AIM: To evaluate the relationship between uPA, PAI-1,CEA, PI3K and metastatic potential in three colorectal tumor cell lines.METHODS: Metastatic model in nude rats was established by variants HT-29c and HT-29d cell li...AIM: To evaluate the relationship between uPA, PAI-1,CEA, PI3K and metastatic potential in three colorectal tumor cell lines.METHODS: Metastatic model in nude rats was established by variants HT-29c and HT-29d cell lines and the metastatic potential of two tumor cell variants was compared.Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were determined using ELISA in colorectal carcinoma WiDr, HT29 and HT-29d cell lines with different metastatic potentials.Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-Kinase) was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in these cell lines in vitro and in vivo. CEA expression was compared using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)in vitro.RESULTS: The number of HT-29d cells arrested in liver dramatically decreased within the initial 24 hours after injection. The taking rate of liver metastases in the variant HT-29d increased as compared with parental HT-29 cells (70 % versus 50 %) and a variant HT-29b cells (70 % versus 60 %), and extensive organs were synchronously involved in metastases. The uPA concentration of variant HT-29d cell line was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic WiDr and the low metastatic HT-29 cell lines. The variant HT-29d cells produced stronger PI3-kinase expression as compared with the non-metastatic WiDr cells and the low metastatic HT-29 cellsin vivo.CONCLUSION: The selected variant HT-29d cell exhibited an enhanced metastatic potential. The level of uPA and PAI-1 is positively correlated with the metastatic capacity of tumor cells. The expression of PI3-kinase correlates with tumor development and metastasis.展开更多
AIM: To study the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene in retrovirally transduced variant HT29 cells.METHODS: The retroviral vector prkat EGFP/neo was constructed and transfected into the 293T ...AIM: To study the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene in retrovirally transduced variant HT29 cells.METHODS: The retroviral vector prkat EGFP/neo was constructed and transfected into the 293T cell using a standard calcium phosphate precipitation method. HT-29c cells (selected from HT-29 cells) were transduced by a retroviral vector encoding the GEFP gene. The fluorescence intensity of colorectal carcinoma HT-29c cells after transduced with the EGFP bearing retrovirus was visualized using fluorescence microscope and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Multiple biological behaviors of transduced cells such as the proliferating potential and the expression of various antigens were comparatively analyzed between untransduced and transduced cells in vitro. EGFP expression of the fresh tumor tissue was assessed in vivo.RESULTS: After transduced, HT-29c cells displayed a stable and long-term EGFP expression under the nonselective conditionsin vitro. After cells were successively cultured to passage 50 in vitro, EGFP expression was still at a high level. Their biological behaviors, such as expression of tumor antigens, proliferation rate and aggregation capability were not different compared to untransduced parental cells in vitro. In subcutaneous tumors, EGFP was stable and highly expressed.CONCLUSION: An EGFP expressing retroviral vector was used to transduce HT-29c cells. The transduced cells show a stable and long-term EGFP expression in vitro and in vivo.These cells with EGFP are a valuable tool forin vivo research of tumor metastatic spread.展开更多
Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures (FSs), in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, we...Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures (FSs), in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, were obtained with the spectrometers at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) and the Culgoora radio spectrometer and are presented. The statistical results of 68 out of 71 events associated with the radio type III bursts or FSs during the initiation or early stages of the CMEs indicate that most CMEs contain the emissions of radio type III bursts/FSs near the time of the CME's onset, in spite of their fast or slow speeds. Therefore, we propose that type III bursts and FSs are possible precursors of the onset of CMEs. We stress that the radio type III bursts/FSs in the centimetermetric wavelength region and the CME transients possibly occurred in conjunction with the origin of the coronal precursor structures. Thus, the statistical results support the suggestions that type III bursts/FSs are indicators of extra energy input into the corona at the CMEs' onset, and that the type III bursts/FSs are produced primarily due to a coronal instability which eventually triggers the CME process. This may signify that the centimeter-metric radio bursts corresponding to or near the CME's onset are caused by the disturbed corona (possibly including minor magnetic reconnections).展开更多
