Non-destructive buffer enabling near-infrared-transparent inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells toward 1400 h light-soaking stable perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2) tandem solar cells

Near-infrared(NIR)transparent inverted all-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are excellent top cell candidates in tandem applications.An essential challenge is the replacement of metal contacts with transparent conductive oxide(TCO)electrodes,which requires the introduction of a buffer layer to prevent sputtering damage.In this study,we show that the conventional buffers(i.e.,small organic molecules and atomic layer deposited metal oxides)used for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are not applicable to all-inorganic perovskites,due to non-uniform coverage of the vulnerable layers underneath,deterioration upon ion bombardment and moisture induced perovskite phase transition,A thin film of metal oxide nanoparticles by the spin-coating method serves as a non-destructive buffer layer for inorganic PSCs.All-inorganic inverted near-infrared-transparent PSCs deliver a PCE of 17.46%and an average transmittance of 73.7%between 780 and 1200 nm.In combination with an 18.56%Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2) bottom cell,we further demonstrate the first all-inorganic perovskite/CIGS 4-T tandem solar cell with a PCE of 24.75%,which exhibits excellent illumination stability by maintaining 86.7%of its initial efficiency after 1400 h.The non-destructive buffer lays the foundation for efficient and stable NIR-transparent inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells and perovskite-based tandems.

Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial carotid ophthalmic segment aneurysm segment aneurysms:Long-term follow-up from a single center

Background:To evaluate the efficacy of stent-assisted coiling(SAC)for the treatment of carotid ophthalmic segment aneurysm segment aneurysms(OSAs)of the internal carotid artery(ICA)through detailed long-term follow-up of a large patient cohort.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 88 consecutive patients with OSAs between January 2009 and January 2020 at our center.Angiographic results were evaluated using the modified Raymond grading system and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the mRS scale.The primary endpoints were major aneurysm recurrence and poor clinical outcomes for at least 18 months of follow-up.The patients were asked to attend clinical follow-up assessments and possibly undergo DSA or MR via telephone.Results:We enrolled 88 patients with 99 OSAs treated with coiling,of whom 76 were treated with SAC.The coiling procedures were successful in all 88 patients.Overall,complications occurred in 8 patients(9.1%).No procedure-related mortality was observed.67(76.1%)experienced immediate aneurysm occlusion at the end of the procedure.Long-term angiographic follow-up(18 months)was available in 45/88 aneurysms(51%)(average 18.7±5.2 months).Four patients continued their follow-up for 5 years after initial aneurysm treatment.After a clinical follow-up time of 28.7 months(range,12-51 months),85 patients(95.5%)achieved favorable clinical outcomes(mRS scores of 0-2).Conclusions:This study indicates that SAC treatment is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for ruptured and unruptured OSAs.The procedural risks are low with relatively long-term effectiveness.

Expansive arterial remodeling of carotid arteries in symptomatic ischemic patients

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the associations of expansive remodeling of carotid arteries with ischemic symptoms and the degree of stenosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 symptomatic patients with vulnerable plaques and 25 asymptomatic individuals with stable plaques were included. All patients underwent 3.0T high-resolution MRI of the carotid artery(CA) for measuring the expansive remodeling(ER) ratio and assessing plaque stability. The ER ratio was calculated by dividing the maximum distance between the lumen and the outer border of the plaque in the internal CA by the lumen diameter within 1 centimeter of the plaque at the distal ipsilateral internal CA. ER ratios were compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The 41 symptomatic patients were further divided into 4 groups according to stenosis rate(CA stenosis <50%, 50%–74%, 75–89%, and > 90%), and the correlation between the ER ratio and the rate of stenosis was evaluated. Results: There was a significant difference in ER ratio between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups(p<0.001). When symptomatic patients were divided into 4 subgroups based on degree of stenosis, ER ratios among groups showed statistically significant differences(p=0.014). Conclusion: There were significant associations of the ER ratio with ischemic symptoms. Furthermore, the ER ratio in symptomatic patients continued to increase with stenosis severity. These findings suggested that the ER ratio might be a practical marker of plaque vulnerability in the CA and further prospective studies for asymptomatic patients are warranted.

