The impact of central and obstructive respiratory events on cerebral oxygenation in adults with sleep disordered breathing

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and central sleep apnea(CSA)are two main types of sleep disordered breathing(SDB).While the changes in cerebral hemodynamics triggered by OSA events have been well studied using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS),they are essentially unknown in CSA in adults.Therefore,in this study,we compared the changes in cerebral oxygenation between OSA and CSA events in adult patients using NIRS.Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation(StO_(2))in 13 severe SDB patients who had both CSA and OSA events was measured using frequency-domain NIRS.The changes in cerebral StO_(2)desaturation and blood volume(BV)in the¯rst hour of natural sleep were compared between different types of respiratory events(i.e.,277 sleep hypopneas,161 OSAs and 113 CSAs)with linear mixed-effect models controlling for confounders.All respiratory events occurred during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep.We found that apnea events induced greater cerebral desaturations and BV°uctuations compared to hypopneas,but there was no difference between OSA and CSA.These results suggest that cerebral autoregulation in our patients are still capable to counteract the pathomechanisms of apneas,in particularly the negative intrathoracic pressure(ITP)caused by OSA events.Otherwise larger BV°uctuations in OSA compared to CSA should be observed due to the negative ITP that reduces cardiac stroke volume and leads to lower systematic blood supply.Our study suggests that OSA and CSA may have similar impact on cerebral oxygenation during NREM sleep in adult patients with SDB.

Development of International Chinese Language Education in Iran:An Analysis in the Context of Iran’s Foreign Language Policy Characteristics

This paper focuses on examining the relevant policies concerning Chinese language education within Iran’s foreign language education policy framework from the perspective of its historical context.By analyzing the characteristics of Iran’s foreign language policy and the current situation of Chinese language teaching in Iran,this paper studies the future development of international Chinese language education in Iran.

Demonstration of the Source of Motor Program Signal: Study on the Correlation between Muscle Strength and sEMG Signal in Normal Children and Adults

To investigate the relationship between muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion by measuring the maximum muscle strength and sEMG value of normal children and adults, and to analyze their sources, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the method of motor program reconstruction to restore the function after brain injury, 30 healthy children aged 9 - 10 years and 30 adults aged 20 - 30 years were randomly selected. The muscle strength and sEMG of biceps brachii during elbow flexion were detected and recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. The muscle strength of children was significantly lower than that of adults (P < 0.001), and the sEMG value of biceps brachii was significantly lower than that of adults (P < 0.001), but the sEMG value per kilogram force of children was significantly higher than that of adults (P < 0.01). The results show that there was a very significant difference in pull (efficiency) between adults and children when there was no significant difference in SEMG signal intensity. This is because although children’s central nervous system has matured, the muscle tissue has not been well trained, resulting in insufficient muscle strength. The muscle strength of adults is significantly higher than that of children, because they have been exercising for a long time after the development of the central nervous system. It is proved that sEMG signal is not produced by muscle contraction itself, but comes from the motor program signal of central nervous system which drives muscle contraction, and it is produced before muscle contraction.

低抗苗勒管激素水平与卵巢储备功能下降不孕患者冻胚移植临床结局的相关性

目的探讨卵巢储备功能下降(DOR)不孕患者低抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平与冻融胚胎复苏移植临床结局的关系。方法以2018年1月至2019年6月在东南大学附属中大医院生殖医学科行冻融胚胎复苏移植周期的256例DOR患者为研究对象,回顾性分析患者血清AMH、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)、基础雌二醇(E2)、移植日子宫内膜厚度、移植胚胎类型(卵裂胚/囊胚)及移植胚胎数与临床结局的相关性。结果共纳入386个周期,临床妊娠率为33.68%(130/386);流产率为26.15%(34/130),活产率为16.05%(56/349,除随访暂未完成的37个周期)。临床妊娠组患者年龄小于未妊娠组、基础FSH值低于未妊娠组(P<0.05),AMH值、移植日子宫内膜厚度高于未妊娠组(P<0.05),且囊胚移植的比例高于未妊娠组(P<0.05);临床妊娠组和未妊娠组BMI、不孕年限、基础E2、移植胚胎数差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。活产组年龄小于流产组(P<0.05)。根据AMH值将患者分为低(1.01~1.50 ng/mL)、中低(0.51~1.00 ng/mL)、极低(0.01~0.50 ng/mL)3组并比较,AMH中低、低组的一般情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);AMH极低组和中低、低组间年龄、基础FSH、移植胚胎类型差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AMH极低组临床妊娠率和继续妊娠率低于中低、低组(P<0.05);3组间流产率和活产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步对可能影响临床结局的因素行Logistic回归分析,修正混杂因素显示,临床妊娠率、活产率均与年龄呈负相关(P<0.05),流产率与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05),移植囊胚可提高临床妊娠率(P<0.05)。结论在DOR患者中,低AMH值与冻融胚胎复苏移植临床结局无关;用AMH无法预测复苏周期临床结局;影响临床结局的主要因素是女性年龄,年龄越大,临床妊娠率、活产率越低,流产率越高。

