Effects of pirarubicin and mitoxantrone for bladder cancer perfusion chemotherapy on the expression of malignant molecules in serum and lavage fluid

Objective: To study the effects of pirarubicin and mitoxantrone for bladder cancer perfusion chemotherapy on the expression of malignant molecules in serum and lavage fluid. Methods:Patients with advanced bladder cancer who underwent bladder cancer perfusion chemotherapy in our hospital between March 2015 and December 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the THP group who accepted pirarubicin perfusion chemotherapy and the MTZ group who accepted mitoxantrone perfusion chemotherapy. The serum was collected before and after chemotherapy to determine the contents of tumor markers in serum;the lavage liquid was collected after chemotherapy to determine the contents of malignant molecules. Results:Compared with those of same group before chemotherapy, CXCL5, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, DKK1 and DKK3 contents in serum of both group of patients decreased chemotherapy, and CXCL5, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, DKK1 and DKK3 contents in serum of MTZ group after chemotherapy were lower than those of THP group;ILP-2, CyclinD1, Twist, EpCAM and MMP2 contents in lavage liquid of MTZ group were significantly lower than those of THP group whereas Bad, Bax, TRAIL, FasL, E-cadherin and TIMP4 contents were significantly higher than those of THP group. Conclusion: Mitoxantrone for bladder cancer perfusion chemotherapy can be more effectively than pirarubicin to regulate the expression of malignant molecules.

Research on the influence of quadrupole deformation and continuum effects on the exotic properties of 15,17,19B with the complex momentum representation method

The properties of exotic nuclei are the focus of the present research.Two-neutron halo structures of neutron-rich17,19B were experimentally confirmed.We studied the formation mechanism of halo phenomena in17,19B using the complex momentum representation method applied to deformation and continuum coupling.By examining the evolution of the weakly bound and resonant levels near the Fermi surface,s–d orbital reversals and certain prolate deformations were observed.In addition,by analyzing the evolution of the occupation probabilities and density distributions occupied by valence neutrons,we found that the ground state of15B did not exhibit a halo and the ground states of17B and19B exhibited halos at 0.6≤β2≤0.7 and0.3≤β2≤0.7,respectively.The low-l components in the valence levels that are weakly bound or embedded in the continuous spectrum lead to halo formation.

Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation, Hyperplasia, and Hypertrophy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously produced in adipocytes and fat tissues and stimulates adipogenesis. The integrated pathogenic effects of H2S on the development of obesity and the underlying mechanisms, however, have been unclear. Here, we find that a decreased endogenous H2S level lowered lipid accumulation in mouse adipocytes. Exogenous H2S treatment significantly increased the adipogenesis of primary mouse preadipocytes after six days of adipogenic induction. In the early phase of adipogenesis, H2S increased cell proliferation and prepared cells to go through hyperplasia. After H2S treatment for ten days, preadipocytes exhibited significantly greater cell surface area and diameter, indicating cell hypertrophy. Although it stimulated lipid accumulation and adipogenesis, H2S had no effect on lipolysis. With nutrition overload and high glucose/insulin incubation, H2S further stimulated glucose consumption and deteriorated adipocyte hypertrophy. H2S upregulated hyperplasia genes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ), cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25), minichromosome maintenance 3 (Mcm3), and cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45)) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 protein (Cdk2), which regulates cell proliferation. H2S also upregulated the insulin receptor β (Irβ)-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways, leading to adipogenesis. In conclusion, H2S increases adipocyte differentiation, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia, implying that it plays a pathogenic role in obesity disorder.

基于核质遗传原理建立多重PCR检测方法鉴定阿胶中马、驴源性成分及皮张种源

阿胶(Asini Colla Corii)及其原料皮张源性成分的鉴定是对阿胶真实性的一种保障,阿胶生产企业和市场监管部门急需马、驴、骡皮张以及阿胶中源性成分鉴别的有效检测方法。本研究基于马、驴核基因组和线粒体基因组筛选物种特异性DNA序列作为检测靶标,设计马、驴特异性引物,建立了鉴别马、驴、骡皮张以及鉴定阿胶中马和驴源性成分的多重PCR方法。结果显示,本文所建立的方法可用于阿胶源性成分及皮张种源的鉴别,其特异性强,只在目标物种中扩增出目的条带,而非目标物种中没有任何扩增产物,而且灵敏度能达到0.2 ng,可为阿胶生产企业和市场监管部门提供技术支撑。