A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking th...A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization degree of the components of Type Ⅰ and associated Type Ⅲ bursts are about 40%-100% and almost 100%, respectively, which is greater than that of the background continuum (nearly the precision of our instrument). This short decimetric Type Ⅰ-like storm may be another kind or the extension of the kind of metric Type Ⅰ storm, and may possess the duality of metric and decimetric radio emission. It may be in favor of an earlier emission mechanism of the fundamental plasma radiation due to the coalescence of Langmuir waves with low-frequency waves.展开更多
AIM: To obtain the short peptides mimic antigenic epitopes selected by rat natural antibodies to schistosomes, and to explore their immunoprotection against schistosomiasis in mice.METHODS: Adults worm antigens (AWA) ...AIM: To obtain the short peptides mimic antigenic epitopes selected by rat natural antibodies to schistosomes, and to explore their immunoprotection against schistosomiasis in mice.METHODS: Adults worm antigens (AWA) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked transferred immunoblotting methods with normal SD rat sera (NRS). The killing effects on schistosomula with fresh and heat-inactivated sera from SD rats were observed. Then the purified IgG from sera of SD rats was used to biopan a phage random peptide library and 20 randomly selected positive clones were detected by ELISA and 2 of them were sequenced.Sixty female mice were immunized thrice with positive phage clones (0, 2nd, 4th wk). Each mouse was challenged with 40 cercariae, and all mice were killed 42 d after challenge. The worms and the liver eggs were counted. RESULTS: NRS could specifically react to the molecules of 75 000, 47 000, 34 500 and 23 000 of AWA. Sera from SD rats showed that the mortality rate of schistosomula was 76.2%, and when the sera were heat-inactivated in vitro, the mortality rate was decreased to 41.0% after being cultured for 48 h. The specific phages bound to IgG were enriched about 300-folds after three rounds of biopanning. Twenty clones were detected by ELISA, 19 of them bound to the specific IgG of rat sera. Immunization with these epitopes was carried out in mice. Compared with the control groups, the mixture of two mimic peptides could induce 34.9% (P = 0.000) worm reduction and 67.6% (P = 0.000) total liver egg reduction in mice. Two different mimic peptides could respectively induce 31.0% (P = 0.001), 14.5% (P = 0.074) worm reduction and 61.2% (P = 0.000), 35.7% (P = 0.000) total liver egg reduction. The specific antibody could be induced by immunization of the mimic peptides, and the antibody titer in immunized mice reached more than 1:6 400 as detected by ELISA.CONCLUSION: Specific peptides mimic antigenic molecules can be obtained by biopanning the phage random peptide library and a partially protective immunity against schistosome infection can be stimulated by these phage epitopes in mice.展开更多
Four chiral 1,1?bis(oxazolinyl)ferrocenes(1a-1d) have been prepared and used as ligands in the copper catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and the magnesium catalyzed Diels-Al...Four chiral 1,1?bis(oxazolinyl)ferrocenes(1a-1d) have been prepared and used as ligands in the copper catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and the magnesium catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction between 3-acryloyl-2-oxazolidinone and cyclopentadiene. Enantioselectivities up to 24% and 41%, respectively, for cyclopropanation and Diels-Alder reaction were observed.展开更多
We report our new results on Herbig-Haro (HH) objects in the star forming region of Taurus from a wide-field survey with the 60/90 cm Schmidt telescope of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. This survey using CCD im...We report our new results on Herbig-Haro (HH) objects in the star forming region of Taurus from a wide-field survey with the 60/90 cm Schmidt telescope of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. This survey using CCD imaging with a narrow band [SII] filter and an intermediate band [BATC10] filter covered approximately 30 square degrees in Taurus. Besides confirming the known HH Objects in the region, we discovered seven new HH candidates, and groups. Six of these are HH 701A-B, HH 702A-D, HH 703, HH 704A-D, HH 705, HH 706 and the seventh is a group, a new component of HH 319, labeled HH 319B-D. Based on the large-scale distribution of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in Taurus, we analyze statistically the most probable distance from the HH objects to each PMS star, from which we estimate the typical timescale of these HH objects to be between (1.3?2.0)×10<SUP>4</SUP> yrs; and we also obtain the birth rates of HH objects: 0.447±0.198 for Class I PMS stars, 0.360±0.222 for Class II PMS stars, and ?0.148±0.234 for Class III PMS stars.展开更多
