated soil,the effects of electric field intensity,remediation time and electrolyte on removal rate of total Cd in Cd-contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation were studied through the preparation of Cd-contaminated soil and the construction of electrokinetic remediation equipment. The results showed that under the same condition,with the electric field intensity increasing from 2. 5 to 3 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate increased by 10. 62%,and with the increase of the electric field intensity from 3 to 3. 5 V/cm,the removal rate increased by 1. 87%;when the remediation time was prolonged from 72 to 96 h,the removal rate of total Cd increased by 6. 68%,and with the remediation time prolonged from 96 to120 h,the removal rate of total Cd increased by 8. 75%; and with the remediation time prolonged from 120 to 144 h,the removal rate of total Cd only increased by1. 07%. Compared with citric acid as the electrolyte,the acetic acid group improved the remediation efficiency by 12. 14% and the total energy consumption by62. 13%,while the hydrochloric acid group improved the remediation efficiency by 18. 04% and the total energy consumption by 187. 9%. Comprehensively from total Cd removal rate and energy consumption,the remediation effect was the best under the electric field intensity of 3 V/cm and the electrokinetic time of 120 h with acetic acid as the electrolyte,which achieved a total Cd removal rate of 41. 95%.

Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.

Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with emergency sepsis

BACKGROUND Emergency sepsis is a common and serious infectious disease,and its prognosis is influenced by a number of factors.AIM To analyse the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with emergency sepsis in order to provide a basis for individualised patient treatment and care.By retrospectively analysing the clinical data collected,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of factors such as age,gender,underlying disease,etiology and site of infection,inflammatory indicators,multi-organ failure,cardiovascular function,therapeutic measures,immune status and severity of infection.METHODS Data collection:Clinical data were collected from patients diagnosed with acute sepsis,including basic information,laboratory findings,medical history and treatment options.Variable selection:Variables associated with prognosis were selected,including age,gender,underlying disease,etiology and site of infection,inflammatory indicators,multi-organ failure,cardiovascular function,treatment measures,immune status and severity of infection.Data analysis:The data collected are analysed using appropriate statistical methods such as multiple regression analysis and survival analysis.The impact of each factor on prognosis was assessed according to prognostic indicators,such as survival,length of stay and complication rates.RESULTS Descriptive statistics:Descriptive statistics were performed on the data collected from the patients,including their basic characteristics and clinical presentation.CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes mellitus were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

MnO_2催化剂用于催化氧化含氯芳香烃的形貌效应与反应机制研究（英文）

含氯挥发性有机物(Chlorinated VOCs)被广泛应用于工业、农业、医药、有机合成等领域,在使用过程中会通过挥发、泄漏、废气排放等途径进入大气环境中,造成臭氧层破坏与光化学烟雾,且很难被生物降解,对人体具有很强的"三致"效应.在众多治理方法中,催化燃烧因高效低能耗的特点而被认为是具有应用前景的含氯VOCs处理方式,然而催化剂中毒以及毒副产物生成极大限制了该技术的工业应用.锰基催化剂由于价格低廉、来源广泛以及价态多变等特点被广泛应用于环境催化领域,包括甲醛、甲苯、CO催化氧化以及选择性催化还原脱硝等.MnO_2的晶体形貌与其催化性能息息相关,二者的构效关系已有广泛研究,但在含氯VOCs催化氧化中,MnO_2的形貌特征与催化活性、反应稳定性、副产物等的关系尚不明晰.因此,本文通过水热法制备了纳米棒状γ-MnO_2,纳米管状α-MnO_2以及具有层状结构的δ-MnO_2,系统研究了这三种形貌结构在氯苯催化氧化中的反应特征,利用XRD,XPS,TPR,TPD,吡啶-IR等手段对催化剂的形貌、表面元素价态、氧化还原性能以及表面酸性等进行了表征,获得了MnO_2在含氯VOCs催化氧化应用中的构效关系.XRD以及SEM分析结果表明,三种形貌的MnO_2样品均由水热法成功制得.H_2-TPR和O_2-TPD测试分析显示,MnO_2催化剂的氧化还原性能按如下顺序递减δ-MnO_2≥γ-MnO_2>α-MnO_2,与这些催化剂活性测试中的氯苯转化率结果一致,但与其CO_2选择性的结果不一致.氧化还原能力最佳的δ-MnO_2上CO_2选择性表现最差,即使提高温度仍无法提升.XPS结果表明,三种催化剂的Mn元素平均价态高低顺序为δ-MnO_2(3.80)>α-MnO_2(3.75)≥γ-MnO_2(3.74).δ-MnO_2催化剂表面因具有最丰富的Mn^(4+),反应过程中易生成强的Mn-Cl键,从而抑制了Cl与解离水反应生成HCl,导致催化剂富集氯失活,CO_2选择性差.对反应尾气及催化剂表面产物分析后发现,三种MnO_2催化剂均生成了具有更高毒性的多氯副产物,其中主要有CHCl_3,CCl_4,C_2HCl_3,C_2Cl_4等,尤其在α-MnO_2催化剂表面发现了二氯苯存在,其可能通过进一步的亲核取代生成氯苯酚,并最终聚合成二噁英类物质.

