后疫情时代信息科学发展的新机遇——韩国延世大学图书馆与信息科学系前系主任Min Song教授学术访谈

【受访人简介】Min Song教授自2014年起被任命为韩国延世大学安德伍德杰出教授(Underwood Distinguished Professor of Yonsei University),现任延世大学发展战略研究院副院长,曾任延世大学图书馆与信息科学系主任。在此之前,Min Song教授是新泽西理工学院终身副教授。他曾在韩国延世大学获得学士学位,在印第安纳大学获得硕士学位,在德雷塞尔大学获得信息科学博士学位。他是Scientometrics和Journal of Informetrics的编辑委员会成员,同时担任Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics和Data&Knowledge Engineering的副主编。近期,Min Song教授入选韩国国家研究基金会"2020年人文社会科学优秀学者计划"。

Effects of insulin aspart and metformin on gestational diabetes mellitus and inflammatory markers

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin secretion during pregnancy.Patients with GDM have a high risk of pregnancy complications,which can adversely affect both maternal and fetal health.Therefore,early diagnosis,treatment and monitoring of GDM are essential.In recent years,a new treatment scheme represented by insulin aspart combined with metformin has received increasing attention.AIM To explore the effects of insulin aspart combined with metformin on patients with GDM and inflammatory markers.METHODS From April 2020 to September 2022,124 patients with GDM in Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children’s Medical Center were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The control group(CG)comprised 62 patients treated with insulin aspart alone,and 62 patients treated with insulin aspart and metformin formed the observation group(OG).Before and after treatment,improvement of blood-glucose-related indexes[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-h postprandial glucose(2h PG)and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)],serum related factor[serum homocysteine(Hcy)],serum inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6 and C-reactive protein(CRP)]were compared between the two groups.The clinical efficacy,adverse pregnancy outcomes and incidence of pregnancy complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment,the levels of FBG,2h PG,HbA1c,Hcy,TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP in both groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of FBG,2h PG,HbA1c,Hcy,TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP in the OG were lower than in the CG(P<0.05).The total clinical effectiveness in the OG was higher than that in the CG(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications in the OG was significantly lower than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Insulin aspart combined with metformin are effective for treatment of GDM,which can reduce blood-glucoserelated indexes,Hcy and serum inflammatory cytokines,and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications.

Advances of Synergistic Electrocatalysis Between Single Atoms and Nanoparticles/Clusters

Combining single atoms with clusters or nanoparticles is an emerging tactic to design efficient electrocatalysts.Both synergy effect and high atomic utilization of active sites in the composite catalysts result in enhanced electrocatalytic performance,simultaneously provide a radical analysis of the interrelationship between structure and activity.In this review,the recent advances of single-atomic site catalysts coupled with clusters or nanoparticles are emphasized.Firstly,the synthetic strategies,characterization,dynamics and types of single atoms coupled with clusters/nanoparticles are introduced,and then the key factors controlling the structure of the composite catalysts are discussed.Next,several clean energy catalytic reactions performed over the synergistic composite catalysts are illustrated.Eventually,the encountering challenges and recommendations for the future advancement of synergistic structure in energy-transformation electrocatalysis are outlined.

Phase transformation in titanium alloys:A review

Due to a series of exceptional properties,titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years.Different from other alloy systems,there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys.By summarizing the recent investigations,the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed.For the phase transformation only involvingαandβphases,it can be divided intoβ→αtransformation and a reverse transformation.The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship betweenαandβphases and the regulation ofαmorphology.For the latter transformation,the role of the stress has been discussed.In terms of the metastable phases,the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed.Finally,some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.