Eight pairs of enantiomers of cyclopropane derivatives were resolved on capillary gas chromatographic columns using three new 2, 6-di-O-allyl-3-O-acylated-β-cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases. It was found th...Eight pairs of enantiomers of cyclopropane derivatives were resolved on capillary gas chromatographic columns using three new 2, 6-di-O-allyl-3-O-acylated-β-cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases. It was found that the three β-CDs can separate some of the racemic cyclopropane derivatives well.展开更多
Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectom...Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectomy(EPD)with retroperitoneal nerve resection in pancreatic head cancer.Methods:This multicenter randomized trial was performed at 6 Chinese highvolume hospitals that enrolled patients between October 3,2012,and September 21,2017.Four hundred patients with stage I or II pancreatic head cancer and without specific pancreatic cancer treatments(preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation)within three months were randomly assigned to undergo standard pancreatoduodenectomy(SPD)or EPD,with the latter followed by dissection of additional lymph nodes(LNs),nerves and soft tissues 270◦on the right side surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS)by intention-to-treat(ITT).The secondary endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS),mortality,morbidity,and postoperative pain intensity.Results:TheR1 ratewas slightly lower with EPD(8.46%)thanwith SPD(12.56%).The morbidity and mortality rates were similar between the two groups.The median OS was similar in the EPD and SPD groups by ITT in the whole study cohort(23.0 vs.20.2 months,P=0.100),while the median DFS was superior in the EPD group(16.1 vs.13.2 months,P=0.031).Patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL had significantly improved OS and DFS with EPD(EPD vs.SPD,30.8 vs.20.9 months,P=0.009;23.4 vs.13.5 months,P<0.001).The EPD group exhibited significantly lower locoregional(16.48%vs.35.20%,P<0.001)andmesenteric LNrecurrence rates(3.98%vs.10.06%,P=0.022).The EPD group exhibited less back pain 6 months postoperation than the SPD group.Conclusions:EPD for pancreatic head cancer did not significantly improve OS,but patients with EPD treatment had significantly improved DFS.In the subgroup analysis,improvements in bothOS and DFS in the EPD armwere observed in patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.EPD could be used as an effective surgical procedure for patients with pancreatic head cancer,especially those with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.展开更多
基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Personnel Affairs Bureau of Zhejiang Province
文摘AIM: To evaluate the relationship between uPA, PAI-1,CEA, PI3K and metastatic potential in three colorectal tumor cell lines.METHODS: Metastatic model in nude rats was established by variants HT-29c and HT-29d cell lines and the metastatic potential of two tumor cell variants was compared.Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were determined using ELISA in colorectal carcinoma WiDr, HT29 and HT-29d cell lines with different metastatic potentials.Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-Kinase) was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in these cell lines in vitro and in vivo. CEA expression was compared using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)in vitro.RESULTS: The number of HT-29d cells arrested in liver dramatically decreased within the initial 24 hours after injection. The taking rate of liver metastases in the variant HT-29d increased as compared with parental HT-29 cells (70 % versus 50 %) and a variant HT-29b cells (70 % versus 60 %), and extensive organs were synchronously involved in metastases. The uPA concentration of variant HT-29d cell line was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic WiDr and the low metastatic HT-29 cell lines. The variant HT-29d cells produced stronger PI3-kinase expression as compared with the non-metastatic WiDr cells and the low metastatic HT-29 cellsin vivo.CONCLUSION: The selected variant HT-29d cell exhibited an enhanced metastatic potential. The level of uPA and PAI-1 is positively correlated with the metastatic capacity of tumor cells. The expression of PI3-kinase correlates with tumor development and metastasis.
