This paper aims to evaluate the individual and joint toxicities of cadmium sulfate （CdSO4） and α-naphthoflavone （ANF） in zebrafish embryos. As a result, CdSO4 caused both lethal and sub-lethal effects, such as 24...This paper aims to evaluate the individual and joint toxicities of cadmium sulfate （CdSO4） and α-naphthoflavone （ANF） in zebrafish embryos. As a result, CdSO4 caused both lethal and sub-lethal effects, such as 24 h post-fertilization （hpf） death and 72 hpf delayed hatching. However, ANF only caused sub-lethal effects, including 48 hpf cardiac edema and 72 hpf delayed hatching. Taking 24 hpf death and 48 hpf cardiac edema as endpoints, the toxicities of CdSO4 and ANF were significantly enhanced by each other. Consistently, both CdSO4 and ANF caused significant oxidative stress, including decreases in the reduced glutathione （GSH） level, inhibition of superoxide dis- mutase （SOD） activity, as well as increases in malondialdehyde （MDA） content in zebrafish embryos, but these mixtures produced much more significant alterations on the biomarkers. Co-treatment of CdSO4 and ANF significantly down-regulated the mRNA level of multidrug resistance-associated protein （mrp） 1 and cytochrome P450 （cyp） la, which constituted the protective mechanisms for zebraflsh embryos to chemical toxins. In conclusion, co-treatment of CdSO4 and ANF exhibited a much more severe damage in zebraflsh embryos than individual treatment. Meanwhile, production of oxidative stress and altered expression of mrpl and cypla could be important components of such joint toxicity.展开更多
Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable atte...Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.展开更多
Carbon dots are prepared and immobilized onto spherical SiO_2 through a one-step thermal oxidation and then decorated with metallothionein（MT）, a protein with high affinity towards thiophilic metals. The MT-carbon d...Carbon dots are prepared and immobilized onto spherical SiO_2 through a one-step thermal oxidation and then decorated with metallothionein（MT）, a protein with high affinity towards thiophilic metals. The MT-carbon dots composites are characterized by means of FT-IR, SEM and TGA, giving rise to a MT loading amount of 823 μg g^（-1）. The adsorption of cadmium by the composites is a fast process and follows Langmuir model. In comparison with native SiO_2, a 2- and 2.4-folds improvement on the static and dynamic adsorption capacity of the composites for cadmium are obtained, respectively. Moreover,the adsorption efficiency is not affected by the presence of other metals. Finally, the composites are successfully applied for the removal of cadmium in a series of environmental water samples.展开更多
The hierarchical metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,such as Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6,are prepared with yttrium nitrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid at room temperature.The product is characterized by Fourier transform...The hierarchical metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,such as Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6,are prepared with yttrium nitrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid at room temperature.The product is characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6 particles are sufficiently rigid for performing solid phase extraction and they exhibit favorable selectivity toward the adsorption of hemoglobin.The adsorption behavior of hemoglobin onto the Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6 fits the Langmuir adsorption model with a theoretical adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg g 1.An adsorption efficiency of 87.7%for 100μg mL 1hemoglobin in 1 mL sample solution（at pH 6.0）is achieved with 0.40 mg Y（BTC）（H20）6.77.3%of the retained hemoglobin is readily recovered using a 0.5%（m/v）SDS solution as the stripping reagent.Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the conformation of hemoglobin is maintained during the adsorption-desorption process.The MOFs material is applied for the isolation of hemoglobin from human blood and the purity of the obtained hemoglobin is further verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（SDS-PAGE）.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Key Basic Research Project,No.2012CB517501Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control–"WANG Bao-En"Liver Fibrosis Research Fund,No.XJS20120501+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,No.09140903500 and No.10411956300the 100-Talents Program of the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau,No.XBR2011007
文摘AIM: To evaluate the performance of a novel non-invasive controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) to assess liver steatosis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21307154）
文摘This paper aims to evaluate the individual and joint toxicities of cadmium sulfate （CdSO4） and α-naphthoflavone （ANF） in zebrafish embryos. As a result, CdSO4 caused both lethal and sub-lethal effects, such as 24 h post-fertilization （hpf） death and 72 hpf delayed hatching. However, ANF only caused sub-lethal effects, including 48 hpf cardiac edema and 72 hpf delayed hatching. Taking 24 hpf death and 48 hpf cardiac edema as endpoints, the toxicities of CdSO4 and ANF were significantly enhanced by each other. Consistently, both CdSO4 and ANF caused significant oxidative stress, including decreases in the reduced glutathione （GSH） level, inhibition of superoxide dis- mutase （SOD） activity, as well as increases in malondialdehyde （MDA） content in zebrafish embryos, but these mixtures produced much more significant alterations on the biomarkers. Co-treatment of CdSO4 and ANF significantly down-regulated the mRNA level of multidrug resistance-associated protein （mrp） 1 and cytochrome P450 （cyp） la, which constituted the protective mechanisms for zebraflsh embryos to chemical toxins. In conclusion, co-treatment of CdSO4 and ANF exhibited a much more severe damage in zebraflsh embryos than individual treatment. Meanwhile, production of oxidative stress and altered expression of mrpl and cypla could be important components of such joint toxicity.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2009CB320901, 2011CB707805, 2013CB329304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170985, 91120001, 61121002)"985" project grants from Peking University
文摘Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21375013,21235001,21405010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N130105002,N140504003,N140505003,N141008001)are highly appreciated
文摘Carbon dots are prepared and immobilized onto spherical SiO_2 through a one-step thermal oxidation and then decorated with metallothionein（MT）, a protein with high affinity towards thiophilic metals. The MT-carbon dots composites are characterized by means of FT-IR, SEM and TGA, giving rise to a MT loading amount of 823 μg g^（-1）. The adsorption of cadmium by the composites is a fast process and follows Langmuir model. In comparison with native SiO_2, a 2- and 2.4-folds improvement on the static and dynamic adsorption capacity of the composites for cadmium are obtained, respectively. Moreover,the adsorption efficiency is not affected by the presence of other metals. Finally, the composites are successfully applied for the removal of cadmium in a series of environmental water samples.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21235001,21375013,21475017,21575020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N140505003N141008001)
文摘The hierarchical metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,such as Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6,are prepared with yttrium nitrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid at room temperature.The product is characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6 particles are sufficiently rigid for performing solid phase extraction and they exhibit favorable selectivity toward the adsorption of hemoglobin.The adsorption behavior of hemoglobin onto the Y（BTC）（H_2O）_6 fits the Langmuir adsorption model with a theoretical adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg g 1.An adsorption efficiency of 87.7%for 100μg mL 1hemoglobin in 1 mL sample solution（at pH 6.0）is achieved with 0.40 mg Y（BTC）（H20）6.77.3%of the retained hemoglobin is readily recovered using a 0.5%（m/v）SDS solution as the stripping reagent.Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the conformation of hemoglobin is maintained during the adsorption-desorption process.The MOFs material is applied for the isolation of hemoglobin from human blood and the purity of the obtained hemoglobin is further verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（SDS-PAGE）.
