In the course of improving and/or designing an energy system,either purely economic criteria,although the overriding criteria,or purely energy-based criteria,although the emphasized criteria,can not separately handle ...In the course of improving and/or designing an energy system,either purely economic criteria,although the overriding criteria,or purely energy-based criteria,although the emphasized criteria,can not separately handle real-world situations in a satisfactory manner.The economic effectiveness and the energy efficiency must be considered simultaneously to demonstrate the conflicting and non-commensurable characteristics of these multiple criteria. An iterative and interactive approach to formulating and solving non-linear multi-criteria decision making problems for the analysis of an energy system is proposed.It allows the decision maker(DM)to learn from the available information and dynamically change his mind.Criterion functions can be treated as objective functions,as constraints or as something in between by the DM.After a series of iterations and interactive procedures,a preferred solution can be made among the non-inferior sets considering thermodynamic criteria and economic criteria simultaneously.A simple example for design of a heat exchanger is used to illustrate the procedure.展开更多
As part of the study on thermophysical properties of HFC-134a,this paper concerns itself with vapor pressure of HFC-134a in the temperature range of 279.15K to 365.15K.A total of 43 measurement data were measured duri...As part of the study on thermophysical properties of HFC-134a,this paper concerns itself with vapor pressure of HFC-134a in the temperature range of 279.15K to 365.15K.A total of 43 measurement data were measured during the experiment which was conducted on a high precision PVTx test apparatus designed by the authors with slight modifications.Uncertainties of temperature was ±10mK and of pressure was ±500Pa.Purity of sample was either 99.95wt% or 99.98wt%.Data resulting from this experiment matched closely with the newest data published internationally.Compared to our proposed equation for calculating vapor pressure of HFC-134a, the RMS deviation of experimental data was only 0.0531%,showing relatively high precision.展开更多
文摘In the course of improving and/or designing an energy system,either purely economic criteria,although the overriding criteria,or purely energy-based criteria,although the emphasized criteria,can not separately handle real-world situations in a satisfactory manner.The economic effectiveness and the energy efficiency must be considered simultaneously to demonstrate the conflicting and non-commensurable characteristics of these multiple criteria. An iterative and interactive approach to formulating and solving non-linear multi-criteria decision making problems for the analysis of an energy system is proposed.It allows the decision maker(DM)to learn from the available information and dynamically change his mind.Criterion functions can be treated as objective functions,as constraints or as something in between by the DM.After a series of iterations and interactive procedures,a preferred solution can be made among the non-inferior sets considering thermodynamic criteria and economic criteria simultaneously.A simple example for design of a heat exchanger is used to illustrate the procedure.
文摘As part of the study on thermophysical properties of HFC-134a,this paper concerns itself with vapor pressure of HFC-134a in the temperature range of 279.15K to 365.15K.A total of 43 measurement data were measured during the experiment which was conducted on a high precision PVTx test apparatus designed by the authors with slight modifications.Uncertainties of temperature was ±10mK and of pressure was ±500Pa.Purity of sample was either 99.95wt% or 99.98wt%.Data resulting from this experiment matched closely with the newest data published internationally.Compared to our proposed equation for calculating vapor pressure of HFC-134a, the RMS deviation of experimental data was only 0.0531%,showing relatively high precision.