基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Personnel Affairs Bureau of Zhejiang Province
文摘AIM: To study the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene in retrovirally transduced variant HT29 cells.METHODS: The retroviral vector prkat EGFP/neo was constructed and transfected into the 293T cell using a standard calcium phosphate precipitation method. HT-29c cells (selected from HT-29 cells) were transduced by a retroviral vector encoding the GEFP gene. The fluorescence intensity of colorectal carcinoma HT-29c cells after transduced with the EGFP bearing retrovirus was visualized using fluorescence microscope and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Multiple biological behaviors of transduced cells such as the proliferating potential and the expression of various antigens were comparatively analyzed between untransduced and transduced cells in vitro. EGFP expression of the fresh tumor tissue was assessed in vivo.RESULTS: After transduced, HT-29c cells displayed a stable and long-term EGFP expression under the nonselective conditionsin vitro. After cells were successively cultured to passage 50 in vitro, EGFP expression was still at a high level. Their biological behaviors, such as expression of tumor antigens, proliferation rate and aggregation capability were not different compared to untransduced parental cells in vitro. In subcutaneous tumors, EGFP was stable and highly expressed.CONCLUSION: An EGFP expressing retroviral vector was used to transduce HT-29c cells. The transduced cells show a stable and long-term EGFP expression in vitro and in vivo.These cells with EGFP are a valuable tool forin vivo research of tumor metastatic spread.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinasupported by the National Basic Research Program of the MOST (Grant No.2011CB811403)the CAS-NSFC Key Project (Grant No. 10978006)
文摘Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures (FSs), in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, were obtained with the spectrometers at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) and the Culgoora radio spectrometer and are presented. The statistical results of 68 out of 71 events associated with the radio type III bursts or FSs during the initiation or early stages of the CMEs indicate that most CMEs contain the emissions of radio type III bursts/FSs near the time of the CME's onset, in spite of their fast or slow speeds. Therefore, we propose that type III bursts and FSs are possible precursors of the onset of CMEs. We stress that the radio type III bursts/FSs in the centimetermetric wavelength region and the CME transients possibly occurred in conjunction with the origin of the coronal precursor structures. Thus, the statistical results support the suggestions that type III bursts/FSs are indicators of extra energy input into the corona at the CMEs' onset, and that the type III bursts/FSs are produced primarily due to a coronal instability which eventually triggers the CME process. This may signify that the centimeter-metric radio bursts corresponding to or near the CME's onset are caused by the disturbed corona (possibly including minor magnetic reconnections).
文摘A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization degree of the components of Type Ⅰ and associated Type Ⅲ bursts are about 40%-100% and almost 100%, respectively, which is greater than that of the background continuum (nearly the precision of our instrument). This short decimetric Type Ⅰ-like storm may be another kind or the extension of the kind of metric Type Ⅰ storm, and may possess the duality of metric and decimetric radio emission. It may be in favor of an earlier emission mechanism of the fundamental plasma radiation due to the coalescence of Langmuir waves with low-frequency waves.
基金Supported by the WHO/TDR, No. 980255 and the Science Commission of Hunan Province, No. 00jzy2115
文摘AIM: To obtain the short peptides mimic antigenic epitopes selected by rat natural antibodies to schistosomes, and to explore their immunoprotection against schistosomiasis in mice.METHODS: Adults worm antigens (AWA) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked transferred immunoblotting methods with normal SD rat sera (NRS). The killing effects on schistosomula with fresh and heat-inactivated sera from SD rats were observed. Then the purified IgG from sera of SD rats was used to biopan a phage random peptide library and 20 randomly selected positive clones were detected by ELISA and 2 of them were sequenced.Sixty female mice were immunized thrice with positive phage clones (0, 2nd, 4th wk). Each mouse was challenged with 40 cercariae, and all mice were killed 42 d after challenge. The worms and the liver eggs were counted. RESULTS: NRS could specifically react to the molecules of 75 000, 47 000, 34 500 and 23 000 of AWA. Sera from SD rats showed that the mortality rate of schistosomula was 76.2%, and when the sera were heat-inactivated in vitro, the mortality rate was decreased to 41.0% after being cultured for 48 h. The specific phages bound to IgG were enriched about 300-folds after three rounds of biopanning. Twenty clones were detected by ELISA, 19 of them bound to the specific IgG of rat sera. Immunization with these epitopes was carried out in mice. Compared with the control groups, the mixture of two mimic peptides could induce 34.9% (P = 0.000) worm reduction and 67.6% (P = 0.000) total liver egg reduction in mice. Two different mimic peptides could respectively induce 31.0% (P = 0.001), 14.5% (P = 0.074) worm reduction and 61.2% (P = 0.000), 35.7% (P = 0.000) total liver egg reduction. The specific antibody could be induced by immunization of the mimic peptides, and the antibody titer in immunized mice reached more than 1:6 400 as detected by ELISA.CONCLUSION: Specific peptides mimic antigenic molecules can be obtained by biopanning the phage random peptide library and a partially protective immunity against schistosome infection can be stimulated by these phage epitopes in mice.