Differences in Incubation Length and Hatchling Morphology among Five Species of Oviparous Phrynocephalus Lizards (Agamidae) from China

We incubated eggs of five Phrynocephalus species （P. albolineatus, P. axillaries, P. grumgrzimailoi, P. helioscopus and P. przewalskii） at three constant temperatures （24℃, 28℃ and 32℃） to examine differences in incubation length and hatchling morphology among species and among temperature treatments. We combined data from this study with those reported previously for P. frontalis and P. versicolor to examine whether embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor for interspecific variation in incubation length, and whether the phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is consistent with the relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data. Mean values for incubation length differed among the five species studied herein and, in all these five species, incubation length decreased at a decreasing rate as temperature increased. In none of the five species did hatchling size （snout-vent length and body mass） and other morphological variables differ among the three temperature treatments. The seven oviparous Phrynocephalus lizards found in China differ from each other in hatchling morphology, and embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor of inter- and intra-specific variation in incubation length. The phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is not always consistent with the currently known relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data. Data from this study and those reported previously allow the conclusion that any Phrynocephalus species may have its unique position along the axis defined by hatchling morphology.

A New Index Developed for Fast Diagnosis of Meteorological Roles in Ground-Level Ozone Variations

China experienced worsening ground-level ozone(O_(2)) pollution from 2013 to 2019. In this study, meteorological parameters, including surface temperature(T_(2)), solar radiation(SW), and wind speed(WS), were classified into two aspects,(1) Photochemical Reaction Condition(PRC = T_(2)× SW) and(2) Physical Dispersion Capacity(PDC = WS). In this way, a Meteorology Synthetic Index(MSI = PRC/PDC) was developed for the quantification of meteorology-induced ground-level O_(2)pollution. The positive linear relationship between the 90 th percentile of MDA8(maximum daily 8-h average) O_(2)concentration and MSI determined that the contribution of meteorological changes to ground-level O-3 varied on a latitudinal gradient, decreasing from ~40% in southern China to 10%–20% in northern China. Favorable photochemical reaction conditions were more important for ground-level O_(2)pollution. This study proposes a universally applicable index for fast diagnosis of meteorological roles in ground-level O_(2)variability, which enables the assessment of the observed effects of precursor emissions reductions that can be used for designing future control policies.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Copper (II) Complex with Acetylenedicarboxylate and 2, 2′-Bipyridine

The title compound [Cu （ADC） （2, 2＇-bipy）]n （ADC = C2 （COO）2^2.） was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, respectively. The analysis of the crystal structure reveals that the copper atom is five-coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of 2, 2＇-bipy and three oxygen atoms of different acetylenedicarboxylate dianions. ADC as bridging ligands link the Cu （Ⅱ） ions, forming coordination polymer structure.