Association between plasma immunoproteasome and 90-day prognosis after first-ever ischemic stroke

Many blood biomarkers are reportedly helpful for predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI),but no biomarkers are widely used in clinical practice.The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the plasma immunoproteasome and patients’90-day prognosis after first-ever acute ischemic stroke.In our prospective,single-center study,259 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were enrolled from the Department of Neurology,Fujian Provincial Hospital,China,from March to September 2014.Of these,27 patients(10.4%)had unfavorable outcomes as assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale(scores of 3–6).The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission,plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP)levels,and immunopro-teasome subunit(low molecular mass peptide[LMP]2,LMP5,and LMP7)levels were significantly higher in the unfavorable outcome group than in the favorable outcome group.To predict unfavorable outcomes,the optimal cutoff points were National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score>12,NT-pro-BNP level>1883.5 pg/mL,and LMP2 level>841.4 pg/mL.Of the 193 patients that were able to complete the Mini-Mental State Examination at 90 days poststroke,66 patients(34.2%)had PSCI.Plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP and LMP2 were higher in patients with PSCI than in those without PSCI.To predict PSCI,the optimal cutoff values were age>70.5 years and LMP2 level>630.5 pg/mL.These findings indicate that plasma LMP2 may serve as a new prognostic biomarker of poor outcome and PSCI at 90 days after stroke.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Provincial Hospital,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University(approval No.K2014-01-003)on January 15,2014.

System Recovery-Aware Virus Propagation Model and Its Steady-State Analysis

Network structures and human behaviors are considered as two important factors in virus defense currently. However, due to ignorance of network security, normal users usually take simple activities, such as reinstalling computer system, or using the computer recovery system to clear virus. How system recovery influences virus spreading is not taken into consideration currently. In this paper, a new virus propagation model considering the system recovery is proposed first, and then in its steady-state analysis, the virus propagation steady time and steady states are deduced. Experiment results show that models considering system recovery can effectively restrain virus propagation. Furthermore, algorithm with system recovery in BA scale-free network is proposed. Simulation result turns out that target immunization strategy with system recovery works better than traditional ones in BA network.

Chemical vapor deposition growth of crystal monolayer SnS2 with NaCl-assistant

As an important member of the two-dimensional layers of metal dichalcogenides family, the two-dimensional(2 D)group IV metal chalcogenides(GIVMCs) have been attracting intensive attention. However, the growth of monolayer tin disulfide(SnS2) remains a great challenge contrasted to transition metal dichalcogenides, which have been studied quite maturely. Till date, there have been scant reports on the growth of large-scale and large-size monolayer SnS2. Here, we successfully synthesized monolayer SnS2 crystal on SiO2/Si substrates via NaCl-assisted CVD and the edge can be as long as 80 μm. Optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy(AFM), and energydispersion x-ray(EDX) were performed respectively to investigate the morphology, crystallographic structure, and optical property of the 2 D SnS2 nanosheets. In addition, we discussed the growing mechanism of the NaCl-assisted CVD method.

The therapy and mechanisms of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus Ad-p14ARF in hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of recombinant adenovirus Ad-p14ARF in hepatocel- lular carcinoma cell lines. Methods: Morphology and trypan blue assay were adopted to evaluate the proliferation of different liver cancer cells after Ad-p14ARF infection. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by detecting phosphatidylserine (PS) externaliza- tion with Annexin V/PI double staining. Western blotting assay analyzed the expression of related proteins. Subcutaneous tumor model of BEL7402 was established to evaluate the therapeutic ability of Ad-p14ARF. Results: Ad-p14ARF suppressed cell growth, proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of cancer cell lines with different genetic background. Ad-p14ARF in- hibited growth of liver cancer cells (HepG2, BEL7402) in a dose-dependent manner. Ad-p14ARF leaded to overexpression of Bax and p21, which were the downstream regulating genes of p53. Ad-p14ARF suppressed tumor growth significantly in the experimental therapy in nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumor of BEL7402. Conclusion: P14ARF gene is a powerful tumor suppressor gene to be used in cancer gene therapy. It may play an important role in gene therapy against the malignancies in the future.