Simultaneous determination of indapamide,perindopril and perindoprilat in human plasma or whole blood by UPLC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application

Simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of indapamide, perindopril and its active metabolite perindoprilat in human plasma or whole blood by hyphenated ultra-performance li- quid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. lndapamide-d3, perindopril-d4 and perindoprilat-d4 were used as the internal standards. The separation was performed on a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18 column （4.6 mm × 100 mm, 2.4 μm） for indapamide and perindopril simultaneously following a protein precipitation pretreatment of the biosamples. The separation of perindoprilat was achieved independently on a phenomenex PFP column （4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm）. All the analytes were quantitated with positive electrospray ionization and multiple reactions monitoring mode. The assay exhibited a linear range of 1-250 ng/mL for indapamide, 0.4-100 ng/mL for perindopril and 0.2-20 ng/mL for perindoprilat. The methods were fully validated to meet the requirements for bioassay in accuracy, precision, recovery, reproducibility, stabilities and matrix effects, and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of perindopril tert-butylamine/indapamide compound tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers and the comparative pharmacokinetic study between plasma and whole blood.

Development of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in human plasma

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric（LC —MS/MS）method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel,a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma.A chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C_（18） column following a liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation with methyl t-butyl ether.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） with an electrospray ionization（ESI）mode.The method was validated in terms of specificity,accuracy,precision and limit of quantification.The calibration curves ranged from 0.50 to 50.0 ng/mL with good linearity.The stability was fully validated with addition of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol（DTT） into the plasma sample prior to and in the preparation procedure.The validated method was proved to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel tablets in human subjects,which could make contribution to intensive study of the clinical drug-drug interactions of clopidogrel and individual treatment.

Recent Advances of Electrocatalyst and Cell Design for Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Electrochemical synthesis of H_(2)O_(2) via a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current energy-consuming anthraquinone process. Herein, the progress on electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) generation, including noble metal, transition metalbased, and carbon-based materials, is summarized. At first, the design strategies employed to obtain electrocatalysts with high electroactivity and high selectivity are highlighted. Then, the critical roles of the geometry of the electrodes and the type of reactor in striking a balance to boost the H_(2)O_(2) selectivity and reaction rate are systematically discussed. After that, a potential strategy to combine the complementary properties of the catalysts and the reactor for optimal selectivity and overall yield is illustrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities for highefficient H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical production are highlighted for future studies.

High-entropy L1_(2)-Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)_(3) intermetallics for ultrastable oxygen reduction reaction

Enhancing the stability of Pt-based electrocatalysts for the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is critical for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Herein,high-entropy intermetallic(HEI)L1_(2)-Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3is designed for durable ORR catalysis.Benefiting from the unique HEI structure and the enhanced intermetallic phase stability,Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3/C nanoparticles demonstrate significantly improved stability over Pt/C and PtCu_(3)/C catalysts.The Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3/C exhibits a negligible decay of the half-wave potential during 30,000 potential cycles from 0.6 to 1.0 V,whereas Pt/C and PtCu_(3)/C are negatively shifted by 46 and 36 m V,respectively.Even after 10,000 cycles at potential up to 1.5 V,the mass activity of Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3/C still shows~70%retention.As evidenced by the structural characterizations,the HEI structure of Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3/C is well maintained,while PtCu_(3)/C nanoparticles undergo severe Cu leaching and particle growth.In addition,when assembled Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3/C as the cathode in high-temperature PEMFC of 160℃,the H_(2)-O_(2)fuel cell delivers almost no degradation even after operating for 150 h,demonstrating the potential for fuel cell applications.This work provides a facile design strategy for the development of high-performance ultrastable electrocatalysts.

Incidence and psychological-behavioral characteristics of refractory functional dyspepsia:A large, multi-center, prospective investigation from China

AIM:To explore the incidence and psychological and behavioral characteristics of refractory functional dyspepsia(RFD)in China.METHODS:The subjects of this study were 1341 new outpatients with functional dyspepsia(FD)who were diagnosed according to the RomeⅢcriteria at four hospitals in Guangdong Province between June and September 2012,and 100 healthy volunteers.All subjects completed questionnaires and scales administered.RESULTS:Three-hundred and twenty-seven of the 1341patients with FD had RFD(24.4%).Patients with RFD had a longer disease duration and a more severe form of the disease than patients with non-refractory FD(NRFD).The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was higher in patients with RFD than in patients with NRFD.The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors,lack of physical activity,and sleeping disorders was higher in patients with RFD than in patients with NRFD.Patients with RFD sought medical advice on more occasions and spent more money on treatment than patients with NRFD.Finally,patients with RFD had poorer quality of life than patients with NRFD.CONCLUSION:RFD is not rare in clinical practice and should get attention by patients and doctors because of its long duration,severe symptoms,and associations with abnormal psychology and poor quality of life.

