BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB) is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and or...BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB) is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and organisms and how it influences immune responses remain unresolved.AIM To investigate the role of UCB in intestinal barrier function and immune inflammation in mice with dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 3%(w/v) dextran sulfate sodium salt in drinking water for 6 d followed by untreated water for 2 d. Concurrently, mice with colitis were administered 0.2 mL UCB(400 μmol/L) by intra-gastric gavage for 7 d.Disease activity index(DAI) was monitored daily. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The length of the colon and weight of the spleen were recorded. Serum level of D-lactate, intestinal digestive proteases activity, and changes to the gut flora were analyzed. In addition, colonic specimens were analyzed by histology and for expression of inflammatory markers and proteins.RESULTS Mice treated with UCB had significantly relieved severity of colitis, including lower DAI, longer colon length, and lower spleen weight(colon length: 4.92 ±0.09 cm vs 3.9 ± 0.15 cm; spleen weight: 0.33 ± 0.04 vs 0.74 ± 0.04, P < 0.001). UCB administration inactivated digestive proteases(chymotrypsin: 18.70 ± 0.69 U/g vs44.81 ± 8.60 U/g; trypsin: 1.52 ± 0.23 U/g vs 9.05 ± 1.77 U/g, P < 0.01), increased expression of tight junction(0.99 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), decreased serum level of D-lactate(31.76 ± 3.37 μmol/L vs 54.25 ± 1.45 μmol/L, P < 0.001), and lowered histopathological score(4 ± 0.57 vs 7 ± 0.57, P < 0.001) and activity of myeloperoxidase(46.79 ± 2.57 U/g vs 110.32 ± 19.19 U/g, P < 0.001). UCB also regulated the intestinal microbiota, inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α and interleukin 1β(TNF-α: 52.61 ± 7.81 pg/mg vs 105.04 ± 11.92 pg/mg,interleukin 1β: 13.43 ± 1.68 vs 32.41 ± 4.62 pg/mg, P < 0.001), decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4(0.61 ± 0.09 vs 1.07 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(0.73 ± 0.08 vs 1.01 ± 0.07, P <0.05), and increased expression of TNF-receptor-associated factor 6(0.79 ± 0.02 vs0.43 ± 0.09 P < 0.05) and inhibitor of kappa B α(0.93 ± 0.07 vs 0.72 ± 0.07, P < 0.05)in the colon.CONCLUSION UCB can protect intestinal barrier function, regulate normal intestinal homeostasis, and suppress inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Over the last 40 years,with accumulating evidence demonstrating a significant increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis(UC)in China,the number of studies on UC has been rapidly increasing.But it still...BACKGROUND Over the last 40 years,with accumulating evidence demonstrating a significant increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis(UC)in China,the number of studies on UC has been rapidly increasing.But it still lacks a comprehensive metaanalysis of publications regarding UC for the last four decades in China.Thus,a bibliometric analysis of UC is warranted to investigate the trend and distribution of the publications on UC in China in recent years.And it is supposed that the number of the papers related to UC increased by year.AIM To investigate the current status of research output from Chinese studies related to UC during the period of 1978 to 2017,with special attention paid to the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations.METHODS Publications on UC were searched in the Chinese periodical database SinoMed from January 1978 to December 2017.The search term used for retrieval was“ulcerative colitis”.The language of the publications was restricted to English or Chinese.The studies have to be performed in China.Then,a bibliometric analysis was performed on the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations with EndNote,Excel,MySQL,and GraphPad Prism.RESULTS A total of 16257 papers matched the search criteria,which included 7561 papers published in core journals,4641 evidence-based articles,and 4177 publications of randomized controlled trials.These papers were mainly published in Chinese Journal of Coloproctology,World Chinese Journal of Digestology,Chinese Journal of Digestion,Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Digestion,and Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.In particular,the majority of these organizations were located in Jiangsu,Henan,Shandong,and Guangdong Provinces which are rich areas or have the largest population per province.Most of these studies were conducted by academic institutions.CONCLUSION Over the past four decades,the output of research into UC in China has increased significantly,with academic institutions playing a central role in the academic field,but the number and quality of these researches vary substantially among different regions.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Foundation of China,No.81703232
