姜黄素抑制BN大鼠脉络膜新生血管的机制研究

目的:探讨姜黄素抑制BN大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的机制。方法:激光光凝诱导BN大鼠36只建立CNV模型,随机分为6组,每组6只。正常组BN大鼠正常饲养,不做干预;实验组BN大鼠行532nm倍频激光光凝后,根据不同分组分别干预14d:模型组:生理盐水灌胃14d;雷珠单抗组:光凝后第2d玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗注射液(10mg/mL,0.2mL/支)1次5μL。姜黄素组:低[100mg/(kg·d)]、中[200mg/(kg·d)]、高[400mg/(kg·d)]剂量的姜黄素混悬液分别灌胃14d。光凝14d后进行眼底照相、FFA与ICGA检查。制作BN大鼠CNV眼组织病理学标本,采用HE染色法观察不同组CNV中央厚度。制作BN大鼠CNV眼组织病理学标本,采用免疫组织化学法观察不同组CNV眼组织中AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路各因子蛋白的表达情况。采用RT-qPCR法检测CNV眼组织中AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路各因子mRNA的相对表达量。采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测CNV眼组织中AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路各因子蛋白的相对表达量。结果:模型组,雷珠单抗组,姜黄素低、中、高剂量组CNV生成率分别为78.18%、73.21%、77.19%、75.86%、74.55%,均大于70%;荧光素渗漏平均光密度值分别为182.12±6.59、119.22±8.03、166.45±8.33、164.34±5.69、149.22±6.45;雷珠单抗组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05);姜黄素低、中、高剂量组较雷珠单抗组显著升高(P<0.05),其中姜黄素高剂量组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示:正常组BN大鼠视网膜组织各层结构清晰、排列整齐。光凝后14d,雷珠单抗组CNV中央厚度较模型组显著减少(P<0.05);姜黄素高剂量组较模型组显著减少(P<0.05),较雷珠单抗组显著增加(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示:正常组BN大鼠视网膜组织结构中AKT、p-AKT、HIF-1α、VEGF因子表达呈阴性,未见棕黄色反应物。光凝后14d,模型组AKT、p-AKT、HIF-1α、VEGF因子的表达高于正常组(P<0.05);雷珠单抗组低于模型组(P<0.05);姜黄素高剂量组的表达较模型组显著降低(P<0.05),较雷珠单抗组显著增加(P<0.05)。mRNA结果显示:光凝后14d,模型组AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF mRNA相对表达量均高于正常组(P<0.05);雷珠单抗组均低于模型组(P<0.05);姜黄素高剂量组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05),较雷珠单抗组显著增加(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示:光凝后14d,AKT蛋白各实验组间比较差异无统计学意义。p-AKT蛋白相对表达量模型组较正常组显著增加(P<0.05);雷珠单抗组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05);姜黄素高剂量组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白相对表达量模型组较正常组显著增加(P<0.05),雷珠单抗组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05),HIF-1α蛋白相对表达量姜黄素高剂量组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05),较雷珠单抗组显著增加(P<0.05)。VEGF蛋白相对表达量姜黄素中、高剂量组较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:400mg/(kg·d)的姜黄素具有抑制BN大鼠实验性CNV的作用。姜黄素抑制BN大鼠实验性CNV的机制可能与降低AKT/p-AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路的活性密切相关。

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

Vav1蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测Vav1蛋白在胃癌患者外周血和肿瘤组织中的表达,并对其相关性和临床意义进行探讨。方法选取行胃癌根治术的200例患者作为手术组,同期就诊的术后复发患者62例作为复发组,年龄、性别相匹配的健康体检者100例作为对照组。取肿瘤组织及正常胃黏膜组织的石蜡标本进行免疫组织化学SP法染色,检测肿瘤组织及周围正常黏膜组织中Vav1蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组外周血中Vav1蛋白的含量。结果手术组患者术前外周血中Vav1浓度高于对照组(P<0.05);术后Vav1浓度下降,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。复发组外周血Vav1水平高于手术组术前水平(P<0.05)。手术组肿瘤组织Vav1蛋白表达较正常胃黏膜升高(P<0.05)。复发组肿瘤组织Vav1蛋白表达较手术组升高(P<0.05)。手术组和复发组患者肿瘤组织与外周血Vav1蛋白表达有相关性(P<0.05)。结论 Vav1蛋白在胃癌患者外周血及肿瘤组织中表达升高,且有相关性。外周血Vav1可作为新的肿瘤标志物,对评价肿瘤变化、预测肿瘤复发有重要意义。

