Nanogenerator technologies have gained significant attention as sustainable methods for harvesting energy and powering various applications.We review the research progress and obstacles related to triboelectric and pi...Nanogenerator technologies have gained significant attention as sustainable methods for harvesting energy and powering various applications.We review the research progress and obstacles related to triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators utilized for wind energy extraction.This is crucial given the increasing demand for clean energy sources and the importance of technologies that can efficiently harvest such energy.We highlight the role of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators as promising solutions for capturing mechanical energy from wind sources.First,the fundamental physics modes of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators are discussed.The mechanisms underlying the triboelectric effect and the piezoelectric effect are explained,emphasizing their relevance to energy harvesting applications.An overview of energy harvesting using triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators is then provided,encompassing the latest developments in the field.This review encompasses the design principles,materials,and fabrication techniques employed in the construction of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators.Specifically,we delve into how nanogenerators are utilized for wind energy harvesting.Various approaches for optimizing the performance of these devices are examined,along with methods of integration into wind energy harvesting systems.The potential applications of these devices are highlighted,along with the challenges that may come with their implementation.We conclude by discussing the current state of research,future perspectives,and insights into wind energy harvesting using triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators.Accordingly,we recommend that future research addresses issues such as scalability,durability,and system integration.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators for wind energy harvesting.It serves as a reference for researchers and engineers working in wind engineering,offering insights and directions for future advancements.展开更多
Retinoid X receptor a （RXRα） and its N-terminally trun- cated version tRXRα play important roles in tumorige. nesis, while some RXRg ligands possess potent anti- cancer activities by targeting and modulating the t...Retinoid X receptor a （RXRα） and its N-terminally trun- cated version tRXRα play important roles in tumorige. nesis, while some RXRg ligands possess potent anti- cancer activities by targeting and modulating the tumorigenic effects of RXRo and tRXRa. Here we describe NSC-640358 （N-6）, a thiazolyl-pyrazole derived compound, acts as a selective RXRα ligand to promote TNFα-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell. N-6 binds to RXRa and inhibits the transactivation of RXRα homod- imer and RXRa/TR3 heterodimer. Using mutational analysis and computational study, we determine that Arg316 in RXRa, essential for 9-cis-retinoic acid binding and activating RXRg transactivation, is not required for antagonist effects of N-6, whereas Trp305 and Phe313 are crucial for N-6 binding to RXRα by forming extra w-w stacking interactions with N-6, indicating a distinct RXRα binding mode of N-6. N-6 inhibits TR3-stimulated transactivation of Gal4-DBD-RXRα-LBD by binding to the ligand binding pocket of RXRa-LBD, suggesting a strategy to regulate TR3 activity indirectly by using small molecules to target its interacting partner RXRα. For its physiological activities, we show that N-6 strongly inhibits tumor necrosis factor a （TNFα）-induced AKT activation and stimulates TNFa-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells in an RXRa/tRXRo dependent manner.The inhibition of TNFα-induced tRXRα/p85α complex formation by N-6 implies that N-6 targets tRXRa to inhibit TNFα-induced AKT activation and to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Together, our data illustrate a new RXRa ligand with a unique RXRα binding mode and the abilities to regulate TR3 activity indirectly and to induce TNFa-mediated cancer cell apoptosis by targeting RXRα/tRXRα.展开更多
文摘Nanogenerator technologies have gained significant attention as sustainable methods for harvesting energy and powering various applications.We review the research progress and obstacles related to triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators utilized for wind energy extraction.This is crucial given the increasing demand for clean energy sources and the importance of technologies that can efficiently harvest such energy.We highlight the role of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators as promising solutions for capturing mechanical energy from wind sources.First,the fundamental physics modes of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators are discussed.The mechanisms underlying the triboelectric effect and the piezoelectric effect are explained,emphasizing their relevance to energy harvesting applications.An overview of energy harvesting using triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators is then provided,encompassing the latest developments in the field.This review encompasses the design principles,materials,and fabrication techniques employed in the construction of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators.Specifically,we delve into how nanogenerators are utilized for wind energy harvesting.Various approaches for optimizing the performance of these devices are examined,along with methods of integration into wind energy harvesting systems.The potential applications of these devices are highlighted,along with the challenges that may come with their implementation.We conclude by discussing the current state of research,future perspectives,and insights into wind energy harvesting using triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators.Accordingly,we recommend that future research addresses issues such as scalability,durability,and system integration.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators for wind energy harvesting.It serves as a reference for researchers and engineers working in wind engineering,offering insights and directions for future advancements.
文摘Retinoid X receptor a （RXRα） and its N-terminally trun- cated version tRXRα play important roles in tumorige. nesis, while some RXRg ligands possess potent anti- cancer activities by targeting and modulating the tumorigenic effects of RXRo and tRXRa. Here we describe NSC-640358 （N-6）, a thiazolyl-pyrazole derived compound, acts as a selective RXRα ligand to promote TNFα-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell. N-6 binds to RXRa and inhibits the transactivation of RXRα homod- imer and RXRa/TR3 heterodimer. Using mutational analysis and computational study, we determine that Arg316 in RXRa, essential for 9-cis-retinoic acid binding and activating RXRg transactivation, is not required for antagonist effects of N-6, whereas Trp305 and Phe313 are crucial for N-6 binding to RXRα by forming extra w-w stacking interactions with N-6, indicating a distinct RXRα binding mode of N-6. N-6 inhibits TR3-stimulated transactivation of Gal4-DBD-RXRα-LBD by binding to the ligand binding pocket of RXRa-LBD, suggesting a strategy to regulate TR3 activity indirectly by using small molecules to target its interacting partner RXRα. For its physiological activities, we show that N-6 strongly inhibits tumor necrosis factor a （TNFα）-induced AKT activation and stimulates TNFa-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells in an RXRa/tRXRo dependent manner.The inhibition of TNFα-induced tRXRα/p85α complex formation by N-6 implies that N-6 targets tRXRa to inhibit TNFα-induced AKT activation and to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Together, our data illustrate a new RXRa ligand with a unique RXRα binding mode and the abilities to regulate TR3 activity indirectly and to induce TNFa-mediated cancer cell apoptosis by targeting RXRα/tRXRα.
