Nelumbo Nucifera leaf extract attenuated pancreatic β-cells toxicity induced by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, and increased insulin secrection of pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of Nelumbo Nucifera leaf water extract （NNLE） on insulinoma （RIN） cells induced by interleukin-1β （1L-1β） and interferon-g （IFN-γ）, and injured pancreatic β-cells induced by Streptozotocin （STZ） in rats. METHODS： The anti-oxidative effects of NNLE were assessed using 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） and nitric oxide （NO） scavenging assays. The inhibitory effect of NNLE on a-glucosidase and DPP （dipeptidyl peptidase）-IV was measured in vitro. Pancreatic 1β-cell protective and insulin secretory effects were assessed, using 1L-1β and IFN-γ-inducedrat RIN cells. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 50, 100, and 400 mg/kg NNLE for 4 weeks. The effects of NNLE on blood glucose （BG）, body weight （BW）, and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS： NNLE inhibited DPPH, NO, aglucosidase, and DPP-Ⅳ which were directly linked to the function of β-cells. Furthermore, NNLE protected RIN cells from toxicity induced by 11-11β and IFN-γ, decreased NO production, and increased insulin secretion. NNLE caused a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, it significantly decreased BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that NNLE reduced the toxicity in insulinoma cells and increased insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Fitbit在抑郁症的行为激活疗法中的可接受性：一项定性研究

前言重度抑郁症的特征是情绪低落和缺乏动力。文献表明，增加身体活动对缓解抑郁症有积极作用。健康追踪设备可以补充行为激活（BA）疗法，以改善抑郁症患者的身体活动和心理健康。目的了解患者从Fitbit获得的好处并探索与患者体验相关的主题。比较感知的益处、患者因素、Fitbit使用情况和贝克的抑郁量表（BDI）得分。方法对患者（n=36）进行的半结构式访谈，这些患者均已在情绪障碍门诊中完成了为期28周的行为激活项目。所有的患者都被要求携带一个Fitbit One设备。我们对访谈进行了专题分析，并对患者特征、Fitbit使用情况、记录的步数、感知到的好处和BDI评分进行了探索性的定量分析。结果23名患者认为Fitbit对他们的身体活动很有帮助。积极经历的主题包括自我意识、同伴激励和目标设定的机会。负面主题包括不便、不准确和不感兴趣。年龄、基线和BDI得分的变化、先前的身体活动目标和对技术的熟悉程度与Fitbit的感知收益或使用度无相关性。感知收益与使用度显著相关（P〈0．01）。结论总的来说，Fitbit是一个用于补充抑郁症患者的行为激活疗法可以接受的工具。许多积极的主题与当前的文献一致；然而，患者也报告了可能影响使用的负面因素。临床意义临床医生和研究者在应用运动追踪器来刺激抑郁症患者时应该同时考虑其优势和局限性。