Comparative study of histopathology changes between the PS1/APP double transgenic mouse model and Aβ_(1-40)-injected rat model of Alzheimer disease

Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenie mouse model, then to analyse the histopathological changes in the brain and compare the differences between the transgenie mice models and Aβ1-40-injeeted rats models of Alzheimer disease. Methods The modified congo red staining, Nissl＇s staining and immunohistology staining was used to observe the Aβ deposits, activation of astrocyte respectively. Results ①The PS1/APP transgenic mouse extensively displayed Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampal structures, and GFAP positive cells were aggregated in mass and surrounded the congo red-positive plaque. ②The Aβ1-40-intrahippocmnpal-injeeted rat model showed the Aβ plaque deposits in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the astrocyte surrounded. The neurons loss was significant in the injection point and pin hole of injection with Nissl＇s staining methods. GFAP-positive cells increased significantly compared with the uninjected lateral of the hippocampus. Conclusion Although Aβ1-40-injected rat models could simulate some characteristic pathological features of human Alzheimer diseases, Aβ deposits and neurons loss in partial hippocampal, it would not simulate the progressive degenenration in the brain of AD. The double transgenie PS1/APP mice could simulate the specific pathogenesis and progressive changes of AD, mainly is Aβ deposits and the spongiocyte response , while no neurons loss were observed in this model.

Dynamic recrystallization,texture and mechanical properties of high Mg content Al−Mg alloy deformed by high strain rate rolling

The Al−Mg alloy with high Mg addition(Al−9.2Mg−0.8Mn−0.2Zr-0.15Ti,in wt.%)was subjected to different passes(1,2 and 4)of high strain rate rolling(HSRR),with the total thickness reduction of 72%,the rolling temperature of 400℃and strain rate of 8.6 s^(−1).The microstructure evolution was studied by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The alloy that undergoes 2 passes of HSRR exhibits an obvious bimodal grain structure,in which the average grain sizes of the fine dynamic recrystallization(DRX)grains and the coarse non-DRX regions are 6.4 and 47.7mm,respectively.The high strength((507±9)MPa)and the large ductility((24.9±1.3)%)are obtained in the alloy containing the bimodal grain distribution.The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)mechanism is the prominent grain refinement mechanism in the alloy subjected to 2 passes of HSRR.

Analysis of bacitracin and its related substances by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A suitable liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric(LC–Q-TOF–MS) method was developed for separation and characterization of related substances in bacitracin test drug. The separation was performed on Li Chrospher RP-18 column using methanol as mobile phase A and 0.2% ammonium acetate buffer solution as mobile phase B in gradient elution. A total of 12 related substances were detected through high resolution mass spectrometric determination in a positive electrospray ionization mode. They were identified as co-existing active components and degradation products of bacitracin through the analysis and elucidation of both the protonated parents and the product ions of all the related substances and their fragmentation pathways were also proposed.

Strong-yet-ductile Ti−Zr alloys through high concentration of oxygen strengthening

Ti−Zr alloys(oxygen content 0.42−0.54 wt.%)were prepared via powder metallurgy and hot working.The results indicate that the Ti−Zr alloys exhibit Zr-rich and Zr-lean areas with the sameα-phase structure,and the Zr-rich area shows a slightly higher oxygen content and a much finer grain size.The Ti−Zr alloys present a good combination of high strength(σs=700−900 MPa)and total elongation(>20%),and solid solution strengthening of oxygen plays a major role.Zr does not influence much the oxygen-induced brittleness due to its high structural similarity to Ti.Therefore,the high value of 0.54 wt.%is still within the critical oxygen content for the ductile-to-brittle transition of Ti and does not degrade the ductility.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA)improves intestinal barrier function associated with TGR5-MLCK pathway and the alteration of serum metabolites and gut bacteria in weaned piglets

