Synergistic influence of the capture effect of western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis)induced by proportional yellow-green light in the greenhouse

To clarify the influence of yellow,green,and proportional yellow-green light on the capture effect,western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),were captured using different self-made light sources in a greenhouse.The bio-activity capture effect of thrips was regulated by light and analyzed to determine the reasons for the changes in their capture by light.The results showed that the thrips’capture effect induced by different light sources with the same brightness was positively correlated with night temperature.When the average night temperature was 27℃(19:00-21:30),the capture effect was optimal,indicating that the coupling effect of light temperature can regulate the capture effect of thrips.Green light intensified and yellow light inhibited the visual trend sensitivity of thrips to yellow-green light of differing proportions.The capture effect trapped by a green-yellow light ratio of 4:1 was optimal(1088.00 individuals in night time),while that of yellow light was the worst(456.67 individuals/night),thus,indicating that visual trend sensitivity of thrips to green light was higher than that of yellow light.Such differences originated from the differences in the photoelectric thermal conversion effect of spectral optical properties,and the spectral photo-thermal effect was the main reason that thrips produced a light-trapped behavior.Night light enhanced the sensitivity of thrips’responses to a white adhesive board during the daytime,and the effect of yellow light intensity was the strongest(1563.00 individuals in the daytime),while that of green light was the weakest(75.33 individuals in the day time).Additionally,yellow light intensified while green light inhibited the regulatory effect of different proportions of yellow-green light on the bio-activity of thrips.However,the capture effect of day and night corresponding to 4:1 green-yellow light was the best(2019.67 individuals in day and night).The function of the photo-thermal effect on the capture effect of thrips was affected by the decrease in night temperature,but the photo-electro-thermal effects of night light intensified the bio-activity of thrips in the daytime and enhanced their color sensitivity.The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of pest light induction equipment.

Recent advances in photoelectrochemical sensors for detection of ions in water

Over the last 50 years,the explosive adoption of modern agricultural practices has led to an enormous increase in the emission of non-biodegradable and highly biotoxic ions into the hydrosphere.Excess intake of such ions,even essential trace elements such as Cu^(2+)and F^(-),can have serious consequences on human health.Therefore,to ensure safe drinking water and regulate wastewater discharge,photoelectrochemical(PEC)online sensors were developed,with advantages such as low energy consumption,inherent miniaturization,simple instrumentation,and fast response.However,there is no publicly available systematic review of the recent advances in PEC ion sensors available in the literature since January 2017.Thus,this review covers the various strategies that have been used to enhance the sensitivity,selectivity,and limit of detection for PEC ion sensors.The photoelectrochemically active materials,conductive substrates,electronic transfer,and performance of various PEC sensors are discussed in detail and divided into sections based on the measurement principle and detected ion species.We conclude this review by highlighting the challenges and potential future avenues of research associated with the development of novel high-performance PEC sensors.

Photo-induced visual response of western flower thrips attracted and repulsed by their phobotaxis spectrum light

This study aimed to clarify the synergistic phototactic attraction-repulsion effect formed by the photo-induced approach-avoidance behavior of thrips,construct phototactic attraction-repulsion light control technologies.The phototactic push-pull effects of red light and UV(365 nm),violet(405 nm),green(520 nm),and yellow(560 nm)single light,as well as their pairwise combined light on the behavior of western flower thrips were investigated using an apparatus that measured thrips response.The study also analyzed the influence of light properties on the phototactic attraction-repulsion effects of thrips and the synergistic effects of red light,and the attraction-repulsion regulation mode.The influence factors on the photo-induced attraction-repulsion effect of thrips were also discussed.The results showed that the red light,presenting the push effect,drove thrips to respond to the sensitive light.The synergistic attraction-repulsion effect of red light and singlelight,as well as that of red light and combined light was related to the light intensity.However,the attraction-repulsion synergism did not reflect thrips response effect and approach effect pulled and pushed by red light and single light,red light and combined light.Thrips preference for green-yellow light,and their behavior depended on the degree of UV light,making the attraction-repulsion synergy of red and green light the strongest.When the light intensity increased,the attraction-repulsion synergy of red and yellow light was the strongest.The attraction-repulsion response to red light and single light was related to the spectral attribute of the single light,with that of red lightand UV light being better.The attraction-repulsion response to red light and combined light was related to light intensity.The intensity of combined light made the attraction-repulsion response to red light and the combined UV and violet light be the best,and the brightness of long-short spectrum light rendered red light and the combined UV and yellow light the best.All such light and combinations were remarkably better than that of red light and UV light.Relative to red light and UV light,the use ofred light and combined light provided limited enhancement to the approach effect of thrips;however,under red light and combined light,violet light intensified the approach of thrips to UV light,with yellow light strengthening the approach to green light.Those results provided a scientific basis for the development of light trapping equipment and the adjustment of light control strategies for thrips.