黑蓝文学:让小说回归自身——以陈卫的作品为例

作为一个小众的文学团体,黑蓝文学一直强调小说应该回到自身,并首先关心叙述和语言的问题。而作为黑蓝文学的创始人,陈卫正是在践行这种小说理念的过程中逐渐形成了自己独有的叙述特点和写作方式。他尝试用一种"无个性的文体追求"和"隐藏性故事元素"来完成一场"叙述的冒险",并专门发掘在已有小说中忽略却在生活中大量存在的非常值得重视的感觉。陈树泳将其定义为"反拳交写作",以此说明陈卫是如何在反故事套路的层面之外,实现了对生活和自我的双重对抗。

中国人血红蛋白病突变数据集和临床辅助决策管理系统

个体基因组信息得益于大数据的积累,其应用不再局限于科学研究,正在经历逐步走向日常医疗实践的过程中。对疾病关联基因组信息的系统整理、归档及合理应用配置是未来精准医学的重要基础。血红蛋白病在我国南方发病率高,其分子病理学基础有明显的种族特异性。为助力我国南方血红蛋白病的临床诊断和遗传筛查的应用,本项目团队建立了中国人群血红蛋白病变异谱及表型谱 LOVD 基因变异数据管理系统,并通过设计全面整合和高效分析的在线辅助精确诊断及风险评估系统,展示了基于云端标准化的特定血红蛋白病变异注释库和诊断知识库辅助医生快速做出综合、全面的诊断和遗传咨询的操作。通过数据整合和人工智能技术的结合提高疾病临床决策效率的方法和经验,可为其他疾病的临床和预防应用起示范作用。

Short Review:Mitochondrion and its related disorders:Making a comeback

The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, these diseases display characteristic modes of inheritance and a large degree of phenotypic variability. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer.

Using monochromatic light to measure attenuation length of liquid scintillator solvent LAB

Linear alkylbenzene(LAB) will be used as solvent for the liquid scintillator in the central detector of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. The sheer size of the detector imposes significant challenges and the necessity to further improve the optical transparency of high-quality LAB. In order to study high optical transparencies, we continuously improve our measurement setup and use monochromatic light to measure the attenuation lengths of LAB samples. Moreover, the effects of organic impurities on LAB samples are studied to understand their interaction mechanisms and further improve the optical transparency of LAB.

MGB probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNA11778 mutation in the Chinese LHON patients by real-time PCR

Objective： Leber＇s hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON） is a maternally inherited degeneration of the optic nerve caused by point mutations of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）. Many unsolved questions regarding the penetrance and pathophysiological mechanism of LHON demand efficient and reliable mutation testing. This study aims to develop a minor groove binder （MGB） probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNA11778 mutation and heteroplasmy in Chinese LHON patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Methods： Forty-eight patients suspected of having LHON and their maternal relatives underwent a molecular genetic evaluation, with 20 normal individuals as a control group at the same time. A real-time PCR involving two MGB probes was used to detect the mtDNA 1 1778 mutation and heteroplasmy. A linear standard curve was obtained by pUCmLHONG and pUCmLHONA clones. Results： All 48 LHON patients and their maternal relatives were positive for rntDNA11778 mutation in our assay, 27 heteroplasmic and 21 homoplasmic. Eighteen cases did not show an occurrence of the disease, while 9 developed the disease among the 27 heteroplasmic mutation cases. Eleven did not show an occurrence of the disease, while 10 cases developed the disease among 21 homoplasmic mutation cases. There was a significant difference in the incidence between the heteroplasmic and the homoplasmic mutation types. The time needed for running a real-time PCR assay was only 80 min. Conclusion： This real-time PCR assay is a rapid, reliable method for mtDNA mutation detection as well as heteroplasmy quantification. Detecting this ratio is very important for predicting phenotypic expression of unaffected carriers.

