Owing to their distinctive optical and physical properties,organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have gained significant attention in the field of electronic devices,especially solar cells.The achievement of h...Owing to their distinctive optical and physical properties,organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have gained significant attention in the field of electronic devices,especially solar cells.The achievement of high-performance solar cells hinges upon the utilization of top-notch perovskite thin films.Nevertheless,the fabrication process involving solutions and the polycrystalline nature of perovskite result in the emergence of numerous defects within the perovskite films,consequently exerting a deleterious influence on the overall performance and stability of the devices.Improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells by additive engineering to suppress/passivate defects is a viable approach,which involves hydrogen bond interactions in these device engineering processes.This review explores the intrinsic hydrogen bonds in methylammonium and formamidium lead triiodide,while also considering cation rotations,phase transitions,and stability.Moreover,the review classifies additives into distinct categories,including organic small molecules,polymers,nanodots,classical salts,ionic liquids,and molten salts.The various forms and characterization techniques of hydrogen bonds are discussed,as well as their potential synergistic effects in conjunction with other chemical interactions.Furthermore,this review offers insights into the potential utilization of hydrogen bonds to further enhance the performance and stability of devices.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion A general and practical protocol for the construction of diversified sulfur heterocycles has been described through organic electrosynthesis means.In undivided cell,dihydrothiophenes,th...Main observation and conclusion A general and practical protocol for the construction of diversified sulfur heterocycles has been described through organic electrosynthesis means.In undivided cell,dihydrothiophenes,thiazolines and 1,4-dithiines could be easily generated from various availableβ-ketothioamides under metal-free and external oxidant-free conditions.展开更多
Objective: Qianggan(QG) extract is a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). However, its mechanism remains unclear. Methods: T...Objective: Qianggan(QG) extract is a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). However, its mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The efficacy of QG was evaluated in mice with methionine-and-choline-deficient diet-induced NASH by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels and by H and E staining of liver sections. Microarray and bioinformatics analyses were performed to obtain hepatic micro RNA(mi RNA) and m RNA expression profiles and to mine potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, representative mi RNA and m RNA expression levels were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR). Results: QG extract significantly improved NASH. Twelve differentially expressed mi RNAs and 1124 differentially changed m RNAs were identified as potential targets of QG extract. Integrated analysis detected 976 mi RNA–m RNA regulatory pairs, and networks including 11 mi RNAs and 427 m RNAs were constructed by Cytoscape. Hub nodes including mi R-7050-5p, mi R-212-3p, Bcl2l11, and Kras were filtered out. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that 427 m RNAs were enriched in pathways including apoptotic process, immune response, Fox O signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network with 254 nodes, and identified hub genes including Kras, Fasl, and Ncam1. Finally, the results of q RT-PCR were in good accordance with microarray data. Conclusion: This study identified important hub mi RNAs and m RNAs involved in the mechanism of QG extract and which might provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with NASH.展开更多
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.201909121).
文摘Owing to their distinctive optical and physical properties,organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have gained significant attention in the field of electronic devices,especially solar cells.The achievement of high-performance solar cells hinges upon the utilization of top-notch perovskite thin films.Nevertheless,the fabrication process involving solutions and the polycrystalline nature of perovskite result in the emergence of numerous defects within the perovskite films,consequently exerting a deleterious influence on the overall performance and stability of the devices.Improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells by additive engineering to suppress/passivate defects is a viable approach,which involves hydrogen bond interactions in these device engineering processes.This review explores the intrinsic hydrogen bonds in methylammonium and formamidium lead triiodide,while also considering cation rotations,phase transitions,and stability.Moreover,the review classifies additives into distinct categories,including organic small molecules,polymers,nanodots,classical salts,ionic liquids,and molten salts.The various forms and characterization techniques of hydrogen bonds are discussed,as well as their potential synergistic effects in conjunction with other chemical interactions.Furthermore,this review offers insights into the potential utilization of hydrogen bonds to further enhance the performance and stability of devices.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801152 and 21572110)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019BB005 and ZR2019MB010).
文摘Main observation and conclusion A general and practical protocol for the construction of diversified sulfur heterocycles has been described through organic electrosynthesis means.In undivided cell,dihydrothiophenes,thiazolines and 1,4-dithiines could be easily generated from various availableβ-ketothioamides under metal-free and external oxidant-free conditions.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2017ZX09301-068)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81620108030)the Shanghai innovation project of TCM (No.ZYKC201601005)。
文摘Objective: Qianggan(QG) extract is a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). However, its mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The efficacy of QG was evaluated in mice with methionine-and-choline-deficient diet-induced NASH by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels and by H and E staining of liver sections. Microarray and bioinformatics analyses were performed to obtain hepatic micro RNA(mi RNA) and m RNA expression profiles and to mine potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, representative mi RNA and m RNA expression levels were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR). Results: QG extract significantly improved NASH. Twelve differentially expressed mi RNAs and 1124 differentially changed m RNAs were identified as potential targets of QG extract. Integrated analysis detected 976 mi RNA–m RNA regulatory pairs, and networks including 11 mi RNAs and 427 m RNAs were constructed by Cytoscape. Hub nodes including mi R-7050-5p, mi R-212-3p, Bcl2l11, and Kras were filtered out. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that 427 m RNAs were enriched in pathways including apoptotic process, immune response, Fox O signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network with 254 nodes, and identified hub genes including Kras, Fasl, and Ncam1. Finally, the results of q RT-PCR were in good accordance with microarray data. Conclusion: This study identified important hub mi RNAs and m RNAs involved in the mechanism of QG extract and which might provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with NASH.
