母鼠长期低剂量锰染毒对子代大鼠睾丸氧化应激状态及生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨氯化锰长期低剂量染毒对子代大鼠睾丸中氧化应激状态及生精细胞凋亡的影响。方法健康雌性SD大鼠32只随机分为对照组,低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。锰染毒组分别腹腔注射2、4和8 mg/kg MnCl_2·4H_2O,对照组腹腔注射等容生理盐水,1次/d,5 d/周,共8周。与正常雄性SD大鼠交配受孕后,雌鼠在妊娠期和哺乳期继续染毒。每组随机取8只12周龄子代雄性大鼠断头处死后取材,HE染色观察睾丸生精小管结构;q RT-PCR、免疫组织化学、Western blot分别检测叉头蛋白转录因子O 3a(Fox O3a)、与Bcl-2相互作用的细胞死亡调节子(Bim)、半胱天冬酶9(Caspase-9)m RNA和蛋白的表达;TUNEL技术检测生精细胞凋亡。结果 (1)HE染色可见各锰染毒组睾丸生精小管呈现不同程度的形态学改变。随着锰染毒剂量的增加,生精细胞层数逐渐减少,各级生精细胞排列紊乱、数量减少或缺如,管腔内成熟的精子数目减少;(2)中、高剂量组精子密度、精子活动率降低,而精子畸形率上升(P<0.05);(3)各锰染毒组大鼠睾丸组织内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性随锰染毒剂量的增加而降低(P<0.05);而睾丸组织内丙二醛(MDA)含量和活性氧(ROS)水平随锰染毒剂量的增加逐渐升高(P<0.05);(4)在m RNA和蛋白水平,Fox O3a的表达随锰染毒剂量的增加逐渐上升(P<0.05);低剂量组Bim m RNA表达量未见变化,但在中、高剂量组则降低,而细胞死亡调节因子表达量则随锰染毒剂量的增加逐渐增加(P<0.05);(5)Caspase-9 m RNA和蛋白表达量在各锰染毒组均升高,且随锰染毒剂量的增加逐渐增加(P<0.05);(6)各锰染毒组大鼠均可见生精细胞凋亡,其凋亡指数高于对照组,且随锰染毒剂量的增加而上升(P<0.05)。结论长期低剂量锰染毒可抑制子代大鼠睾丸内抗氧化酶活性或(和)增加MDA含量,提高睾丸组织ROS水平,促进Fox O3a和Bim表达,启动Caspase-9信号通路,最终导致子代大鼠生精细胞的凋亡。

Use of Radioiodinated Peptide Arg-Arg-Leu Targeted to Neovascularization as well as Tumor Cells in Molecular Tumor Imaging

Objective： To explore a tumor peptide imaging agent Arginine-Arginine-Leucine （Tyr-Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg- Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys, tripeptide RRL [tRRL]） that targeted to tumor cells and tumor-derived endothelial cells （TDECs） and primarily investigate the possible relationship between tRRL and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR-2）. Methods： The tRRL sequence motif was identified as a tumor molecular marker specifically binding to TDECs. Tyrosine was conjugated to the amino terminal of RRL （Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys） for labeling with radionuclide iodine-131 （1311-tRRL）. The uptake ability and molecular binding of tRRL to tumor cells and angiogenic endothelium were studied using flow cytometry and radioactivity counter in vitro. Whether VEGFR-2 is the binging site of tRRL was investigated. Biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） imaging of 131-tRRL were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this new imaging agent to visualize varied tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results： In vitro cellular uptake experiments revealed that tRRL could not only adhere to tumor angiogenic endothelial cells but also largely accumulate in malignant tumor cells. VEGFR-2, which is highly expressed on TDECs, was probably not the solely binding ligand for tRRL targeted to tumor angiogenic endothelium, 131-tRRL mainly accumulated in tumors in vivo, not other organs at 24 h after injection. SPECT imaging with 131-tRRL clearly visualized tumors in nude mice, especially at 24 h. Conclusion： Radioiodinated tRRL offers a noninvasive of tumors targeted to neovascularization, and may be a carrier. nuclear imaging method for functional molecular imaging promising candidate for tumor radioimmunotherapeutic carrier,

