Techniques of Discrete Function Transfers into Continuous Function in Practice

One confusing question over a long period of time is how transfer the discrete function transfers into continuous function. Recently the issue has been resolved but some details of the transformation process will be introduced in the paper. The correlation coefficients of 100,000 values are established from the two groups of data with the range between -1 and 1, creating a histogram from these correlation coefficient values known as “the probability mass function.” The coefficient values are brought into the discrete distribution function, so that transfers into the discrete cumulative function, next converted into a continuous cumulative function, next which is differentiated to get the density function, so that it is easy to being research analysis. A model will be established during the process of the conversion what the medium is “the least squares algorithm.” Finally, when the integral of the area within the range of the density function equals to 1, this implies that the transformation complete succeeds from the discrete function to the continuous function.

A Heuristic Approach to the Diagnosis of Transformer’s Insulating Oil

The transformer plays so important equipment in power system that engineers take more measures on the insulating oil of transformer by diagnosis. The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an effective technique for detecting incipient faults in oil-immersed power transformers. So the paper investigates the DGA methods, while employ the ANSI/IEEE C57.104 standards and the Key Gas diagnosis rules as base to develop a fast transformer fault diagnosis method in practice. I designed a report’s form which was so easy to understand that we can have accurate diagnosis what was up in the body of transformer by EXCEL programmed. The user only keys in the measured data of main gases including CO, H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 those gases were taken from ASTM D3612’s instruction. Then the diagnosis result was showed in texts and the plotted figures which were two figures to compare diagnosis the test’s figure with the reference figure of the Key Gas diagnosis rules that was taken the analysis of transformer fault from over past in power system. Last but not least, the proposal offers a simple, quick, and an accurate of diagnosis through human-machine interface. While which was been quickly, simply, and accurately proved on October 25th, 2012 Nan Cou E/S #4 ATr’s insulating oil of diagnosis.

A Hybrid Diagnosis Approach on Transformer’s Insulating Oil

The immersed-oil power transformer is so vital equipment in power system that maintenance-engineers take more monitor from transformer’s insulating oil to diagnose what is condition of operation. Then the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is known for an effective technique on detecting incipient faults in oil-immersed power transformers. In this paper, a practical method is presented which consists of the Roger & Dernenber Ratio Methods, the Linear SVM diagnosis, the Key Gas method and the Specification ANSI/IEEE C57.104 Standard. Thus, incipient faults in power immersed-oil transformers can be directly identified by a report’s form which is so easy understood that we can accurate of diagnosis transformer. The user only keys in the measured data of main gases such as H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and CO those gases were must decompose via ASTM-D3612. The diagnosis result was showed in texts. This paper was taken some data from Taiwan and Siemens Power Company to verify the program that was validation and accuracy of the transformer’s insulating oil diagnosis tool.

A New Approach with Three Dimension Figure and ANSI/IEEE C57.104 Standard Rule Diagnoses Transformer’s Insulating Oil

The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an effective method for detecting incipient faults in immersed oil power transformers. In this paper, we investigate the DGA methods and employ the ANSI/IEEE C57.104 standards (guidelines for the interpretation of gases generated in oil-immersed transformers) and IEC Basic Gas Ratio method to design a heuristic power transformer fault diagnosis tool in practice. The proposed tool is implemented by a MATLAB program and it can provide users a transformer diagnosis result. The user keys in the data of H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 gases dissolved from the immersed oil transformer’s insulating oil measured by ASTM D3612. The analyzed results will be represented in texts and figures. The real measured data of the transformer oil were taken from Taiwan Power Company substations to verify the validation and accuracy of the developed diagnosis tool.