An erratum on “Application of three-dimensional printing in interventional medicine” [J Interv Med(February 2020) 1–16]

After the publication of this work,1 the authors noticed and confirmed that the Funding Information was mistakenly omitted from the article.The statement“This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant no.81370041,81471760,81671655,the Outstanding Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong,grant no.PWYgy2018-04.The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.”should be included in the Funding information section of the paper which is missing.We apologize for the error.

Application of three-dimensional printing in interventional medicine

Introduction In recent years,three-dimensional printing(3DP),an additive manufacturing process,has gained widespread clinical application,and 3DP has been considered as the third industrial revolution.1 In its early introduction in the 1980s,3DP served as a software-controlled technology that converted computer-aided-design(CAD)data into a physical object via a single process.By depositing multiple two-dimensional cross-sections one above the other,3DP can now be used to build arbitrarily complex geometries and patient-specific constructs using the patient’s imaging data.Till date,computed tomography has been the main imaging data source for 3DP owing to its excellent spatial resolution.Furthermore,current 3D printers have enabled bedside on-demand fabrication of medical products in hospitals.New materials including polymers,ceramics,biomaterials,and metals have been developed for such applications over the last few decades.Medical fields that employ 3DP technologies have also expanded,such as tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,pharmaceutics,and medical models and devices.2 The market for additive manufacturing is expected to surpass$20 billion in the global industry by the end of the 2020.3 Although the use of 3DP technology in interventional medicine is still relatively new,advancements are occurring within this discipline at a rapid rate.Different 3DP technologies,materials,and clinical applications relevant to the interventional field are discussed in this article.

Collimated gamma rays from laser wakefield accelerated electrons

Betatron radiation from laser wakefield accelerated electrons and X-rays scattered off a counter-propagating relativistic electron bunch arecollimated and hold the potential to extend the energy range to hard X-ray or gamma ray band. The peak brightness of these incoherent radiations could reach the level of the brightest synchrotron light sources in the world due to their femtosecond pulse duration and source sizedown to a few micrometers. In this article, the principle and properties of these radiation sources are briefly reviewed and compared. Then wepresent our recent progress in betatron radiation enhancement in the perspective of both photon energy and photon number. The enhancement istriggered by using a clustering gas target, arousing a second injection of a fiercely oscillating electron bunch with large charge or stimulating aresonantly enhanced oscillation of the ionization injected electrons. By adopting these methods, bright photon source with energy over 100 keVis generated which would greatly impact applications such as nuclear physics, diagnostic radiology, laboratory astrophysics and high-energydensity science.

离子选择性电极法测定茶叶及茶水中的氟含量

将经典基础化学实验“离子选择性电极法测定水中微量的氟”实验改进为“离子选择性电极法测定茶叶及茶水中的氟含量”。实验内容由自来水中氟含量测定,拓展到茶叶及茶水氟含量、茶叶氟浸出率的测定;并增加了茶水比、冲泡温度、冲泡时间、冲泡次数、茶叶粒度对茶叶氟浸出率的影响等研究性内容;五大代表性茶样氟含量的测定结果表明,饮用黑茶有氟摄入过量的风险;此外,在离子选择性电极法测氟的应用领域及微量氟的其他检测方法等方面将该实验进一步拓展和延伸。研究性内容的引入及分组实验更有利于培养学生的科研思维和团结协作精神;探索性且具挑战力的实验内容,提高了学生的创新能力及解决实际问题的能力;茶与健康通识内容的渗透,贴近生活,增强了学生的健康意识。本实验内容丰富,趣味性强,易于操作及推广,适合在本科低年级学生中开设。

Diatomic Fe-Fe catalyst enhances the ability to degrade organic contaminants by nonradical peroxymonosulfate activation system

Atomically dispersed catalysts have been widely studied due to their high catalytic activity and atom utilization.Single-atom catalysts have achieved breakthrough progress in the degradation of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS).However,the construction of atomically dispersed catalysts with diatomic/multiatomic metal active sites by activating PMS to degrade pollutants is still seldom reported,despite the unique merits of atom-pair in synergistic electronic modulation and breaking stubborn restriction of scaling relations on catalytic activity.We have synthesized Fe1-N-C,Fe_(2)-N-C,and Fe_(3)-N-C catalysts with monoatomic iron,diatomic iron,and triatomic iron active center,respectively.The results show that the catalytic degradation activity of Fe_(2)-N-C is twice that of Fe1-N-C and Fe_(3)-N-C due to its unique Fe_(2)N6 coordination structure,which fulfilled the complete degradation of rhodamine B(RhB),bisphenol A(BPA),and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DP)within 2 min.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and radical quenching experiments confirmed that the reaction was a nonradical reaction on the catalyst surface.And singlet oxygen and Fe(IV)are the key active species.