姜黄素通过AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路在体外抑制脉络膜新生血管的机制

目的:探讨姜黄素在体外抑制脉络膜新生血管(CNV)生成的作用及机制。方法:氯化钴(CoCl_(2))诱导人视网膜色素上皮(ARPE-19)细胞建立化学性缺氧模型,采用CCK-8法检测姜黄素对CoCl_(2)诱导的ARPE-19细胞活性的影响,采用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测姜黄素对CoCl_(2)诱导的ARPE-19缺氧模型细胞内AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。采用细胞划痕实验、Transwell小室迁移实验、Transwell小室侵袭实验及Matrigel基质胶管腔形成实验,观察在非接触情况下ARPE-19细胞姜黄素的条件培养液对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的增殖、迁移、侵袭和管腔形成的影响。结果:100μmol/L CoCl_(2)可成功建立ARPE-19细胞化学缺氧模型。CoCl_(2)在100μmol/L浓度下促进ARPE-19细胞中AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF mRNA及p-AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达。姜黄素在浓度为100μmol/L时可减少ARPE-19细胞中AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF mRNA及p-AKT、HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达。ARPE-19细胞姜黄素低(6.25μmol/L)、中(25μmol/L)、高剂量组(100μmol/L)条件培养液可显著抑制HUVEC细胞水平迁移;其中高剂量组条件培养液可显著抑制HUVEC细胞垂直迁移和细胞侵袭。ARPE-19细胞姜黄素中、高剂量组条件培养液可抑制HUVEC细胞管腔形成。结论:姜黄素在100μmol/L对CoCl_(2)诱导ARPE-19细胞缺氧有保护作用。姜黄素可在细胞水平抑制血管的生成。

Continuous regional arterial infusion for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Continuous regional arterial infusion(CRAI) is a drug delivery system, which dramatically increases the drug concentration in the pancreas. Previous clinical and basic studies have demonstrated the possible therapeutic efficacy of CRAI for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). This meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials(RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of CRAI for the treatment of SAP. DATA SOURCES: Up to August 10, 2014, RCTs comparing CRAI with intravenous infusion for SAP in PubM ed, Embase, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Cochrane Library, China Academic Journals Full-Text Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database were selected by two independent reviewers. The relative risk(RR) and their 95% confidence intervals(CI) for duration of elevated serum amylase and urine amylase, duration of abdominal pain, infection rate, incidence of complication, overall mortality, curative rate, hospital stay and details of subgroup analysis were extracted. Meta-analyses were made using the software Review Manager(RevM an version 5.10).RESULTS: Six RCTs with 390 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Compared with intravenous infusion route, CRAI significantly shortened the duration of elevated urine amylase(MD=-2.40, 95% CI=-3.20,-1.60; P<0.00001) and the duration of abdominal pain(MD=-1.46, 95% CI=-1.94,-0.98; P<0.00001), decreased the incidence of complication(RR=0.35, 95% CI=0.15, 0.81; P=0.01) and overall mortality(RR=0.25, 95% CI=0.08, 0.78;P=0.02), shortened the duration of hospital stay(MD=-10.36, 95% CI=-17.05,-3.68; P=0.002), and increased the curative rate(RR=1.66, 95% CI=1.13, 2.46; P=0.01). No mortality and catheter-related infections due to CRAI administration was reported in these studies. Subgroup analysis showed that the combination of drug administration via CRAI did not significantly improve the outcomes.CONCLUSION: CRAI is effective for the treatment of SAP, and the combination of drug administration via CRAI did not have a significant effect on the improvement of the outcomes.

