AIM: To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB) in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata (AE) on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METH...AIM: To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB) in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata (AE) on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS: C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control (CTL) diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase (OGT), N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (OGA), O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS: AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness (P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM) and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM), glial activation, and active caspase-3 (P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM) were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas (P〈0.0001 vs CTL), and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls (P〈0.0001 vs CTL). AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia (P〈0.0001 vs DM). CONCLUSION: O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
The suitable materials,metal nitrides,are a promising class of electrocatalyst materials for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because they exhibit superior intrinsic conductivity and have higher sust...The suitable materials,metal nitrides,are a promising class of electrocatalyst materials for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because they exhibit superior intrinsic conductivity and have higher sustainability than oxide-based materials.To our knowledge,for the first time,we report a designable synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) and mesoporous Co3N@ amorphous N-doped carbon (AN-C) nanocubes (NCs) with well-controlled open-framework structures via monodispersed Co3[Co(CN)6]2 Prussian blue analogue (PBA) NC precursors using in situ nitridation and calcination processes.Co3N@AN-C NCs (2 h) demonstrate better OER activity with a remarkably low Tafel plot (69.6 mV-dec-1),low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA-crrf2.Additionally,excellent cycling stability in alkaline electrolytes was exhibited without morphological changes and voltage elevations,superior to most reported hierarchical structures of transition-metal nitride particles.The presented strategy for synergy effects of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived transition-metal nitrides-carbon hybrid nanostructures provides prospects for developing high-performance and advanced electrocatalyst materials.展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning 2014049413,NRF-2015R1A5A2008833 and NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037702
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB) in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata (AE) on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS: C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control (CTL) diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase (OGT), N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (OGA), O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS: AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness (P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM) and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM), glial activation, and active caspase-3 (P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM) were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas (P〈0.0001 vs CTL), and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls (P〈0.0001 vs CTL). AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia (P〈0.0001 vs DM). CONCLUSION: O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.
文摘The suitable materials,metal nitrides,are a promising class of electrocatalyst materials for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because they exhibit superior intrinsic conductivity and have higher sustainability than oxide-based materials.To our knowledge,for the first time,we report a designable synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) and mesoporous Co3N@ amorphous N-doped carbon (AN-C) nanocubes (NCs) with well-controlled open-framework structures via monodispersed Co3[Co(CN)6]2 Prussian blue analogue (PBA) NC precursors using in situ nitridation and calcination processes.Co3N@AN-C NCs (2 h) demonstrate better OER activity with a remarkably low Tafel plot (69.6 mV-dec-1),low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA-crrf2.Additionally,excellent cycling stability in alkaline electrolytes was exhibited without morphological changes and voltage elevations,superior to most reported hierarchical structures of transition-metal nitride particles.The presented strategy for synergy effects of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived transition-metal nitrides-carbon hybrid nanostructures provides prospects for developing high-performance and advanced electrocatalyst materials.