文摘BACKGROUND Unconjugated bilirubin(UCB) is generally considered toxic but has gained recent prominence for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of it on the interaction between intestinal flora and organisms and how it influences immune responses remain unresolved.AIM To investigate the role of UCB in intestinal barrier function and immune inflammation in mice with dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 3%(w/v) dextran sulfate sodium salt in drinking water for 6 d followed by untreated water for 2 d. Concurrently, mice with colitis were administered 0.2 mL UCB(400 μmol/L) by intra-gastric gavage for 7 d.Disease activity index(DAI) was monitored daily. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The length of the colon and weight of the spleen were recorded. Serum level of D-lactate, intestinal digestive proteases activity, and changes to the gut flora were analyzed. In addition, colonic specimens were analyzed by histology and for expression of inflammatory markers and proteins.RESULTS Mice treated with UCB had significantly relieved severity of colitis, including lower DAI, longer colon length, and lower spleen weight(colon length: 4.92 ±0.09 cm vs 3.9 ± 0.15 cm; spleen weight: 0.33 ± 0.04 vs 0.74 ± 0.04, P < 0.001). UCB administration inactivated digestive proteases(chymotrypsin: 18.70 ± 0.69 U/g vs44.81 ± 8.60 U/g; trypsin: 1.52 ± 0.23 U/g vs 9.05 ± 1.77 U/g, P < 0.01), increased expression of tight junction(0.99 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), decreased serum level of D-lactate(31.76 ± 3.37 μmol/L vs 54.25 ± 1.45 μmol/L, P < 0.001), and lowered histopathological score(4 ± 0.57 vs 7 ± 0.57, P < 0.001) and activity of myeloperoxidase(46.79 ± 2.57 U/g vs 110.32 ± 19.19 U/g, P < 0.001). UCB also regulated the intestinal microbiota, inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α and interleukin 1β(TNF-α: 52.61 ± 7.81 pg/mg vs 105.04 ± 11.92 pg/mg,interleukin 1β: 13.43 ± 1.68 vs 32.41 ± 4.62 pg/mg, P < 0.001), decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4(0.61 ± 0.09 vs 1.07 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(0.73 ± 0.08 vs 1.01 ± 0.07, P <0.05), and increased expression of TNF-receptor-associated factor 6(0.79 ± 0.02 vs0.43 ± 0.09 P < 0.05) and inhibitor of kappa B α(0.93 ± 0.07 vs 0.72 ± 0.07, P < 0.05)in the colon.CONCLUSION UCB can protect intestinal barrier function, regulate normal intestinal homeostasis, and suppress inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.815705021.3.5.Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZYJC18037.
文摘BACKGROUND Over the last 40 years,with accumulating evidence demonstrating a significant increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis(UC)in China,the number of studies on UC has been rapidly increasing.But it still lacks a comprehensive metaanalysis of publications regarding UC for the last four decades in China.Thus,a bibliometric analysis of UC is warranted to investigate the trend and distribution of the publications on UC in China in recent years.And it is supposed that the number of the papers related to UC increased by year.AIM To investigate the current status of research output from Chinese studies related to UC during the period of 1978 to 2017,with special attention paid to the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations.METHODS Publications on UC were searched in the Chinese periodical database SinoMed from January 1978 to December 2017.The search term used for retrieval was“ulcerative colitis”.The language of the publications was restricted to English or Chinese.The studies have to be performed in China.Then,a bibliometric analysis was performed on the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations with EndNote,Excel,MySQL,and GraphPad Prism.RESULTS A total of 16257 papers matched the search criteria,which included 7561 papers published in core journals,4641 evidence-based articles,and 4177 publications of randomized controlled trials.These papers were mainly published in Chinese Journal of Coloproctology,World Chinese Journal of Digestology,Chinese Journal of Digestion,Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Digestion,and Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.In particular,the majority of these organizations were located in Jiangsu,Henan,Shandong,and Guangdong Provinces which are rich areas or have the largest population per province.Most of these studies were conducted by academic institutions.CONCLUSION Over the past four decades,the output of research into UC in China has increased significantly,with academic institutions playing a central role in the academic field,but the number and quality of these researches vary substantially among different regions.