Study on CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 Catalytic Ozonation of Resorcinol

In order to improve the catalytic ozonation effect of resorcinol, the spinel CuFe_2O_4 was modified by doped CeO_2, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used for characterization analysis. The effects of composite catalyst CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 dosage, ozone dosage, initial pH and reaction temperature on degradation were studied, and the stability of the catalyst was tested. The results showed that the composite effect of CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 prepared by combustion method was good, and the catalyst presented a laminated structure, in which 30 wt% CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 degradation effect was significant. The removal rate of resorcinol using CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 composite catalyst was higher than that using ozone or CuFe_2O_4 separately by 41.8% and 11.9%, respectively. In a reaction with resorcinol concentration of 100 mg/L, the catalyst dosage of 1.0 g/L, the ozone dosage of 2.5 mg/(L·min), at pH=9, temperature of 20 ℃, for reaction time of 40 min, the resorcinol removal rate was 88.5%. The catalyst CeO_2/CuFe_2O_4 still showed good degradation effect after repeatedly using for 10 times, and the dissolution rate of metal ions was lower than that of CuFe_2O_4.

“Eastern”Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)and“Western”Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.):Across the Regions

Qian Cao(Radix et Rhizoma Rubiae)is a perennial grass with red and yellow pigments in its roots.It has been used since ancient times for fabric dyeing and painting,and it’s the oldest red dye in both Europe and China.Xi Yang Qian(Rubia tirctorum L.)spread from the East to the West,while Zhong Guo Qian(Rubia cordifolia L.)spread from the West to the East.Both were integral in the development of Chinese and Western color cultures.Nowadays,although it is no longer commonly used in dyes and paints,Qian Cao is still used in clinical medicine as a medicinal herb.

Juglans: Tannin Ink and Magic Formula for Hair Dyeing

1 The introduction of black walnut(Juglans nigra)from North America to Europe Black walnut is a Juglans tree native to the North America plains.It features a tall and dense canopy up to 20 or 30 m high.The timber is dense and hard,making it suitable for woodworks.The natural dark color and beautiful grain are usually preserved in woodworks to reveal its unique chocolate hue.

Looking for Chinese Red:Materia Medica Trade along the Silk Road and Development of Chinese Red Dyestuff

In thousands of years from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,crimson represents sacredness and good fortune in several dynasties and is honored in the hierarchy of colors.Meanwhile,introduction to the exotic Materia Medica for dyeing from the Silk Road trade greatly expands the dyeing category of red color.The exotic red dyestuff is eventually integrated into the red culture of the Central Plains through the localization process.Therefore,it becomes the color symbol on behalf of Chinese nation.

A New Simple Route to ZnS Quantized Particles with Tunable Size and Shape, and Size/Shape-Dependent Optical Properties

With the features of convenience and eco-friendly, the low-temperature solid-state reaction synthesis was successfully developed as a new approach to prepare quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals. One major achievement is that the size and shape of ZnS nanocrystals can be tuned by adjusting the surfactant and its feed. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of quasispherical and one-dimensional quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals all showed a blue-shift from the bulk counterpart, indicating large quantum confinement effects of ZnS nanocrystals. These ZnS nanocrystals all showed well-defined excitonic emission features. Contrastive studies on photoluminescence performances indicated that the bandedge emission experienced only the size-dependent quantum confinement effect, while the trap-state emission experienced the size- and shape-dependences. So we can design a purposeful synthesis route to ZnS nanocrystals with target luminescence emission performances.