Background:Tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA),a hydrophilic bile acid,is the main medicinal component of bear bile and is commonly used to treat a variety of hepatobiliary diseases.Meanwhile,TUDCA has been shown to modulate the intestinal barrier function and alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice.However,the effect of TUDCA on the intestinal barrier of weaned piglets remains largely unclear.Methods:The weaned piglets and porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells were used to investigate the effects of TUDCA on intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets and explore the possible underlying mechanisms.In vivo,72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to their gender and body weight,and piglets were fed the basal diet with 0(control,CON)and 200 mg/kg TUDCA for 30 d,respectively.Three female and three male piglets reflecting the average bodyweight were slaughtered in each group and samples were collected.In vitro,IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to 100μmol/L TUDCA to explore the possible underlying mechanisms.Results:Our results demonstrated that dietary TUDCA supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets,possibly attributing to the TUDCA-enhanced intestinal barrier function and immunity.In addition,TUDCA supplementation altered serum metabolites and the relative abundance of certain gut bacteria,which might contribute to the improved intestinal barrier function.Furthermore,the in-vitro results showed that TUDCA improved the E.coli-induced epithelial barrier impairment of IPEC-J2 cells and increased Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5(TGR5)protein expression.However,knockdown of TGR5 and inhibition of myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)pathway abolished the TUDCA-improved epithelial barrier impairment in E.coli-treated IPEC-J2 cells,indicating the involvement of TGR5-MLCK in this process.Conclusions:These findings showed that TUDCA improved intestinal barrier function associated with TGR5-MLCK pathway and the alteration of serum metabolites and gut bacteria in weaned piglets,suggesting the potential application of TUDCA in improving gut health in piglet production.

Effects of Cu content on microstructures and compressive mechanical properties of CNTs/Al-Cu composites

The carbon nanotubes(CNTs) reinforced Al-Cu matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering and hot rolling, and the effects of Cu content on the interfacial reaction between Al and CNTs, the precipitation behavior of Cu-containing precipitates, and the resultant mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. The results showed that the increase of Cu content can not only increase the number and size of Cu-containing precipitate generated during the composite fabrication processes, but also promote the interfacial reaction between CNTs and Al matrix, leading to the intensified conversion of CNTs into Al_(4)C_(3). As a result, the composite containing 1 wt.% Cu possesses the highest strength, elastic modulus and hardness among all composites, due to the maintenance of the original structure of CNTs. Moreover, the increase of Cu content can change the dominant strengthening mechanisms for the enhanced strength of the fabricated composites.

Basal stacking fault induced twin boundary gliding,twinning disconnection and twin growth in hcp Ti from the first-principles

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structures and energetics of {101n} coherent twin boundaries(CTBs) and glide twin boundaries(GTBs) in hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Ti. The formation mechanism of GTBs and their correlation with twin growth were fundamentally explored. Results suggested that GTBs can form from the gliding of CTBs, through their interaction with basal stacking fault. The gliding eventually restored the CTB structures by forming a pair of single-layer twinning disconnections. The pile-up of twinning disconnections should be responsible for the wide steps at twin boundaries as observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which can further promote twin growth. Possible effects of various alloying elements on pinning twin boundaries were also evaluated, to guide the strengthening design of Ti alloys.

