An Overview of Smart City in China

The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases(traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.

Preparation and Characterization of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystalline and its Composite Membrane for Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water

The removal of antibiotic pollutants remaining in the environmental media has been a big challenge nowadays.Herein,we report a facile and green approach to fabricate an eco-friendly composite membrane without addition of any toxic polymers or chemical cross-linking agents to effectively remove the tetracycline hydrochloride in Water.Firstly,the sulfated cellulose nanocrystalline(CNC) was obtained via hydrolysis of sulfuric acid by using microcrystalline cellulose(MCC) as raw material under ultrasonic condition.The as-prepared CNC has a nanowhisker dimension with 200.2 ± 110.2 nm in length,15.7 ± 9.3 nm in width,and 7.2 ± 3.1 nm in height.The obtained CNC is cellulose type I as determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),while its crystallinity index(Crl) can reach 82.3%.Then,the composite membrane derived from the obtained CNC and commercial mixed cellulose ester(MCE)membrane was facilely prepared through vacuum dewatering process,which is applied to remove tetracycline hydrochloride(Th) in solution.The results showed that the removal efficiency of Th through the neat MCE was only28 ± 4%,while it could be improved to 58 ± 5% and 89 11%,respectively,by filtering through composite membranes with different contents of CNC deposition.Such effect is derived from the combine factors based on both steric hindrance(sieving) and electrostatic interaction(Donnan) effect of the composite membranes.The development of related CNC materials and composite fabrication processes is in favor of cost-effective and "green"polymer composites for the remediation of increasing antibiotic pollution and the purification of contaminated water nowadays.

Newly discovered youngest UHT metamorphism on Earth,Western Sulawesi,Indonesia

Ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)metamorphism represents an extreme crustal thermal event with peak conditions exceeding 900C at 7–13 kbar.In the modern-style plate tectonic system,records of the UHT metamorphism are relatively rare due to the secular cooling of Earth.In the Palu region of Western Sulawesi,we newly discovered a series of HT-UHT metamorphic rocks including amphibolite,granulite,eclogites and gneiss.Of them,two granulite samples(18CS14-2,18CS14-4)with high garnet content(>50 mol%)are chosen for petrographic observation,phase equilibrium modelling,and zircon U-Pb dating.These rocks are characterized by a relic M1 assemblage of Grt+Ky+Bt+Rt and a M2 assemblage of Grt+Sil+Pl+Spl+Crd±Qtz+Ilm+melt.Phase equilibrium modelling based on effective bulk compositions yields UHT conditions of 7.2–8.5 kbar/940–1080C(18CS14-2)and 7.0–7.3 kbar/1000–1040C(18CS14-4).U-Pb analysis reveals two generations of metamorphic zircon with evolving REE content that is intimately related to garnet growth and decomposition.Zircon age of 36–5.3 Ma is ascribed to syn-to post-M1 metamorphism,whereas the young zircon age of 5.1–3.8 Ma is linked to syn-and post-M2 stage.The UHT metamorphism was probably the consequence of the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle triggered by post-collisional delamination of lithosphere in the MiocenePliocene(ca.5 Ma).It could represent the youngest known UHT metamorphism on Earth.

Rice SPL10 positively regulates trichome development through expression of HL6 and auxin-related genes

Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses;examination of glabrous lines,which lack trichomes,has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function.Tests of allelism in 51 glabrous rice(Oryza sativa)accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in rice.Here,we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome development.Haplotype and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700-bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar WD-17993.Disruption of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL-HL6 background.Plants with genotype OsSPL10^(WD-17993)/HL6 generated by crossing WD-17993 with NIL-HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the glumes.HAIRY LEAF6(HL6)encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation,and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its expression.Moreover,the transcript levels of auxin-related genes,such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN-FORMED1b,were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines.Feeding tests using locusts(Locusta migratoria)demonstrated that non-glandular trichomes affect feeding by this herbivore.Our findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.

Different self-assembly behaviors of mono-modified β-cyclodextrin substituted by benzoic acid derivatives

The mono-modified β-cyclodextrin derivative,6-O-(4-aminobenzoyl)-β-cyclodextrin(1) ,was synthesized and characterized. We compared its self-assembling behavior with structurally related β-cyclodextrin derivative,6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-βcyclodextrin(2) ,in aqueous solution and in the solid state using NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The two complexes displayed different self-assembling behaviors.Complex 1 formed a head-to-tail helical columnar superstructure in which the substituent group penetrated deeply into the hydrophobic cavity of the adjacent β-cyclodextrin from the second side and aligned along the screw axis,whereas 2 exhibited a channel superstructure with a tail-to-tail dimer as the repeating motif.Further NMR studies in aqueous solution supported the result of the solid state.The influence of substituent groups on the self-assembly behavior was examined in mono-modified β-cyclodextrins by means of substituting an amino group for a hydroxyl group,which indicates that the weak intermolecular interaction is a critical factor in determining the self-assembling behavior.