Carrier management makes perovskite solar cells approaching Shockley-Queisser limit

Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have drawn enormous attention due to their great potential to share the market of silicon solar cells[1–3].During the past few years,significant progress has been made in fabrication method,chemical composition,defect passivation,and strain regulation of perovskite materials,making PSCs one of the most promising solution-processed photovoltaic technologies with high efficiency and low cost[4–6].

Direct infection of SARS-CoV-2 in human iPSC-derived 3D cardiac organoids recapitulates COVID-19 myocarditis

Dear editor,The pandemic of coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)has lasted for more than three years,causing lots of extra death and posing a serious threat to public health.This pandemic swept the last global safety island in a matter of months,coinciding with the switch of zero-COVID policy of China.The causative agent,SARS-CoV-2,spreads globally and then lurks in the population with sporadic outbreaks in local areas.Meanwhile,the sequelae of convalescent COVID-19 patients receded slowly.The pantissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 results in a wide range of symptoms in patients,including cardiovascular disorders.Cardiac complications occur in 20%–44%of hospitalized patients,which is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality(Ma et al.,2022;Patone et al.,2022).Survivors of acute COVID-19 also have a substantial risk of cardiovascular disease burden lasting up to one year(Xie et al.,2022).

Atomically dispersed hierarchically ordered porous Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes for dyes degradation

The development of novel nanozymes for environmental contamination remediation is a worthwhile research direction.However,most of the reported nanozymes cannot degrade efficiently due to the limitation of the internal active sites not being able to come into direct contact with contaminants.Therefore,we reported Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)with atomically dispersed FeN4 active sites anchored on a three-dimensional hierarchically ordered microporous-mesoporous-macroporous nitrogen doped carbon matrix(3DOM Fe-N-C)for the degradation of a targeted environmental pollutant(rhodamine B(RhB)).The three-dimensional(3D)hierarchically ordered porous structure may accelerate mass transfer and improve the accessibility of active sites.This structure and high metal atom utilization endow Fe-N-C SAzyme with enhanced tri-enzyme-mimic activities,comprising oxidase-mimic,peroxidase-mimic,and catalase-mimic activities.Based on its excellent peroxidase-mimic activity,3DOM Fe-N-C can degrade RhB by hydroxyl radicals(·OH)generated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.This study provides a new idea for designing porous Fe-N-C SAzymes for environmental contamination remediation.

miR-137 and miR-491 Negatively Regulate Dopamine Transporter Expression and Function in Neural Cells

Abstract The dopamine transporter （DAT） is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. A 40-bp variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） polymorphism in the 3-untranslated region （3UTR） of the DAT has been reported to be associated with various phenotypes that are involved in the aberrant regulation of dopaminergic neu- rotransmission. In the present study, we found that miR- 137 and miR-491 caused a marked reduction of DAT expression, thereby influencing neuronal dopamine trans- port. Moreover, the regulation of miR-137 and miR-491 on this transport disappeared after the DAT was silenced. The miR-491 seed region that is located on the VNTR sequence in the 3＇UTR of the DAT and the regulatory effect of miR- 491 on the DAT depended on the VNTR copy-number. These data indicate that miR-137 and miR-491 regulate DAT expression and dopamine transport at the post- transcriptional level, suggesting that microRNA may be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with DAT dysfunction.