A temporal programming model with atomic blocks based on projection temporal logic

Atomic blocks, a high-level language construct that allows programmers to explicitly specify the atomicity of operations without worrying about the implementations, are a promising approach that simplifies concurrent programming. On the other hand, temporal logic is a successful model in logic programming and concurrency verification, but none of existing temporal programming models supports concurrent programming with atomic blocks yet. In this paper, we propose a temporal programming model （αPTL） which extends the projection temporal logic （PTL） to support concurrent programming with atomic blocks. The novel construct that formulates atomic execution of code blocks, which we call atomic interval formulas, is always interpreted over two consecutive states, with the internal states of the block being abstracted away. We show that the framing mechanism in projection temporal logic also works in the new model, which consequently supports our development of an executive language. The language supports concurrency by introducing a loose interleaving semantics which tracks only the mutual exclusion between atomic blocks. We demonstrate the usage of αPTL by modeling and verifying both the fine-grained and coarse-grained concurrency.

同期经导管主动脉瓣置换及二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗主动脉瓣并二尖瓣重度狭窄2例

主动脉狭窄(AS)合并二尖瓣狭窄(MS)多见于风湿性心脏病,传统治疗策略为外科手术,但外科手术高风险的严重AS合并MS患者通常难以耐受开放性手术,随着介入技术的发展,同期经导管治疗为其提供了一种新的选择。该文报道了2例行经导管主动脉瓣置换术联合经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗AS合并MS的病例,2例患者的主动脉瓣及二尖瓣狭窄均得到了有效缓解,术后心功能明显改善,未出现严重并发症。

GRP75 triggers white adipose tissue browning to promote cancer-associated cachexia

Cachexia,which affects 50–80%of cancer patients,is a debilitating syndrome that leads to 20%of cancer-related deaths.A key feature of cachexia is adipose tissue atrophy,but how it contributes to the development of cachexia is poorly understood.Here,we demonstrate in mouse models of cancer cachexia that white adipose tissue browning,which can be a characteristic early-onset manifestation,occurs prior to the loss of body weight and skeletal muscle wasting.By analysing the proteins differentially expressed in extracellular vesicles derived from cachexia-inducing tumours,we identified a molecular chaperone,Glucose-regulated protein 75(GRP75),as a critical mediator of adipocyte browning.Mechanistically,GRP75 binds adenine nucleotide translocase 2(ANT2)to form a GRP75–ANT2 complex.Strikingly,stabilized ANT2 enhances its interaction with uncoupling protein 1,leading to elevated expression of the latter,which,in turn,promotes adipocyte browning.Treatment with withanone,a GRP75 inhibitor,can reverse this browning and alleviate cachectic phenotypes in vivo.Overall,our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which tumour-derived GRP75 regulates white adipose tissue browning during cachexia development and suggest a potential white adipose tissue-centred targeting approach for early cachexia intervention.

克罗恩病患者生物电阻抗相位角与营养状况的关系研究

目的:探讨克罗恩病(CD)患者生物电阻抗相位角(PhA)与营养状况的关系。方法:回顾性纳入四川大学华西医院2019年5月至2020年6月收治的CD患者,收集患者的一般资料和常规营养指标[体格测量、人体成分、营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)、患者主观整体评估量表(PG-SGA)]。测量患者的PhA值,计算PhA诊断效能。根据Kyle标准,生物电阻抗50 kHz条件下男性PhA小于5°、女性PhA小于4.6°定义为低PhA,将患者分为正常PhA组和低PhA组。比较两组间常规营养指标的差异,并分析PhA与常规营养指标的相关性。结果:共纳入112例CD患者,男性71例(63.4%),女性41例(36.6%);年龄范围15~60岁;低PhA组56例,正常PhA组56例。以NRS2002评分为金标准,PhA诊断CD的ROC曲线下面积(AUC值)在男性为0.720(95%CI:0.547~0.893),女性为0.799(95%CI:0.647~0.950)。男性以PhA<5.5°作为cut-off值时,敏感度为0.80,特异性为0.73;女性以PhA<5.1°作为cut-off值时,敏感度为0.81,特异性为0.78。低PhA组存在营养风险的患者比例、PG-SGA评分、浮肿指数均高于正常PhA组(均P<0.05),而体质量指数(BMI)、上臂围、上臂肌围、腰围、脂肪组织、去脂组织、四肢骨骼肌指数、细胞内水分、细胞外水分和基础代谢率均低于正常PhA组(均P<0.05)。PhA与NRS2002评分、PG-SGA评分和浮肿指数呈负相关(r=-0.26、-0.35、-0.82,均P<0.05);PhA与BMI、上臂围、上臂肌围、腰围、去脂组织、四肢骨骼肌指数、细胞内水分、细胞外水分、基础代谢率呈正相关(r=0.38、0.59、0.57、0.31、0.36、0.49、0.46、0.25、0.39,均P<0.05)。结论:CD患者PhA值与常规营养指标相关性较强,提示PhA可作为营养指标用于评价CD患者的营养状况。

Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite

Graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets were dispersed into premixed powders(Cu-0.4 wt%Al/35W5Cr)by wet grinding and vacuum freeze-drying process.The 0.3 wt%GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr and 0.5 wt%GO/Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composites,used for electrical contacts,were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering.The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.In addition,the Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural changes of GO before and after sintering.The arc erosion behavior was investigated by the JF04 C electrical contact testing apparatus.Consequently,the Al2O3 nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in the matrix,causing dislocation tangles.GO was converted to reduced graphene oxide after sintering.A group of carbon atoms combined with Cr forming Cr3C2 in situ during sintering,which enhanced the interface bonding.Compared with the Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr composite,the tensile strength of the two contact materials containing 0.3 wt%GO and 0.5 wt%GO was increased by 45%and 34%,respectively.Finally,pips and craters were present on the anode and cathode surfaces,respectively.Tungsten has undergone re-sintering during arcing and formed needle-like structures.Compared with Al2O3-Cu/35W5Cr,the GO/Al2O3-Cu35W5Cr composites have better welding resistance.The final mass transfer direction of the two composites was from the cathode to anode.

The DNA Topoisomerase VI-B Subunit OsMTOPVIB Is Essential for Meiotic Recombination Initiation in Rice

Dear Editor,In flowering plants, the life cycle alternates between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations. Development of the male organ and germ cells is essential for successful plant fertility and crop yield. Male reproduction is a highly orchestrated process controlled by various intrinsic components. Although significant advances have been made in understanding male gametophyte formation, the molecular mechanisms controlling this process are still largely unknown （Zhang and Liang, 2016）.

Radiographic Measurement of Femoral Lateral Bowing and Distal Femoral Condyle Resection Thickness： Variances and Effects on Total Knee Arthroplasty Planning

Background：Accurate evaluation of the plain radiography of lower limb is critical for preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty （TKA）. We aimed to investigate the effect of femoral lateral bowing and rotation on the radiographic measurements of distal femoral condyle resection thickness （DRT） and the distal femoral resection valgus angle （FVA）. Methods： We analyzed 246 three-dimensional femoral models generated from computed tomography images of 123 patients, acquiring projected contours in seven positions – 20° and 10° internal rotation; 0° rotation; 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° external rotation – for each model. Medial and lateral condyle DRTs, femoral shaft lateral bowing angle （FBA）, and distal FVA were determined for each position. Linear mixed effect model was used to determine the effect of degree of femur rotation on repeated measurements of DRT or FVA. Results： FBA significantly affected the FVA and DRT （Pearson＇s R = 0.767 and -0.408, respectively; P 〈 0.000）. Samples were divided into three groups according to the FBA measured in neutral position： FBA 〈0°： DRT 3.75 ± 1.30 mm, FVA 4.53° ± 1.27°; FBA 〉0° but 〈3°： DRT 3.39 ± 1.31 mm, FVA 5.92° ± 1.31°; FBA 〉3°： DRT 2.22 ± 1.31 mm, FVA 7.37° ± 1.31°. From simulated 20° internal rotation to 40° external rotation in each femoral model, the average variation ranges of radiographically measured DRT, FVA, and FBA were 0.50 ± 0.28 mm, 2.93° ± 0.96°, and 10.33° ± 1.90°, respectively, with no significant differences among the FBA groups. The degree of femoral rotation significantly affected the FVA （F = 62.148, P 〈 0.000）, whereas there was no effect on condyle resection thickness （F = 0.4705, P = 0.494）. Conclusions： Axial femoral rotation has less effect on radiographic measurements of differences in the DRT than on those of the distal FVA.

Recent progress on nanostructure-based broadband absorbers and their solar energy thermal utilization

Nanostructure-based broadband absorbers are prominently attractive in various research fields such as nanomaterials,nanofabrication,nanophotonics and energy utilization.A highly efficient light absorption in wider wavelength ranges makes such absorbers useful in many solar energy harvesting applications.In this review,we present recent advances of broadband absorbers which absorb light by nanostructures.We start from the mechanism and design strategies of broadband absorbers based on different materials such as carbon-based,plasmonic or dielectric materials and then reviewed recent progress of solar energy thermal utilization dependent on the superior photo-heat conversion capacity of broadband absorbers which may significantly influence the future development of solar energy utilization,seawater purification and photoelectronic device design.