Plasmonic gold nanoshell induced spectral effects and refractive index sensing properties of excessively tilted fiber grating

We demonstrate a fiber refractive index（RI） sensor based on an excessively tilted fiber grating（ExTFG）immobilized by large-size plasmonic gold nanoshells（GNSs）. The GNSs are covalently linked on ExTFG surface.Experimental results demonstrate that both the intensity of the transverse magnetic（TM） and transverse electric（TE） modes of ExTFG are significantly modulated by the localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR） of GNSs due to the wide-range absorption band. The wavelength RI sensitivities of the TM and TE modes in the low RI range of 1.333–1.379 are improved by ～25% and ～14% after GNSs immobilization, respectively, and the intensity RI sensitivities are ～599%/RIU and ～486%/RIU, respectively.

Working principle and application of photocatalytic optical fibers for the degradation and conversion of gaseous pollutants

Photocatalytic optical fibers are promising for the degradation of gaseous and volatile pollutants in air due to their high specific surface area,high light utilization efficiency,easy regeneration,and sustainability.In particular,photocatalytic optical fibers have proven highly useful for the removal and conversion of different kinds of air pollutants in air.However,these fibers suffer from low photocatalytic degradation efficiencies.In this review,we have focused on introducing photocatalytic quartz optical fibers and photocatalytic plastic optical fibers for the degradation and transformation of gas-phase air pollutants.The principle of photocatalytic optical fibers and main methods for improving their photocatalytic and light utilization efficiencies based on semiconductor photocatalytic coatings are summarized.Moreover,the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic rate equation was summarized to analyze the photocatalytic reduction of gaseous pollutants.Finally,an outlook on the future of photocatalytic optical fibers toward the removal and conversion of gaseous air pollutants is discussed.

Evaluating and improving the interpretability of item embeddings using item-tag relevance information

Matrix factorization(MF)methods have superior recommendation performance and are flexible to incorporate other side information,but it is hard for humans to interpret the derived latent factors.Recently,the item-item cooccurrence information is exploited to learn item embeddings and enhance the recommendation performance.However,the item-item co-occurrence information,constructed from the sparse and long-tail distributed user-item interaction matrix,is over-estimated for rare items,which could lead to bias in learned item embeddings.In this paper,we seek to evaluate and improve the interpretability of item embeddings by leveraging a dense item-tag relevance matrix.Specifically,we design two metrics to quantitatively evaluate the interpretability of item embeddings from different viewpoints:interpretability of individual dimensions of item embeddings and semantic coherence of local neighborhoods in the latent space.We also propose a tag-informed item embedding(TIE)model that jointly factorizes the user-item interaction matrix,the item-item co-occurrence matrix and the item-tag relevance matrix with shared item embeddings so that different forms of information can co-operate with each other to learn better item embeddings.Experiments on the MovieLens20M dataset demonstrate that compared with other state-of-the-art MF methods,TIE achieves better top-N recommendations,and the relative improvement is larger when the user-item interaction matrix becomes sparser.By leveraging the itemtag relevance information,individual dimensions of item embeddings are more interpretable and local neighborhoods in the latent space are more semantically coherent;the bias in learned item embeddings are also mitigated to some extent.