Research on Combined Rehabilitation Method and Its Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Daoyin Technique with Biofeedback Technique

Objective: To study an anti resistance active exercise training method which is consistent with the principle of “transcendental goal power” to promote the plasticity change of central nervous system (CNS) in order to recover the motor function after CNS injury, observe its clinical effect and explore its mechanism. Methods: The potential of CNS was induced by six-step Daoyin technique of Chinese medicine, and the potential signal was received in real time by bio-electrical signal receiving equipment and displayed in curve form. Combined with the Operant conditioning biofeedback technique, targeted guidance was given to patients to continuously enhance the action muscle signal intensity and weaken the antagonistic muscle signal intensity, so that the motor program was gradually re-established. Sixty-four patients with hemiplegic elbow dysfunction of old cerebral infarction who had been trained but could not be improved further and had a history of more than 1 year were treated for one course, 90 times and 45 minutes each time. Lovett, Elbow Rom, Fugl-Meyer, program signal intensity and proportion were evaluated before and after treatment. The data were analyzed statistically. Before and after treatment, Lovett MMT, ROM of elbow joint, Fugl Meyer, motor program signal intensity and proportion were assessed, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results: After treatment and before treatment, there was a significant difference between the functional evaluation data (P < 0.01). The function of elbow joint was improved;this is the result of reconstructing the motor program on the basis of developing the potential of CNS by means of the “transcendental goal power” mechanism of the method. There was no recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The Chinese Medicine Daoyin feedback rehabilitation technique is an effective method to improve elbow joint function of hemiplegia patients with cerebral infarction.

航海类专业半军事化管理的有效路径探究

随着经济全球化的深入发展,建设海洋强国在我国强国战略中的重要性日益凸显。航海类专业承担着培养航海类专业人才的重要使命,在航运业的发展过程中发挥着基础性、全局性和先导性的重要作用。当前,国内高校航海类专业大多采用半军事化(或准军事化)管理模式,旨在通过较为严格的管理制度为学生营造良好的学习生活环境,提高学生的思想和身体素质,为将来匹配航海类就业需求做好前期准备。

Aging behavior of large area MCP–PMT

The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP–PMT). The aging characteristics of the large area MCP–PMTs are different from dynode PMTs and small proximity-focus MCP–PMT. In this work, a prototype large area MCP–PMT was aged by operating with nearly 1000 photoelectrons per pulse for 3 months, and aging process of the MCP–PMT was discussed based on the aging curve.

Characterization of low-resistance ohmic contacts to heavily carbon-doped n-type InGaAsBi films treated by rapid thermal annealing

Carbon-doped In Ga As Bi films on In P:Fe(100)substrates have been grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy(GSMBE).The electrical properties and non-alloyed Ti/Pt/Au contact resistance of n-type carbon-doped In Ga As Bi films were characterized by Van der Pauw-Hall measurement and transmission line method(TLM)with and without rapid thermal annealing(RTA).It was found that the specific contact resistance decreases gradually with the increase of carrier concentration.The electron concentration exhibits a sharp increase,and the specific contact resistance shows a noticeable reduction after RTA.With RTA,the In Ga As Bi film grown under CBr4 supply pressure of 0.18 Torr exhibited a high electron concentration of 1.6×10^(21) cm^(-3) and achieved an ultra-low specific contact resistance of 1×10^(-8)Ω·cm^(2),revealing that contact resistance depends greatly on the tunneling effect.

Effects of growth conditions on optical quality and surface morphology of InGaAsBi

The effects of Bi flux and pressure of AsH3 on Bi incorporation,surface morphology and optical properties of InGa As Bi grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy are studied.It is found that using relatively low pressure of AsH3 and high Bi flux can strengthen the effect on the incorporation of Bi and increase its content linearly with Bi flux until it nearly reaches a saturation value.The result from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy（RBS） confirms that the Bi incorporation can increase up to 1.13%.By adjusting Bi and As flux,we could improve the surface morphology of In Ga As Bi sample.Room temperature photoluminescence shows strong and broad light emission at energy levels much smaller than the In Ga As bandgap.

