目的分析中国1990年与2019年病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis,VE)疾病负担的变化状况,并与同期全球数据进行对比,为我国制定有效的VE防治策略提供参考。方法采用2019年全球疾病负担研究(The Global Burden of Diseases 2019,GBD 2019)数...目的分析中国1990年与2019年病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis,VE)疾病负担的变化状况,并与同期全球数据进行对比,为我国制定有效的VE防治策略提供参考。方法采用2019年全球疾病负担研究(The Global Burden of Diseases 2019,GBD 2019)数据,分析VE的发病率、患病率、死亡率、伤残损失健康寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、死亡损失健康寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率及其标化率,并对比全球变化情况。结果2019年,中国VE发病率为15.27/10万、患病率为74.34/10万、死亡率为0.24/10万、YLD率为7.29/10万、YLL率为13.40/10万,与1990年相比,分别下降27.18%、33.42%、70.00%、40.29%及78.56%。2019年,中国除标化死亡率、YLL率外,其余标化指标均超全球水平。2019年,中国男性标化发病率、患病率、死亡率、YLD率及YLL率分别为22.81/10万、73.74/10万、0.34/10万、7.46/10万、22.26/10万,均高于同期女性。与1990年相似,2019年中国0~4岁人群VE的发病率、死亡率均较其他年龄组高,50岁以上人群发病率、死亡率呈逐渐升高趋势。结论截至2019年,我国VE的疾病负担整体水平较高,在积极降低感染风险的同时,也应重视疾病初期的实验室检查,早发现早治疗以控制病情发展,重点关注儿童和老年男性群体。展开更多
Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an inc...Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.展开更多
A single-photon interferometer is a fundamental element in quantum information science.In most previously reported works,single-photon interferometers use an active feedback locking system to stabilize the relative ph...A single-photon interferometer is a fundamental element in quantum information science.In most previously reported works,single-photon interferometers use an active feedback locking system to stabilize the relative phase between two arms of the interferometer.Here,we use a pair of beam displacers to construct a passively stable single-photon interferometer.The relative phase stabilization between the two arms is achieved by stabilizing the temperature of the beam displacers.A purely polarized single-photon-level pulse is directed into the interferometer input port.By analyzing and measuring the polarization states of the single-photon pulse at the output port,the achieved polarization fidelity of the interferometer is about 99.1±0.1%.Our passively stabilized single-photon interferometer provides a key element for generating highfidelity entanglement between a photon and atomic memory.展开更多
In the image steganalysis,the training samples often determine the performance of the model when the features and classification are in the same condition.However the existing research on steganalysis lacks the in-dep...In the image steganalysis,the training samples often determine the performance of the model when the features and classification are in the same condition.However the existing research on steganalysis lacks the in-depth study of the classifier's training method which may deeply influence the detection performance.This paper provides an optimization of universal steganalysis based on the boundary samples classification concerning about image steganalysis.This paper proposes a strategy of selecting boundary samples in steganalysis and divides the training samples into good samples,poor samples and boundary samples three categories and then chose the optimal threshold to get boundary samples through experiments.The experimental results show the effectiveness of boundary sample,which dramatically improve detection capability especially for the low embedding rate Stego-image.展开更多
The critical characteristics of adiabatic shearfracture （ASF） that induce the formation of isolated seg-ment chip in high-speed machining was further investi-gated. Based on the saturation limit theory, combining wi...The critical characteristics of adiabatic shearfracture （ASF） that induce the formation of isolated seg-ment chip in high-speed machining was further investi-gated. Based on the saturation limit theory, combining withthe stress and deformation conditions and the modifiedJohnson-Cook constitutive relation, the theoretical predic-tion model of ASF was established. The predicted criticalcutting speeds of ASF in high-speed machining ofa hardened carbon steel and a stainless steel were verifiedthrough the chip morphology observations at various neg-ative rake angles and feeds. The influences of the cuttingparameters and thermal-mechanical variables on theoccurrence of ASF were discussed. It was concluded thatthe critical cutting speed of ASF in the hardened carbonsteel was higher than that in the stainless steel under alarger feed and a lower negative rake angle. The proposedprediction model of ASF could predict reasonable results ina wide cutting speed range, facilitating the engineeringapplications in high-speed cutting operations.展开更多