A Family of Inertial Manifolds for a Class of Asymmetrically Coupled Generalized Higher-Order Kirchhoff Equations

In this paper, we study the inertial manifolds for a class of asymmetrically coupled generalized Higher-order Kirchhoff equations. Under appropriate assumptions, we firstly exist Hadamard’s graph transformation method to structure a graph norm of a Lipschitz continuous function, then we prove the existence of a family of inertial manifolds by showing that the spectral gap condition is true.

The Long-Term Dynamic Behavior of Solutions to a Class of Generalized Higher-Order Kirchhoff-Type Coupled Wave Equations

In this paper, we study the long-term dynamic behavior of a class of generalized high-order Kirchhoff-type coupled wave equations. Firstly, the existence of uniqueness global solution of this kind of equations in Ek space is proved by prior estimation and Galerkin method;Then, through using Rellich-Kondrachov compact embedding theorem, it is proved that the solution semigroup S(t) has the family of the global attractors Ak in space Ek;Finally, through linearization method, proves that the operator semigroup S(t) Frechet differentiable and the attenuation of linearization problem volume element. Furthermore, we can obtain the finite Hausdorff dimension and Fractal dimension of the family of the global attractors Ak.

Investigation of HO_(2) uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama,Japan

The heterogeneous loss of HO_(2)radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry.However,sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO_(2)uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols(γHO_(2))has largely hindered the application of the measuredγHO_(2)to the global spatial prediction.Here we induced an offine method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO_(2)uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city,a regional urban site near Tokyo,Japan.By controlling the dominating parameters which infuenceγHO_(2),we were able to investigate the detailed HO_(2)uptake mechanism.We characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols,including organics,inorganics,transition metals ions,etc.and modeledγHO_(2)using different mechanisms.Results show thatγHO_(2)increased with the increase in RH,and the aerosol states(“dry”or wet/aqueous)have large effects onγHO_(2).With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition,γHO_(2)was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with[HO_(2)]_0.By combing the measuredγHO_(2)values with the modeled ones,we found that both the HO_(2)self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predictγHO_(2),and different chemical compositions may have collective effects onγHO_(2).Results may serve for extending theγHO_(2)values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions,which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation(i.e.,ozone).

Expert consensus on the use of human serum albumin in critically ill patients

Introduction Human serum albumin(HSA)is a non-glycosylated,negatively charged,single-chain polypeptide composed of 585 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 66.438 kD.It is synthesized by the liver at a rate of approximately 200 mg·kg^(-1)·day^(-1),with a half-life of 21 days,and subjected to catabolism in the muscles,liver,and kidneys at a rate of 4%per day.[1]Albumin,accounting for 60%of the total plasma protein,has various physiological functions,[2]such as maintaining 70%to 80%of effective plasma colloid osmotic pressure,coordinating vascular endothelial integrity,anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,maintaining the acidbase balance,and participating in the transport,distribution,and metabolism of a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances.

Preliminary identification of key miRNAs, signaling pathways, and genes associated with Hirschsprung's disease by analysis of tissue microRNA expression profiles

Background:Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gut motility disorder of infants,and if left untreated,it is fatal to the affected infants.This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs),signaling pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR.Methods:The miRNA microarray dataset GSE77296 was downloaded.Nine colon tissue samples were available:six from HSCR patients and three matched control samples.Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified after data preprocessing.Target genes of the selected upregulated and downregulated DEMs were predicted.In addition,functional enrichment analyses for the selected DEMs and target genes were conducted.Finally,interaction networks between the DEMs and target genes were constructed.Results:A total of 162 DEMs (73 upregulated and 89 downregulated) were obtained.A total of 2511 DEM-target gene pairs for the 40 selected DEMs were identified,including 1645 pairs for the upregulated DEMs and 866 pairs for the downregulated DEMs.The upregulated DEM miR-141-3p and down-regulated DEM miR-30a-3p were identified as key miRNAs by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and network analyses.Besides,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that pathways in cancer and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were key pathways.The key genes frizzled class receptor 3 (FZD3) and docking protein 6 (DOK6) were obtained through the DEM-target gene interaction networks.Conclusion:Two key miRNAs (miR-141-3p and miR-30a-3p),the MAPK signaling pathway and two key genes (FZD3 and DOK6) were implicated in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