Preoperative Measurement of Tibial Resection in Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Accuracy of Postoperative Limb Alignment Restoration

Background：Accuracy of implant placement in total knee arthroplasty （TKA） is crucial.Traditional extramedullary alignment instruments are fairly effective for achieving the desired mean tibial component coronal alignment.We modified the traditional tibial plateau resection technique and evaluated its effect on alignment restoration.Methods：Two hundred and eighty-two primary TKAs in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Group A consisted of 128 primary TKAs performed by one senior surgeon.Preoperative measurement of the tibial resection was conducted on radiographs,and the measured thicknesses of the lateral and medial plateau resection were used to place the tibial alignment guide.Group B consisted of 154 primary TKAs performed by the other senior surgeon,using a traditional tibial plateau resection technique.In all patients,an extramedullary guide was used for tibial resection,and preoperative and postoperative full-leg standing radiographs were used to assess the hip-knee-ankle angle （HKA）,femoral component alignment angle （FA）,and tibial component alignment angle （TA）.A deviation ≥3° was considered unsatisfactory.Data were analyzed by unpaired Student＇s t-test.Results：The mean postoperative H KA and TA angles were significantly different between Groups A and B （178.2 ± 3.2° vs.177.0 ± 3.0°,t =2.54,P =0.01;89.3 ± 1.8° vs.88.3 ± 2.0°,t =3.75,P =0.00,respectively）.The mean postoperative FA was 88.9 ± 2.5° in Group A and 88.9 ± 2.6° in Group B,and no significant difference was detected （t =0.10,P =0.92）.There were 90 （70.3%） limbs with restoration of the mechanical axis to within 3° of neutral alignment and 38 （29.7%） outliers （〉3° deviation） in Group A,whereas there were 89 （57.8%） limbs with restoration of the mechanical axis to within 3° of neutral alignment and 65 （42.2%） outliers （〉3° deviation） in Group B.The severity of the preoperative alignment deformity was a strong predictor for postoperative alignment.Conclusions：Using conventional surgical instruments,preoperative measurement of resection thickness of the tibial plateau on radiographs could improve the accuracy of conventional surgical techniques.

Nip promotes autophagy through facilitating the interaction of Rab7 and FYCO1

Autophagy is the main degradation pathway to eliminate long-lived and aggregated proteins,aged or malfunctioning organelles,which is essential for the intracellular homeostasis and prevention of malignant transformation.Although the processes of autophagosome biogenesis have been well illuminated,the mechanism of autophagosome transport remains largely unclear.In this study,we demonstrated that the ninein-like protein(Nip),a well-characterized centrosomal associated protein,was able to modulate autophagosome transport and facilitate autophagy.During autophagy,Nip colocalized with autophagosomes and physically interacted with autophagosome marker LC3,autophagosome sorting protein Rab7 and its downstream effector FYCOl.Interestingly,Nip enhanced the interaction between Rab7 and FYC01,thus accelerated autophagic flux and the formation of autophagolysosomes.Furthermore,compared to the wild-type mice,NLP deficient mice treated with chemical agent DMBA were prone to increased incidence of hepatomegaly and liver cancer,which were tight associated with the hepatic autophagic defect.Taken together,our findings provide a new insight for the first time that the well-known centrosomal protein Nip is also a new regulator of autophagy,which promotes the interaction of Rab7 and FYC01 and facilitates the formation of autophagolysosome.

A Lightweight Dynamic Enforcement of Privacy Protection for Android

Inter-process communication(IPC)provides a message passing mechanism for information exchange between applications.It has been long believed that IPCs can be abused by malware writers to launch collusive information leak using two or more applications.Much work on privacy protection focuses on the simple information leak caused by the individual applications and lacks effective approaches to preventing the collusive information leak caused by IPCs between multiple processes.In this paper,we propose a hybrid approach to prevent the collusive information leak based on information flow control.Our approach combines static information flow analysis and dynamic runtime checking together.Information leak caused by individual processes is prevented through static information flow control,and dynamic checking is done at runtime to prevent the collusive information leak.Such a combination may effectively reduce the runtime overhead of pure dynamic checking,and reduce false-alarms in pure static analysis.We develop this approach based on an abstract and simplified programming model,and formalize a novel definition of the leak-freedom property as our target security property.A simulation-based proof technique is used to prove that our approach is able to guarantee leak-freedom.All proofs are mechanized in Coq.