鼻内镜辅助RS泪道插管术治疗儿童先天性鼻泪管阻塞

目的:探讨鼻内镜辅助RS泪道插管术治疗泪道探通无效的儿童先天性鼻泪管阻塞的有效性和安全性,指导临床应用。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。选取2016-09/2019-09在我院就诊的泪道探通无效的先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿158例158眼作为研究对象,患儿均行鼻内镜辅助RS泪道插管术治疗。术后1、3、6mo定期随访。观察患儿性别、年龄、既往泪道探通次数、术前泪道有无分泌物、治疗效果、并发症、鼻泪管阻塞类型。对年龄、探通次数与手术有效率之间的关系做Spearman秩相关系数计算与分析,对不同类型鼻泪管阻塞的手术有效率采用Fisher确切概率法检验,对有无脓性分泌物的手术有效率做χ2检验。结果:总手术有效率为89.9%(142/158)。手术有效率随着年龄增长呈下降的趋势(rs=-1.000,P<0.01)。手术有效率随着泪道探通次数增多呈下降的趋势(rs=-1.000,P<0.01)。膜性鼻泪管阻塞手术有效率高于复杂性鼻泪管阻塞(P<0.05)。有无脓性分泌物两种症状的手术有效率无差异(P>0.05)。主要并发症有:假道16眼(10.1%)、泪道引流管提前脱出14眼(8.9%)、眼红、刺激性溢泪18眼(11.4%)、上下泪点对合黏连3眼(1.9%)、泪点肉芽肿1眼(0.6%)。结论:鼻内镜辅助RS泪道插管术治疗泪道探通无效的儿童先天性鼻泪管阻塞有较高有效率,较好的安全性。手术有效率随着年龄增长而下降,随着泪道探通次数增多而下降,膜性鼻泪管阻塞手术有效率高于复杂性鼻泪管阻塞。

Laser irradiation of graphite foils as robust current collectors for high-mass loaded electrodes of supercapacitors

Conductive substrates with low cost,lightweight,and chemical stability have been highly recognized as alternative current collectors for energy storage devices.Graphite foil is promising to fulfill these requests,whereas the inert surface chemistry denies its possibility as the carrier with high-mass loading active species.Herein,we report a facile yet efficient laser-mediated strategy to fast regulate graphite foils for robustly loading active species.The smooth and hydrophobic graphite foil surface turned to be a rough,super-hydrophilic one containing oxygen-rich clusters after lasering.The reconstructed surface affords anchors for active species,such as nanostruetured MnO_(2),FeOOH,and Fe_(2)O_(3),with the highest loading mass of 20 mg·cm^(-2).The high-mass loading MnO_(2)electrode offers an areal capacitance of 3933 mF·cm^(-2)at 1 mA·cm^(-2).Then,the asymmetric supercapacitor,fabricated by MnO_(2)and Fe_(2)O_(3)deposited laser-irradiated graphite foils,exhibits improved performance with high energy density,large power capability,and long-term stability.The strategy suggests a reliable way to produce alternative current collectors for robust energy storage devices.