Direct identification of total and missing OH reactivities from light-duty gasoline vehicle exhaust in China based on LP-LIF measurement

Considerable efforts have been devoted to characterising the chemical components of vehicle exhaust.However,these components may not accurately reflect the contribution of vehicle exhaust to atmospheric reactivity because of the presence of species not accounted for(“missing species”)given the limitations of analytical instruments.In this study,we improved the laser photolysis–laser-induced fluorescence(LP-LIF)technique and applied it to directly measure the total OH reactivity(TOR)in exhaust gas from light-duty gasoline vehicles in China.The TOR for China Ⅰ to Ⅵ-a vehicles was 15.6,16.3,8.4,2.6,1.5,and 1.6×10^(4) sec^(-1),respectively,reflecting a notable drop as emission standards were upgraded.The TOR was comparable between cold and warm starts.The missing OH reactivity(MOR)values for China Ⅰ to Ⅳ vehicles were close to zero with a cold start but were much higher with a warm start.The variations in oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)under different emission standards and for the two start conditions were similar to those of the MOR,indicating that OVOCs and the missing species may have similar production processes.Online measurement revealed that the duration of the stable driving stage was the primary factor leading to the production of OVOCs and missing species.Our findings underscore the importance of direct measurement of TOR from vehicle exhaust and highlight the necessity of adding OVOCs and other organic reactive gases in future upgrades of emission standards,such that the vehicular contribution to atmospheric reactivity can be more effectively controlled.

Advances in micro-nano biosensing platforms for intracellular electrophysiology

The establishment of a dependable electrophysiological detection platform is paramount for cardiology and neuroscience research.In the past decade,devices based on micro and nanoscale sensing and control technologies have been developed to construct electrophysiological platforms.Their unique morphological advantages and novel processing methods offer the potential for high-throughput,high-fidelity electrical signal recording.In this review,we analyze the structure,transmembrane strategies,and electrophysiological detection methods of active/passive micro and nano sensing platforms.We also provide an outlook on their vast potential for development in light of the opportunities and challenges facing micro and nano sensing technology,with the aim of pushing for higher-level electrophysiological platform construction to meet the needs of experimental research and clinical applications.

Explicit diagnosis of the local ozone production rate and the ozone-NOx-VOC sensitivities

In the troposphere, ozone is a harmful gas compound to both human health and vegetation. Ozone is produced from the reaction of NO_x(@NO + NO_2) and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) with light. Due to the highly nonlinear relationships between ozone and its precursors, proper ozone mitigation relies on the knowledge of chemical mechanisms. In this study, an observation-based method is used to simulate ozone formation and elucidate its controlling factors for a rural site on the North China Plain. The instantaneous ozone production rate is calculated utilizing a box model using the dataset obtained from the Wangdu campaign. First, the model was operated in a time-dependent mode to calculate the ozone production rate at each time stamp. The calculated ozone formation rate showed a diurnal average maximum value of 17 ppbv/h(1-h diurnal averaged). The contribution of individual peroxy radicals to ozone production was analyzed. In addition, the functional dependence of calculated P(O_3) reveals that ozone production was in a NO_x-limited regime during the campaign. Furthermore, the missing peroxy radical source will further extend NO_x-limited conditions to earlier in the day, making NO_xlimitation dominate more of a day than the current chemical model predicts. Finally, a multiple scenarios mode,also known as EKMA(empirical kinetic modeling approach), was used to simulate the response of P(O_3) to the imaginary change in precursor concentrations. We found that ozone production was in the NO_x-limited region. However, the use of NO_2 measured by the molybdenum converter and/or the absence of a peroxy radical source in the current chemical model could over-emphasize the VOC-limited effect on ozone production.