Acupuncture for cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for children with cerebral palsy. DATA SOURCES: We conducted electronic searches of PUBMED(1950/2017), EMBASE(1974/2017), Science Direct(1986/2017), Academic Source Premier(1887/2017), the Cochrane Library(Issue 4, April 2017), Science Citation Index Expanded(1900/2017), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(1915/2017), China Biological Medicine(1990/2017-04), Wan Fang(1980/2017), VIP(1989/2017), and Chinese Science Citation Database(1989/2017). DATA SELECTION: We included randomized controlled trials that aimed to compare the effect of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training versus rehabilitation training alone. Data about functional motor abilities, daily activity/social participation, effective rate, intellectual development, and adverse effects were included. We used Revman 5.2 software for statistical analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included functional motor abilities, daily activity, and effective rate. The secondary outcomes included intellectual development and adverse effects.RESULTS: Twenty-one studies with a total of 1718 participants met the inclusion criteria. The effect size of gross motor function(SMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.76, P < 0.00001; I^2 = 0%, P = 0.69; in 13 studies with 1144 patients) and the total effective rate(RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.37, P < 0.00001; I^2 = 18%, P = 0.27; in 12 studies with 1106 patients) suggested that acupuncture plus rehabilitation produced a significant improvement in gross motor function and a high total effective rate. The pooled fine motor function(SMD = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.62 to 4.34, P < 0.00001; I^2 = 64%, P = 0.10; in 2 studies with 193 patients), modified Ashworth scale scores(SMD = –0.31, 95% CI: –0.52 to –0.11, P = 0.003; I^2 = 74%, P = 0.004; in 5 studies with 363 patients) and activities of daily living(SMD = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.71, P < 0.00001; I^2 = 78%, P = 0.004; in 4 studies with 313 patients) also indicated improvements in children with cerebral palsy. Publication bias was not observed. Only mild adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture plus rehabilitation training improved gross motor function, reduced muscle spasms, and enhanced daily life activities in children with cerebral palsy. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of randomized controlled trials available and the small sample sizes. More high-quality and large-scale studies are needed.

Glutamine dipeptide for parenteral nutrition in abdominal surgery:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM: To assess the clinical and economical validity of glutamine dipeptide supplemented to parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. METHODS: A meta-analysis of all the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. The trials compared the standard PN and PN supplemented with glutamine dipeptide in abdominal surgery. RCTs were identified from the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI web of knowledge (SCI). The search was undertaken in April 2006. Literature references were checked by computer or hand at the same time. Clinical trials were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently. Statistical analysis was performed by RevMan4.2 software from Cochrane Collaboration. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Nine RCTs involving 373 patients were included. The combined results showed that glutamine dipeptide has a positive effect in improving postoperative cumulative nitrogen balance (weighted mean difference (WMD = 8.35, 95% CI [2.98, 13.71], P = 0.002), decreasing postoperative infectious morbidity (OR = 0.24, 95% CI [0.06, 0.93], P = 0.04), shortening the length of hospital stay (WMD= -3.55, 95% CI [-5.26, -1.84], P < 0.00001). No serious adverse effects were found. CONCLUSION: Postoperative PN supplemented with glutamine dipeptide is effective and safe to decrease the infectious rate, reduce the length of hospital stay and improve nitrogen balance in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Further high quality trials in children and severe patients are required, and mortality and hospital cost should be considered in future RCTs with sufficient size and rigorous design.

Clinical significance of telomerase activity in peritoneal lavage fluid from patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with cellular proliferation

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of telomerase activity assay and peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) examination in peritoneal lavage fluid for the prediction of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between telomerase activity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. METHODS: Telomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity in 60 patients with gastric cancer and 50 with peptic ulcer. PLC analysis of the 60 patients with gastric cancer was used for comparison. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric carcinoma was immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS: The telomerase activity and PLC positive rate in peritoneal lavage fluid from patients with gastric cancer was 41.7/ (25/60), and 25.0/ (15/60), respectively. The positive rate of telomerase activity was significantly higher than that of PLC in the group of pT4 (15/16 vs 9/16, P < 0.05), P1-3 (13/13 vs 9/13, P < 0.05) and diffuse type (22/42 vs 13/42, P < 0.05). The patients with positive telomerase activity, peritoneal metastasis, and serosal invasion had signifi cantly higher levels of average PCNA proliferation index (PI), (55.00 ± 6.59 vs 27.43 ± 7.72, 57.26 ± 10.18 vs 29.15 ± 8.31, and 49.82 ± 6.74 vs 24.65 ± 7.33, respectively, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The TRAP assay for telomerase activity is a useful adjunct for cytologic method in the diagnosis of peritoneal micrometastasis and well related to higher proliferating activity of gastric cancer. The results of this study also suggest a promising future therapeutic strategy for treating peritoneal dissemination based on telomerase inhibition.

