Cu Stress-Induced Transcriptome Alterations in Sorghum and Expression Analysis of the Transcription Factor-Encoding Gene SbWRKY24

Sorghum is not only an important bio-energy crop but also a vital raw material for brewing.Exogenous copper affects the growth and metabolism of crops in specific ways.This study identified 8475 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in the sorghum cultivar‘Jinnuoliang 2’after 24 h of treatment with 10 mM CuSO4.Using GO analysis,476 genes were functionally annotated,which were mainly related to catabolism and biosynthetic processes.Additionally,90 pathways were annotated by employing the KEGG analysis.Among them,glutathione metabolism and peroxisome were induced,while photosynthesis,photosynthesis-antenna protein,and carbon sequestration of photosynthetic organisms were inhibited.Of the DEGs,399 were identified to encode transcription factors belonging to 49 families.This study also identified a WRKY transcription factor-encoding gene SbWRKY24 from the transcriptome data.For studying its function,the relative expression levels of SbWRKY24 in roots and leaves post-treatment with different growth hormones and exposure to a variety of abiotic stresses were detected by RT-qPCR.SbWRKY24 showed treatment-and tis-sue-specific expression patterns,indicating its unique role in stress tolerance.This study lays a theoretical basis for the functional exploration of SbWRKY24,elucidating the mechanism of copper resistance,and elaborating on the stress responses in sorghum.It also guides the exploration of the molecular mechanism of copper ions inducing intracellular signal transduction pathways.

Statistical Modeling of the High Altitude Platform Dual-Polarized MIMO Propagation Channel

In order to investigate the benefit of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) technique applying to the high altitude platform(HAP), a 2×2 MIMO statistical model, which can accurately describe the channel between HAP and high-speed train, is presented. And dual polarization diversity is particularly considered. Based on first-order three-state Markov chain, the single-input single-output(SISO) channel, a subset of the MIMO channel is first established. The ray tracing approach applied to the digital relief model(DRM) which covers the railway between Xi'an and Zhengzhou is used to obtain the state probability vector and matrix of the state transition probability. The proposed model considers both Doppler shift and temporal correlation, and the polarization correlation and spatial correlation statistical properties of large-scale fading and smallscale fading are analyzed. Moreover, useful numerical results on the MIMO HAP channel outage capacity are provided based on which, significant capacity gains with respect to the conventional SISO case are illustrated. Such statistical channel model can be applied to the future wireless communication system between HAP and high-speed train.

Intelligent Interference Management and Secure Communications for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Systems

Satellite-terrestrial integrated(STI)systems represent the right solution to meet complex requirements of several services and sharing of the limited spectral resources between satellite systems and terrestrial ones must be considered to optimize performance.Network architectures and traffic demand are different for the satellite component and for the terrestrial 5G/6G one,so that the requirements of spectral resources for satellite and terrestrial systems are expected to vary dynamically in a significant range.

Selective PNC in Satellite-Terrestrial Network over Non-Identical Fading Channels

We analyze the performance of a twoway satellite-terrestrial decode-and-forward(DF) relay network over non-identical fading channels.In particular,selective physical-layer network coding(SPNC) is employed in the proposed network to improve the average end-to-end throughput performance.More specifically,by assuming that the DF relay performs instantaneous throughput comparisons before performing corresponding protocols,we derive the expressions of system instantaneous bit-error-rate(BER),instantaneous end-to-end throughput,average end-to-end throughput,single node detection(SND)occurrence probability and average end-to-end BER over non-identical fading channels.Finally,theoretical analyses and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented.Evaluations show that:1) SPNC protocol outperforms the conventional physical-layer network coding(PNC) protocol in infrequent light shadowing(ILS),average shadowing(AS) and frequent heavy shadowing(FHS) Shadowed-Rician fading channels.2) As the satellite-relay channel fading gets more sewere,SPNC protocol can achieve more performance improvement than PNC protocol and the occurrence probability of SND protocol increases progressively.3) The occurrence probability increase of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end throughput in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regime,while the occurrence probability decrease of SND has a beneficial effect on the average end-to-end BER in highSNR regime.

X-ray Diffraction Line Profile Broadening of Fe_(50)Pd_(50) Alloy Ultrafine Particles

The composition distribution in Fe50Pd50 alloy ultrafine particles prepared by inert gas condensation method was investigated in details by means of X-ray diffraction technique through deconvolution of the X-ray diffraction data. The microscopic composition distribution in the alloy UFP was identified, which is caused by nonuniformity of the melt, fractional distillation during the evaporation process and statistical fluctuation during nucleation and coalescence of the alloy particles. The composition distribution affects the properties of the alloy UFP

Comparison and Design of Decoder in B3G Mobile Communication System

Turbo code has been shown to have ability to achieve performance that is close to Shannon limit. It has been adopted by various commercial communication systems. Both universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) TDD and FDD have also employed turbo code as the error correction coding scheme. It outperforms convolutional code in large block size, but because of its time delay, it is often only used in the non-real-time service. In this paper, we discuss the encoder and decoder structure of turbo code in B3G mobile communication System. In addition, various decoding techniques, such as the Log-MAP, Max-log-MAP and SOVA algorithm for non-real-time service are deduced and compared. The performance results of decoder and algorithms in different configurations are also shown.