Impact of simethicone on bowel cleansing during colonoscopy in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Four-liter polyethylene glycol(PEG)solutions are effective for bowel cleansing,but their large volume might hinder patient compliance.Due to the unique features of Asians,4 L PEG might be a suboptimal bowel preparation in predominantly ethnically Asian countries.In view of this,a balance should be achieved between the volume and effectiveness.The ideal bowel cleansing regimen for a colonoscopy has yet to be determined in a Chinese population.AIM To compare the cleansing efficacy of 3 L PEG plus simethicone with 4 L PEG.METHODS A total of 291 patients were randomly allocated to two groups:Group 1(n=145)received 4 L split-dose PEG(4-P);group 2(n=146)received 3 L split-dose PEG plus simethicone(3-PS).Bowel-cleansing efficacy was evaluated by endoscopists using the Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)and the bubbles score.RESULTS Although there were no significant differences in the total BBPS score or the adequate rate of bowel preparation between the two groups,the BBPS score of the right-side colon was significantly higher in the 3-SP group(2.37±0.54 vs 2.21±0.78;P=0.04).Moreover,the use of simethicone significantly reduced bubbles in all colon segments(P<0.001).The mean withdrawal time was significantly shorter in the 3-PS group(8.8±3.4 vs 9.6±2.3;P=0.02).Furthermore,significantly more proximal adenomas were detected in the 3-PS group(53.6%vs 45.7%;P=0.03).In addition,the proportions of patients with nausea and bloating were significantly lower in the 3-SP group(P<0.01 for both).More patients in the 3-PS group expressed willingness to repeat the bowel preparation(87.7%vs 76.6%,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Three-liter PEG shows satisfactory bowel cleansing despite the decrease in dosage,and addition of simethicone with better bubble elimination and enhanced patient acceptance offers excellent potential impact on the detection of proximal adenomas in Chinese patients.

Understanding the Correlations between Social Attention and Topic Trends of Scientific Publications

Purpose： We propose and apply a simplified nowcasting model to understand the correlations between social attention and topic trends of scientific publications. Design/methodology/approach： First, topics are generated from the obesity corpus by using the latent Dirichlet allocation （LDA） algorithm and time series of keyword search trends in Google Trends are obtained. We then establish the structural time series model using data from January 2004 to December 2012, and evaluate the model using data from January 2013. We employ a state-space model to separate different non-regression components in an observational time series （i.e. the tendency and the seasonality） and apply the ＂spike and slab prior＂ and stepwise regression to analyze the correlations between the regression component and the social media attention. The two parts are combined using Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques to obtain our results. Findings： The results of our study show that （1） the number of publications on child obesity increases at a lower rate than that of diabetes publications; （2） the number of publication on a given topic may exhibit a relationship with the season or time of year; and （3） there exists a correlation between the number of publications on a given topic and its social media attention, i.e. the search frequency related to that topic as identified by Google Trends. We found that our model is also able to predict the number of publications related to a given topic.

Clinical observation of capecitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of capecitabine mono-chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods The data from 36 cases of capecitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Oral administration of capecitabine 2000 mg/m^2 twice daily （D1-14） for 21 days constituted a cycle. The effect of the disease and main adverse reactions were evaluated every 2 cycles. Results The data from 36 elderly patients were studied. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4. The total effective rate was 30.6% （11/36） and the disease control rate was 72.2% （26/36）. The number of patients with clinical comptete remission was 2, clinical partial response was 9, stable disease was 15, and progressive disease was 10. Where treatment was effective, the median time to progression was 6 months and the median overall survival was 9.5 months. The main adverse events were gastrointestinal reactions, bone marrow suppression, and oral mucositis; most of the reactions were grade 1 to 2. Grade 3 to 4 adverse reactions included granulocytopenia in 2 patients （12.5%） and hand-foot syndrome in 1 patient （6.7%）. Conclusion Capecitabine monotherapy was effective in controlling disease progression, and adverse reactions were tolerated by elderly patients with advanced breast cancer.

Texture/Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of a Hot and Cold Rolled Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy

The evolutions of texture, microstructure as well as mechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during hot and cold rolling were investigated by TEM, EBSD and X-ray diffraction in this study. The results revealed that formation of sub-grain boundaries and //RD fiber texture after hot rolling is beneficial to the increase of the elongation of the alloy. The shear texture of //RD fiber and γ-fiber occupies a dominant role during the hot rolling process, while the main texture during the cold rolling process is the rolling texture of β-fiber. β-fiber and τ-fiber texture components are identified as two main types of texture components during cold rolling, and the Brass component {011} is transformed into Goss component {011} with the increase of the deformation.