Use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis:A meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the clinical outcomes of pre-, pro-and synbiotics therapy in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for all relevant randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of pre-, pro- or synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis. Main outcome measures were postoperative infections, pancreatic infections, multiple organ failure (MOF), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), length of hospital stay, antibiotic therapy and mortality. RESULTS: Seven randomized studies with 559 acute pancreatic patients were included. Pre-, pro-or synbiot-ics treatment showed no influence on the incidence of postoperative infections [odds ratios (OR) 0.30, 95% conf idence interval (CI): 0.09-1.02, P = 0.05], pancre- atic infection (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.12-2.17, P = 0.36), MOF (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.21, P = 0.79) and SIRS (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.20-2.98, P = 0.71). There were also no signif icant differences in the length of antibiotic therapy (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50-1.14, P = 0.18) and the mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25-2.24, P = 0.61). However, Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment was associ- ated with a reduced length of hospital stay (OR -3.87, 95% CI: -6.20 to -1.54, P = 0.001). When stratifying for the severity of acute pancreatitis, the main results were similar. CONCLUSION: Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment shows no significant influence on patients with acute pancreatitis. There is a lack of evidence to support the use of probiotics/synbiotics in this area.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii supernatant ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis by regulating Th17 cell differentiation

AIM: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii(F. prausnitzii) supernatant on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) induced colitis in mice.METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J male mice were randomlydivided into four groups: control group, model group, treatment group, and prevention group. Mice were weighed daily. On day 10, the colon length was measured, the colorectal histopathologic damage score(HDS) was assessed, and plasma interleukin(IL)-17 A, IL-6, and IL-4 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt(RORγt) and IL-17 A in colon inflammatory mucosa tissue were determined by immunohistochemical assay, and the expression levels of RORγt m RNA, IL-17 A m RNA, and IL-6 m RNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The proportion of Th17 in mononuclear cells in spleen was assayed by fluorescence activated cell sorter. RESULTS: When compared with the model group, the colon length(P < 0.05) and body weight(P < 0.01) in the treatment and prevention groups were significantly increased, and the colon HDS was decreased(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the treatment group and prevention group. After treatment with F. prausnitzii supernatant, the plasma levels of IL-17 A and IL-6(P < 0.05), the protein and m RNA expression of IL-17 A and RORγt, and the Th17 cell ratio of spleen cells(P < 0.01) were significantly decreased compared to the model group. Plasma IL-4 level in the prevention group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between these two groups in the expression of IL-6 in both the plasma and colon mucosa tissues.CONCLUSION: F. prausnitzii supernatant exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice, probably via inhibition of Th17 differentiation and IL- 17A secretion in the plasma and colon mucosa tissues. It can also improve colitis in mice by downregulating IL-6 and prevent colitis by upregulating IL-4.