文摘Four chiral 1,1?bis(oxazolinyl)ferrocenes(1a-1d) have been prepared and used as ligands in the copper catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and the magnesium catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction between 3-acryloyl-2-oxazolidinone and cyclopentadiene. Enantioselectivities up to 24% and 41%, respectively, for cyclopropanation and Diels-Alder reaction were observed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘We report our new results on Herbig-Haro (HH) objects in the star forming region of Taurus from a wide-field survey with the 60/90 cm Schmidt telescope of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. This survey using CCD imaging with a narrow band [SII] filter and an intermediate band [BATC10] filter covered approximately 30 square degrees in Taurus. Besides confirming the known HH Objects in the region, we discovered seven new HH candidates, and groups. Six of these are HH 701A-B, HH 702A-D, HH 703, HH 704A-D, HH 705, HH 706 and the seventh is a group, a new component of HH 319, labeled HH 319B-D. Based on the large-scale distribution of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in Taurus, we analyze statistically the most probable distance from the HH objects to each PMS star, from which we estimate the typical timescale of these HH objects to be between (1.3?2.0)×10<SUP>4</SUP> yrs; and we also obtain the birth rates of HH objects: 0.447±0.198 for Class I PMS stars, 0.360±0.222 for Class II PMS stars, and ?0.148±0.234 for Class III PMS stars.
文摘Eight pairs of enantiomers of cyclopropane derivatives were resolved on capillary gas chromatographic columns using three new 2, 6-di-O-allyl-3-O-acylated-β-cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases. It was found that the three β-CDs can separate some of the racemic cyclopropane derivatives well.
基金Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program,Grant/Award Number:2012007National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81871945National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project,Grant/Award Number:2022YW030009。
文摘Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectomy(EPD)with retroperitoneal nerve resection in pancreatic head cancer.Methods:This multicenter randomized trial was performed at 6 Chinese highvolume hospitals that enrolled patients between October 3,2012,and September 21,2017.Four hundred patients with stage I or II pancreatic head cancer and without specific pancreatic cancer treatments(preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation)within three months were randomly assigned to undergo standard pancreatoduodenectomy(SPD)or EPD,with the latter followed by dissection of additional lymph nodes(LNs),nerves and soft tissues 270◦on the right side surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS)by intention-to-treat(ITT).The secondary endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS),mortality,morbidity,and postoperative pain intensity.Results:TheR1 ratewas slightly lower with EPD(8.46%)thanwith SPD(12.56%).The morbidity and mortality rates were similar between the two groups.The median OS was similar in the EPD and SPD groups by ITT in the whole study cohort(23.0 vs.20.2 months,P=0.100),while the median DFS was superior in the EPD group(16.1 vs.13.2 months,P=0.031).Patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL had significantly improved OS and DFS with EPD(EPD vs.SPD,30.8 vs.20.9 months,P=0.009;23.4 vs.13.5 months,P<0.001).The EPD group exhibited significantly lower locoregional(16.48%vs.35.20%,P<0.001)andmesenteric LNrecurrence rates(3.98%vs.10.06%,P=0.022).The EPD group exhibited less back pain 6 months postoperation than the SPD group.Conclusions:EPD for pancreatic head cancer did not significantly improve OS,but patients with EPD treatment had significantly improved DFS.In the subgroup analysis,improvements in bothOS and DFS in the EPD armwere observed in patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.EPD could be used as an effective surgical procedure for patients with pancreatic head cancer,especially those with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.