Analysis of Transcript Variations and the Associated Factors in Chinese Fir

The number and variability of transcripts determine the diversity and complexity of the proteins in a species.To reveal the variations in transcript abundance and the related factors in Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata),we performed second-generation sequencing(RNA-seq)and third-generation sequencing(PacBio)analyses.The forms and rates of alternative splicing in Chinese fir were studied on the basis of the obtained transcripts.Furthermore,the number of full-length transcripts(isoforms)produced by alternative splicing and the variation patterns in‘Long 15'were analyzed.The transcript diversity in Chinese fir was largely caused by six alternative splicing forms,of which intron retention was the most common(47.98%of all alternative splicing events),followed by alternative 3′splice site(24.29%).The third-generation sequencing analysis detected 61613 isoforms in‘Long 15',with each gene producing 1-10 isoforms.Only 0.06%of the genes produced more than 10 isoforms.Transcript abundance was similar among Chinese fir varieties,but 615 more transcripts were detected in‘Long 15'than in clone 1339,implying that‘Long 15'synthesized more protein types in vivo than 1339.This difference may explain why‘Long 15'grows better and is more adaptable to environmental conditions than 1339.An examination of Chinese fir clone Kai6 detected more transcripts after fertilization than following a nutrient stress treatment.Moreover,transcript polymorphism was greater after fertilization than in response to nutrient stress.This finding may be useful for improving fertilizer applications to enhance Chinese fir growth and development.Sequences and alternative splicing forms are critical for research on the Chinese fir transcriptome and the potential biological consequences of alternative splicing.

EFFICIENT TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS of ARBITRARILY SHAPED CONDUCTING WIRE STRUCTURES

We developed an efficient analysis the current induced in the wire structure. The analysis based on the time-Domain Integral Equation, in which a thin wire approximation is used. The time-domain electric field integral equation is used with the moment method to develop a numerical procedure for treating problems of scattering by arbitrary shaped bodies. We present an efficient numerical method for calculating the electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped conducting bodies in the time domain with a comprehensive treatment of a single, straight thin wire. A time domain electric field integral equation is formulated for the problem of an arbitrary shape. The solution method is based on the moment method to solve the straight thin-wire problem.

高铁接触网吊弦标定装备系统研究

针对高铁接触网吊弦标定施工机械化、智能化的作业要求,设计了一款吊弦标定施工装备,能够完成不同跨度吊弦安装位置的连续标定、接触网几何参数的自动测量。介绍了设备系统设计、系统组成、软件组成及外场功能试验等。试验数据表明:综合定位测距方案所有测试数据均小于±20 mm的定位精度要求,选取关键点腕臂定位器中心处接触线参数(导高和拉出值)检测数据误差均小于±5 mm,优于±10 mm的测量精度要求。

Targeting FAPα-positive lymph node metastatic tumor cells suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis

Lymphatic metastasis is the main metastatic route for colorectal cancer, which increases the risk of cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. The properties of the lymph node metastatic colorectal cancer(LNM-CRC) cells are poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we found that hypoxia-induced fibroblast activation protein alpha(FAPα) expression in LNM-CRC cells. Gain-or loss-function experiments demonstrated that FAPα enhanced tumor cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and lymphangiogenesis via activation of the STAT3 pathway. In addition, FAPα in tumor cells induced extracellular matrix remodeling and established an immunosuppressive environment via recruiting regulatory T cells, to promote colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis(CRCLNM). Z-GP-DAVLBH, a FAPα-activated prodrug, inhibited CRCLNM by targeting FAPα-positive LNM-CRC cells. Our study highlights the role of FAPα in tumor cells in CRCLNM and provides a potential therapeutic target and promising strategy for CRCLNM.

Abnormal adipose tissue-derived microbes drive metabolic disorder and exacerbate postnatal growth retardation in piglet

Postnatal growth retardation(PGR)frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality.To date,the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood.Adipose tissue-derived microbes have been documented to be associated with several disorders of metabolism and body growth.However,the connection between microbial disturbance of adipose tissue and pig PGR remains unclear.Here,we investigated piglets with PGR and found that the adipose tissue of PGR piglets was charac-terized by metabolism impairment,adipose abnormality,and specific enrichment of culturable bacteria from Proteobacteria.Gavage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis,a species of Sphingomonas genus from the alphaproteobacteria,induced PGR in piglets.Moreover,this bacterium could also lead to metabolic disorders and susceptibility to acute stress,resulting in weight loss in mice.Mechanistically,multi-omics analysis indicated the changes in lipid metabolism as a response of adipose tissue to abnormal microbial composition.Further experimental tests proved that one of the altered lipids phosphatidylethanolamines could rescue the metabolism disorder and growth retardation,thereby suppressing the amount of Sphingomonas in the adipose tissue.Together,these results highlight that the microbe–host crosstalk may regulate the metabolic function of adipose tissue in response to PGR.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.