肠镜与多层螺旋CT小肠造影对炎症性肠病的诊断价值评估

目的探讨肠镜与多层螺旋CT小肠造影(MSCTE)对炎症性肠病(IBD)的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析2018年5月13日-2019年6月13日该院消化科76例经病理确诊为IBD患者的肠镜和MSCTE影像学检查资料,观察分析肠黏膜溃疡、多节段性病变、鹅卵石征、肠息肉、肠壁强化、肠壁增厚、结肠带消失、瘘管形成与腹腔脓肿的情况,并利用统计学方法对两项检查进行诊断效能的评估和分析。结果肠镜对IBD的诊断敏感性、特异性分别为98.68%和90.00%,肠镜和病理诊断结果的一致性较好(Kappa=0.77);MSCTE对IBD的诊断敏感性、特异性分别为88.16%和25.00%,MSCTE和病理诊断结果的一致性一般(Kappa=0.50)。MSCTE对IBD的诊断敏感性、特异性均明显低于肠镜,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肠镜+MSCTE对IBD的诊断敏感性、特异性分别为100.00%和95.00%,其与病理诊断结果的一致性较好(Kappa=0.84)。肠镜对于诊断IBD患者中肠壁溃疡、肠息肉、瘘管形成、鹅卵石征和结肠带消失有较高的诊断敏感性,但对瘘管形成的诊断特异性极低,MSCTE对肠壁增厚、肠壁强化和瘘管形成的敏感性均为100.00%,但对肠息肉、多节段病变的诊断特异性极低。结论肠镜仍是目前临床上诊断IBD的首选方式,对于身体状况不耐受和合并肠壁増厚、瘘管形成和腹腔脓肿等并发症的患者,则需要MSCTE才能获得全面、准确的诊断。肠镜和MSCTE的联合检查方式,对于IBD的诊断具有更高的临床价值。

Nucleus tractus solitarius mediates hyperalgesia induced by chronic pancreatitis in rats

BACKGROUND Central sensitization plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis(CP).We hypothesized that the nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS),a primary central site that integrates pancreatic afferents apart from the thoracic spinal dorsal horn,plays a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of CP.AIM To investigate the role of the NTS in the visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic pancreatitis.METHODS CP was induced by the intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)in rats.Pancreatic hyperalgesia was assessed by referred somatic pain via von Frey filament assay.Neural activation of the NTS was indicated by immunohistochemical staining for Fos.Basic synaptic transmission within the NTS was assessed by electrophysiological recordings.Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters(VGluTs),N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B(NR2B),andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1(GluR1)was analyzed by immunoblotting.Membrane insertion of NR2B and GluR1 was evaluated by electron microscopy.The regulatory role of the NTS in visceral hypersensitivity was detected via pharmacological approach and chemogenetics in CP rats.RESULTS TNBS treatment significantly increased the number of Fos-expressing neurons within the caudal NTS.The excitatory synaptic transmission was substantially potentiated within the caudal NTS in CP rats(frequency:5.87±1.12 Hz in CP rats vs 2.55±0.44 Hz in sham rats,P<0.01;amplitude:19.60±1.39 pA in CP rats vs 14.71±1.07 pA in sham rats;P<0.01).CP rats showed upregulated expression of VGluT2,and increased phosphorylation and postsynaptic trafficking of NR2B and GluR1 within the caudal NTS.Blocking excitatory synaptic transmission via the AMPAR antagonist CNQX and the NMDAR antagonist AP-5 microinjection reversed visceral hypersensitivity in CP rats(abdominal withdraw threshold:7.00±1.02 g in CNQX group,8.00±0.81 g in AP-5 group and 1.10±0.27 g in saline group,P<0.001).Inhibiting the excitability of NTS neurons via chemogenetics also significantly attenuated pancreatic hyperalgesia(abdominal withdraw threshold:13.67±2.55 g in Gi group,2.00±1.37 g in Gq group,and 2.36±0.67 g in mCherry group,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that enhanced excitatory transmission within the caudal NTS contributes to pancreatic pain and emphasize the NTS as a pivotal hub for the processing of pancreatic afferents,which provide novel insights into the central sensitization of painful CP.

