A discrepancy remains in the first two leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) modes of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) based on observations since the 1980s. The EOF1 mode, representing ...A discrepancy remains in the first two leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) modes of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) based on observations since the 1980s. The EOF1 mode, representing the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), is a robust result. However, the EOF2 features either El Ni?o Modoki(EM) or ENSO evolution during different periods, which is probably associated with the impacts of global warming. The underlying question is what the EOF2 mode of the tropical Pacific would be without global warming. Using the CMIP5 preindustrial scenario to exclude the influence of global warming, we find that the EOF1 mode of the tropical Pacific SSTA represents ENSO and that the EOF2 mode is not EM. According to the lead–lag correlation between the ENSO and EOF2 modes, the linkage between these two modes is as follows: …El Ni?o → EOF2 → La Ni?a →–EOF2 → El Ni?o…. By analyzing the evolution of sea surface temperature, surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature anomalies, we find the mechanism linking the ENSO and EOF2 modes is the air–sea interaction associated with the ENSO cycle. This result suggests that the EOF2 mode represents an aspect of ENSO evolution under preindustrial conditions. Therefore, this study further indicates that the EM is probably due to the influence of global warming.展开更多
Coke is an important medium for connecting reaction and regeneration of the methanol to propylene process on the ZSM5 catalyst.Coke grows in the meso and macro pores,it gradually worsens the diffusion inside the catal...Coke is an important medium for connecting reaction and regeneration of the methanol to propylene process on the ZSM5 catalyst.Coke grows in the meso and macro pores,it gradually worsens the diffusion inside the catalyst particle.Furthermore,pore plugging is inevitable which causes the deactivation of ZSM5 catalyst.However,current continuum model cannot reflect the changes in pore structure with clear physical concepts.A discrete model that is verified by the carbon deposition experiments is introduced to indicate the behavior of pore plugging effects.Results show that the pore plugging has a significant effect on the performance of the catalyst.The time varying profile of effectiveness factor is obtained,indicating a regular reduction with the increase of the pore plugging effect.Spatial distributions of pore size that would significantly enhance the plugging effect are also identified.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program on Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disasters(2018YFC1506006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(41805054,41875108,41805041,41705065)the Scientific Research Fund of the Chengdu University of Information Technology(KYTZ201724,KYTZ201602,KYTZ201727)
文摘A discrepancy remains in the first two leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) modes of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) based on observations since the 1980s. The EOF1 mode, representing the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), is a robust result. However, the EOF2 features either El Ni?o Modoki(EM) or ENSO evolution during different periods, which is probably associated with the impacts of global warming. The underlying question is what the EOF2 mode of the tropical Pacific would be without global warming. Using the CMIP5 preindustrial scenario to exclude the influence of global warming, we find that the EOF1 mode of the tropical Pacific SSTA represents ENSO and that the EOF2 mode is not EM. According to the lead–lag correlation between the ENSO and EOF2 modes, the linkage between these two modes is as follows: …El Ni?o → EOF2 → La Ni?a →–EOF2 → El Ni?o…. By analyzing the evolution of sea surface temperature, surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature anomalies, we find the mechanism linking the ENSO and EOF2 modes is the air–sea interaction associated with the ENSO cycle. This result suggests that the EOF2 mode represents an aspect of ENSO evolution under preindustrial conditions. Therefore, this study further indicates that the EM is probably due to the influence of global warming.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers U20A2097,42175042,41905037,41805054]the China Scholarship Council[grant numbers 201908510031 and 201908510032]the Plateau and Basin Rainstorm,Drought and Flood Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province[grant number SCQXKJZD202102-6]。
基金the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822809&21978256)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young(21525627)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universi-ties(2019XZZX004-03)Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center for Value Upgrading of Coal-based Synthetic Resin(2017DC57)are gratefully acknowledged.Dr.Zuwei Liao express their dedication to Prof.Xingtian Shu on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
文摘Coke is an important medium for connecting reaction and regeneration of the methanol to propylene process on the ZSM5 catalyst.Coke grows in the meso and macro pores,it gradually worsens the diffusion inside the catalyst particle.Furthermore,pore plugging is inevitable which causes the deactivation of ZSM5 catalyst.However,current continuum model cannot reflect the changes in pore structure with clear physical concepts.A discrete model that is verified by the carbon deposition experiments is introduced to indicate the behavior of pore plugging effects.Results show that the pore plugging has a significant effect on the performance of the catalyst.The time varying profile of effectiveness factor is obtained,indicating a regular reduction with the increase of the pore plugging effect.Spatial distributions of pore size that would significantly enhance the plugging effect are also identified.