Information needs of older people with heart failure： listening to their own voice

According to a large-scale census in 2000, there were approximately 4,000,000 patients with heart failure （HF） aged between 35 and 74 years in China. Patient education shows its importance and essentiality in controlling the disease by improving the self-care abilities of patients,t21 However, a shortened period of hospitalization compromises the effectiveness and efficacy of the education. It is therefore suggested that the information needs of patients with HF should be simultaneously addressed to make education more appropriate and tailored.

Can a radioimmunoassay kit be developed for accurate detection of the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2?

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the end of 2019 spread worldwide within only a few months.The screening and timely isolation of infected individuals have been regarded as an effective means of epidemic prevention and control.Therefore,effective screening of infected individuals plays a vital role in epidemic prevention and control.At present,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT–PCR)is the main method for the in vitro detection of SARS-CoV-2.However,RT–PCR requires certified laboratories,expensive equipment,and trained technicians.Therefore,it is necessary to develop simpler and more convenient methods.Some studies have shown that the PepKAA peptide has a high affinity for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2.The tyrosine in PepKAA is labeled with 125I and used to design a radioimmunoassay kit for the detection of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2,which is of great significance for the early diagnosis of COVID-19.

Ipsilateral and contralateral patent processus vaginalis in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis(PPV)in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors.From May 2014 to April 2017,152 boys who were diagnosed with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and underwent laparoscopy in Shanghai Children’s Hospital(Shanghai,China)were included in this study.The data were collected and reviewed,and the results were analyzed regarding the age at operation,side,development,and position of the nonpalpable testis.The mean age of the patients was 2.6(standard deviation:2.3)years.The testis was absent in 14 cases,nonviable in 81 cases,and viable in 57 cases.The incidence of PPV was 37.5%(57 of 152)on the ipsilateral side and 16.4%(25 of 152)on the contralateral side.The ipsilateral PPV was more prevalent when the nonpalpable testis occurred on the right side(P<0.01).Besides,patients with a viable testis had a greater incidence of ipsilateral PPV than those with a nonviable or absent testis(P<0.01).Moreover,this rate was the highest when the testis was in the abdominal cavity and the lowest when the testis was in the scrotum(both P<0.01).However,the incidence of contralateral PPV was independent of all the factors.In conclusion,in children with a nonpalpable testis,the incidence of an ipsilateral PPV was significantly related to the side,development,and position of the testis,while it was independent of these factors on the contralateral side.

Development and evaluation of psychometric properties of a common module for the quality of life scale of living organ donors(QLSLOD-CM V1.0)based on liver donors

A living donor is by definition a healthy person without significant medical problems.However,procedures involved with donation expose living donors to risks from a number of complications and donor safety remains an issue of concern.[1]Complications can affect the donor’s quality of life(QoL)to varying degrees and scales or questionnaires are commonly used to assess their QoL.Based on existing literature,we found three types of instruments for assessing living donors’QoL:(1)generic instruments,(2)disease-specific instruments,and(3)selfdeveloped instruments(scales,questionnaires,survey lists).Generic instruments(eg,36-item short form health survey),[2]may not adequately measure some specific problems and/or minor issues associated with the organ transplant surgery.Disease-specific instruments,(eg,chronic liver disease questionnaire),originally developed for use with particular diseases,[3]may lack precision and comprehensiveness in assessing the QoL of donors from healthy individuals.Self-developed instruments can resolve some of the deficiencies associated with generic and disease-specific instruments.[4,5]In China,there remains a lack of consensus with regard to an effective scale that is specific for assessing the QoL of living organ donors.