Short-term application of low-dose growth hormone in surgical patients: Effects on nitrogen balance and blood glucose

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of re- combinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in postopera- tive patients. METHODS: A total of 48 consecutive patients undergo- ing abdominal operations were randomized to receive either subcutaneous rhGH (0.15 IU/kg) or placebo (men- struum) injections daily for 7 d after surgery. The two groups had similar nutritional intake. Blood samples for serum fibronectin, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and the total lymphocyte count, as well as glucose levels were collected to study the rhGH effect. Basal laboratory evaluation, and nutritional status were estimated on d 1 before as baseline and d 3 and 10 after operation using standard laboratory techniques. Nitrogen balance was measured from d 3 to 9 after operation. RESULTS: The cumulative nitrogen balance was signifi- cantly improved in rhGH group compared with the pla- cebo group (11.37 ± 16.82 vs -9.11 ± 17.52, P = 0.0003). Serum fibronectin was also significantly higher in the rhGH group than in the placebo group (104.77 ± 19.94 vs 93.03 ± 16.03, P < 0.05), whereas changes in serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and total lymphocyte counts were not statistically significant. Mean blood glu- cose levels were significantly higher in the rhGH group from d 3 to 6 after operation. CONCLUSION: If blood glucose can be controlled, low- dose growth hormone together with hypocaloric nutrition is effective on improving positive nitrogen balance and protein conservation and safe is in postoperative patients.

Effects of short-term application of low-dose growth hormone on trace element metabolism and blood glucose in surgical patients

瞄准：在外科的病人在踪迹元素新陈代谢和血葡萄糖上调查低剂量的生长激素的短期的申请的效果。方法：经历腹部手术的 48 个连续病人的一个总数被使随机化收到下的 rhGH (0.15 IU/kg ) 或安慰剂(溶媒) 为在外科以后的 7 d 的注射日报。二个组有类似的营养吸入。血，排汇物，尿和排水管样品被收集测量锌嗯，象葡萄糖层次一样的铜和铁。锌的积聚的吸入，排泄和平衡嗯，铜和铁，明显的吸收(AA ) 和锌的明显的利用(AU ) 嗯，铜和铁，血葡萄糖层次和不利事件被估计。结果：在在二个组之间的积聚的吸入和排水管排泄没有差别。排汇物排泄和铜的积聚的排泄在 rhGH 组是更低的(P 【 0.05 ) 。锌的尿排泄嗯，铜和铁都显著地在 rhGH 组被减少(P 【 0.05 ) 并且锌的积聚的平衡嗯，铜和铁与安慰剂组相比被改进(P 【 0.05 ) 。在 rhGH 组的铜的 AA 是几乎两次像安慰剂一样组织(P 【 0.05 ) ，并且锌的 AU 嗯，铜和铁都在 rhGH 组被改进(P 【 0.05 ) 。吝啬的血葡萄糖水平比在从 d 的安慰剂组在 rhGH 组是显著地更高的 3 到 d 6 在操作以后(P 【 0.05 ) 。结论：手术后的低剂量的 rhGH 处理改进锌的保留嗯，铜和铁和减少锌的排泄嗯，铜和铁，改进锌的平衡嗯，铜和铁，并且支持锌的 AA 和 AU 嗯，铜和铁。没有重要不利效果， rhGH 能很好被容忍，血葡萄糖水平能是控制的井。

Clinical distribution and molecular profiling on postoperative colorectal cancer patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes

Background:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,also named syndrome,are comprehensive and integral analyses of clinical information which helps to guide different individualized treatment prescriptions.Methods:Thirty healthy controls and 80 colorectal cancer(CRC)patients(including 33 Spleen Qi Deficiency syndrome,23 Dampness Heat syndrome,17 Blood Stasis syndrome and 7 other syndrome)were enrolled into this study.Human mRNAs were extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.The gene expression for CRC patients with different TCM syndrome was determined by microarray and qRT-PCR.Results:Spleen Qi Deficiency,Dampness Heat and Blood Stasis were the most common syndromes in CRC patients.There is a significant difference was found in mRNA expression levels(especially for PIK3CA,STAT3,SOX9 and KDM5C)among Spleen Qi Deficiency,Dampness Heat and Blood Stasis syndrome groups.The higher mRNA levels of JNK1,TP53,MLH1,MSH6,PMS2,SOCS3,TCF7L2,FAM123B,PSAP,FBXW7,SALL4 and the lower expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were found in Spleen Qi Deficiency group but not other syndrome types.The higher mRNA levels of KRAS,MUC16,EGFR,GRASP65,PIK3CA,MAPK7,CD24,STAT3,SLC11A1,Bcl-2,TXNDC17 and some inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,IL-23,TNF-a,CXCR4)were found in Dampness Heat group but not other syndrome types.Blood Stasis syndrome showed higher expression of SOX9,MLH1,MSH6,KDM5C,PCDH11X,PSAP and SALL4,and lower mRNA levels of PIK3CA,CD24,STAT3,CXCR4,TXNDC17 and TP53.The CRC patients with Dampness Heat syndrome might have a poor prognosis than other syndrome types.Conclusion:The identification of syndrome conditions had different impacts on CRC prognosis,and which might be related with different mRNA expression levels.Some oncogenes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in Dampness Heat group but not other syndrome types,suggesting that the CRC patients with Dampness Heat syndrome might have a poor prognosis.Our results prelimitarily uncovered the molecular basis of syndrome differences in CRC prognosis,a better understanding for TCM treatment of CRC.