文摘目的分析中国1990年与2019年病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis,VE)疾病负担的变化状况,并与同期全球数据进行对比,为我国制定有效的VE防治策略提供参考。方法采用2019年全球疾病负担研究(The Global Burden of Diseases 2019,GBD 2019)数据,分析VE的发病率、患病率、死亡率、伤残损失健康寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、死亡损失健康寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率及其标化率,并对比全球变化情况。结果2019年,中国VE发病率为15.27/10万、患病率为74.34/10万、死亡率为0.24/10万、YLD率为7.29/10万、YLL率为13.40/10万,与1990年相比,分别下降27.18%、33.42%、70.00%、40.29%及78.56%。2019年,中国除标化死亡率、YLL率外,其余标化指标均超全球水平。2019年,中国男性标化发病率、患病率、死亡率、YLD率及YLL率分别为22.81/10万、73.74/10万、0.34/10万、7.46/10万、22.26/10万,均高于同期女性。与1990年相似,2019年中国0~4岁人群VE的发病率、死亡率均较其他年龄组高,50岁以上人群发病率、死亡率呈逐渐升高趋势。结论截至2019年,我国VE的疾病负担整体水平较高,在积极降低感染风险的同时,也应重视疾病初期的实验室检查,早发现早治疗以控制病情发展,重点关注儿童和老年男性群体。
文摘Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174235)Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction。
文摘A single-photon interferometer is a fundamental element in quantum information science.In most previously reported works,single-photon interferometers use an active feedback locking system to stabilize the relative phase between two arms of the interferometer.Here,we use a pair of beam displacers to construct a passively stable single-photon interferometer.The relative phase stabilization between the two arms is achieved by stabilizing the temperature of the beam displacers.A purely polarized single-photon-level pulse is directed into the interferometer input port.By analyzing and measuring the polarization states of the single-photon pulse at the output port,the achieved polarization fidelity of the interferometer is about 99.1±0.1%.Our passively stabilized single-photon interferometer provides a key element for generating highfidelity entanglement between a photon and atomic memory.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61373169 and 61272453)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.0110141130006)
文摘In the image steganalysis,the training samples often determine the performance of the model when the features and classification are in the same condition.However the existing research on steganalysis lacks the in-depth study of the classifier's training method which may deeply influence the detection performance.This paper provides an optimization of universal steganalysis based on the boundary samples classification concerning about image steganalysis.This paper proposes a strategy of selecting boundary samples in steganalysis and divides the training samples into good samples,poor samples and boundary samples three categories and then chose the optimal threshold to get boundary samples through experiments.The experimental results show the effectiveness of boundary sample,which dramatically improve detection capability especially for the low embedding rate Stego-image.
文摘The critical characteristics of adiabatic shearfracture （ASF） that induce the formation of isolated seg-ment chip in high-speed machining was further investi-gated. Based on the saturation limit theory, combining withthe stress and deformation conditions and the modifiedJohnson-Cook constitutive relation, the theoretical predic-tion model of ASF was established. The predicted criticalcutting speeds of ASF in high-speed machining ofa hardened carbon steel and a stainless steel were verifiedthrough the chip morphology observations at various neg-ative rake angles and feeds. The influences of the cuttingparameters and thermal-mechanical variables on theoccurrence of ASF were discussed. It was concluded thatthe critical cutting speed of ASF in the hardened carbonsteel was higher than that in the stainless steel under alarger feed and a lower negative rake angle. The proposedprediction model of ASF could predict reasonable results ina wide cutting speed range, facilitating the engineeringapplications in high-speed cutting operations.