Seed caching and cache pilferage by three rodent species in a temperate forest in the Xiaoxinganling Mountains

Although differences in food-hoarding tactics both reflect a behavioral response to cache pilferage among rodent species and may help explain their coexistence, differentiation in cache pilfering abilities among sympatric rodents with different hoarding strategies is seldom addressed. We carried out semi-natural enclosure experiments to investigate seed hoarding tactics among three sympatric rodent species (Tamias sibiricus, Apodemus peninsulae and Clethrionomys rufocanus) and the relationship of their pilfering abilities at the inter- and intraspecific levels. Our results showed that T. sibiricus exhibited a relatively stronger pilfering ability than A. peninsulae and C. rufocanus, as indicated by its higher recovery rate of artificial caches. Meanwhile A. peninsulae showed a medium pilfering ability and C. rufocanus displayed the lowest ability. We also noted that both cache size and cache depth significantly affected cache recovery in all three species. T. sibiricus scatter-hoarded more seeds than it larder-hoarded, A. peninsulae larder-hoarded more than scatter-hoarded, and C. rufocanus acted as a pure larder-hoarder. In T. sibiricus, individuals with lower pilfering abilities tended to scatter hoard seeds, indicating an intraspecific variation in hoarding propensity. Collectively, these results indicated that sympatric rodent species seem to deploy different food hoarding tactics that allow their coexistence in the temperate forests, suggesting a strong connection between hoarding strategy and pilfering ability.

Seed caching and cache pilferage by three rodent species in a temperate forest in the Xiaoxinganling Mountains

Although differences in food-hoarding tactics both reflect a behavioral response to cache pilferage among rodent species and may help explain their coexistence,differentiation in cache pilfering abilities among sympatric rodents with different hoarding strategies is seldom addressed.We carried out semi-natural enclosure experiments to investigate seed hoarding tactics among three sympatric rodent species(Tamias sibiricus,Apodemus peninsulae and Clethrionomys rufocanus)and the relationship of their pilfering abilities at the inter-and intraspecific levels.Our results showed that T.sibiricus exhibited a relatively stronger pilfering ability than A.peninsulae and C.rufocanus,as indicated by its higher recovery rate of artificial caches.Meanwhile A.peninsulae showed a medium pilfering ability and C.rufocanus displayed the lowest ability.We also noted that both cache size and cache depth significantly affected cache recovery in all three species.T.sibiricus scatter-hoarded more seeds than it larder-hoarded,A.peninsulae larder-hoarded more than scatter-hoarded,and C.rufocanus acted as a pure larder-hoarder.In T.sibiricus,individuals with lower pilfering abilities tended to scatter hoard seeds,indicating an intraspecific variation in hoarding propensity.Collectively,these results indicated that sympatric rodent species seem to deploy different food hoarding tactics that allow their coexistence in the temperate forests,suggesting a strong connection between hoarding strategy and pilfering ability.

Publication patterns and citation analysis of APJTM during 2008 and June 2014

Objective:To draw on data about publication patterns and citation indicators oi Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM)during 2008 and June 2014 in order to know about the current state of the journal.Methods:Data used in this study were collected based on publications in APJTM from 2008 to June,2014.Information including publication issue,type of manuscript,country/region of corresponding author,funded research paper,and international collaboration were aggregated and analyzed with Excel software.Citation indicators including total cites,average cites of each manuscript,h-index,and impact factors were primarily drawn from Web of Science database on June 15,2014 and changes over the past six and half years were interpreted.The top 10 most cited papers in Web of Science^(TM) database were also analyzed.Results:Number of all submissions has arisen from less than 200 in 2008 to over 1 500 in 2013.manuscript acceptance rate has decreased to be less than 14.00%indicating its improvement in quality over this period of time.Out of the 1115 publiations.23.77%were fruits of funded projects or produced by funded co-authors.87.08%of all publications in APJTM were submited by authors from 10 most contributed countries.During the studied period,each published manuscript in the journal has received an average oi 1.05 cites,and at least 10 publications has been cited for more10 times.Conclusion:Detailed analysis shows APJTM has made great progress over the past six and half years,but authors' originating countries are still disproportionate.Efforts should be made to improve its citation indicators.

Effects of Tirofiban and Nicorandil on Effective Reperfusion and the Levels of IL-4 and sICAM-1 After PCI for Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion

Aim:The effects of tirofiban combined with nicorandil on effective reperfusion,and the levels of interleukin-4(IL-4)and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for chronic coronary total occlusion(CTO)were investigated.Method:From January 1,2017,to June 31,2019,a total of 40 patients with CTO receiving PCI in Shandong Qian-foshan Hospital were randomly divided into a control group(treated with single tirofiban)and a cocktail group(treated with nicorandil combined with tirofiban).Effective reperfusion was compared between groups.In addition,differences in coronary serum IL-4 and sICAM-1 levels before and 10 min after the operation were compared between groups,and the incidence rates of adverse reactions were observed.Finally,patient follow-up occurred at 1 month and 6 months,and the total incidence rates of adverse cardiac events in both groups were assessed.Results:The levels of IL-4 and sICAM-1 in the cocktail group significantly decreased after the operation(P<0.05).In addition,after the operation,significantly greater decreases in the IL-4 and sICAM-1 levels were observed in the cocktail group than the control group(P<0.05).The Seattle Angina Scale(SAQ)score of the cocktail group,compared with the control group,showed a significant improvement after vessel opening in the patients with CTO.At the 1-month follow-up,the SAQ score of the cocktail group,compared with the control group,indicated further improvements in terms of angina attack frequency.No significant differences were observed in the incidence rates of adverse reactions between groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of patients with CTO undergoing PCI with nicorandil and tirofiban alleviated the inflam-matory response,improved the SAQ scores,and decreased the occurrence of angina pectoris in patients.Moreover,this treatment is safe and reliable,and has important clinical significance.

Clinical observation on the treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis with meridian acupoint massage combined with curvature traction

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of meridian acupoint massage combined with curvature traction on sympathetic cervical spondylosis its influence on heart rate variability and norepinephrine concentration.Methods:80 patients with sympathetic cervical spondylosis were divided into the treatment group and control group randomly,with 40 patients in each group.Patients in the two groups were treated with massage on the basis of curvature traction.Among them,the treatment group was treated with meridian acupoint massage,while the control group was treated with routine massage.Each subject was treated once a day for 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,VAS,NRS,"20 score method",NDI,JOA,and Borden's method were used to evaluate the pain,sympathetic symptoms and cervical function of the two groups.At the same time,the changes of RR interval standard deviation and urine noradrenaline concentration were also observed.Finally the clinical efficacy of the two groups were evaluated.Results:The cure rate of the treatment group was 62.50%,while it was 40.00%in the control group,and the effective rate of the treatment group was 95.00%,the total effective rate of the control group was 80.00%,the treatment group was superior to the control group in both cure rate and total effective rate(P<0.05).During post-therapy,VAS score,NRS score,sympathetic symptom score,cervical physiological curvature,NDI score,and noradrenaline concentration in urine in both groups were lower than those of pre-treatment(P<0.01),JOA score and heart rate variability SDNN value were significantly higher(P<0.01),and the treatment group was superior to the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Meridian acupoint massage combined with curvature traction has a significant clinical effect on sympathetic cervical spondylosis,which is worth further promotion and application.