Comparison and correction of IDW based wind speed interpolation methods in urbanized Shenzhen

Based on the 2-min average wind speed observations at 100 automatic weather stations in Shenzhen from January 2008 to December 2018,this study tries to explore the ways to improve wind interpolation quality over the Shenzhen region.Three IDW based methods,i.e.,traditional inverse distance weight(IDW),modified inverse distance weight(MIDW),and gradient inverse distance weight(GIDW)are used to interpolate the near surface wind field in Shenzhen.In addition,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT)model is used to correct the wind interpolation results based on the three IDW based methods.The results show that among the three methods,GIDW has better interpolation effects than the other two in the case of stratified sampling.The MSE and R2 for the GIDW’s in different months are in the range of 1.096-1.605 m/s and 0.340-0.419,respectively.However,in the case of leave-one-group-out crossvalidation,GIDW has no advantage over the other two methods.For the stratified sampling,GBRT effectively corrects the interpolated results by the three IDW based methods.MSE decreases to the range of 0.778-0.923 m/s,and R2 increases to the range of 0.530-0.671.In the nonstation area,the correction effect of GBRT is still robust,even though the elevation frequency distribution of the non-station area is different from that of the stations’area.The correction performance of GBRT mainly comes from its consideration of the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and the elevation,and the combination of historical and current observation data.

早期筛查老年人群糖尿病视网膜病变的卫生经济学分析

目的从社会角度和卫生系统角度探讨中国50岁以上人群行糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)筛查的经济学效益。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed及Medline等数据库,检索日期为自建库之始至2020年12月,搜集中国50岁以上人群DR的患病率、转归率、筛查依从性、治疗依从性、筛查敏感性、筛查特异性、DR不同分期的效用值及死亡率等指标。按照国际分级系统将DR分为不威胁视力DR、威胁视力DR,糖尿病性黄斑水肿及DR致盲等4个阶段。筛查项目、转诊检查及治疗费用来源于邯郸眼病研究和2020年首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院住院系统。使用TreeAge Pro软件构建DR筛查的马尔可夫模型,以社区筛查、远程筛查及人工智能(AI)辅助筛查为研究策略,以无筛查为对照策略,以我国农村和城市50岁以上人群为队列人群,比较不同策略的成本效益,并比较1~5年筛查间隔的成本效益。2020年中国农村和城市人均生产总值(GDP)分别为49000元和84000元。经济学效益以增量成本-效用比(ICUR)和增量成本-效果比(ICER)表示。成本效益阈值按照世界卫生组织规定的ICER或ICUR<3倍人均GDP为具有成本效益,<1倍人均GDP为具有高成本效益,>3倍人均GDP则不具备经济性。通过敏感性分析评价模型的稳健性。结果农村和城市人群的成本效益阈值分别为147000元和252000元。从社会角度看,对农村50岁以上人群进行社区、远程及AI辅助筛查的ICUR分别为4214元、2772元及3206元;每避免1个致盲年导致的ICER分别为216524元、152726元及164745元;对城市人群筛查的ICUR分别为7133元、5061元及5894元;每避免1个致盲年导致的ICER分别为57792元、37632元及55839元。与无筛查人群相比,农村和城市的ICUR以及城市人群的ICER均<1倍人均GDP;3种筛查方式对农村50岁以上人群的ICER均略高于成本效益阈值。从卫生系统角度看,3种筛查方式对农村和城市老年人群的ICUR和ICER均低于成本效益阈值。社区或AI辅助筛查对城市老年人群间隔2年以上具有成本效益,远程筛查间隔1年以上已具有成本效益;而对农村人群各筛查间隔均不具有成本效益。经概率敏感性分析,当成本效益阈值为3倍人均GDP时,农村老年人群社区、远程及AI辅助筛查成本效益概率分别为87.34%、87.56%及87.54%;城市老年人群筛查的成本效益概率分别为89.19%、89.48%及89.61%。当成本效益阈值为1倍人均GDP时,3种筛查方式对农村老年人群筛查有成本效益的概率分别为86.03%、86.84%及86.55%;城市老年人群的成本效益概率分别为87.83%、88.55%及88.62%。说明构建马尔可夫模型的设计和结果稳健,对参数的浮动不敏感。结论对我国50岁以上老年人群进行DR筛查具有成本效益,因农村和城市的经济发展水平和疾病负担不同,应制定适宜当地的DR筛查模式。

Local Precise Large and Moderate Deviations for Sums of Independent Random Variables

Let {X, X_k : k ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a common distribution F. In this paper, the authors establish some results on the local precise large and moderate deviation probabilities for partial sums S_n =sum from i=1 to n(X_i) in a unified form in which X may be a random variable of an arbitrary type,which state that under some suitable conditions, for some constants T > 0, a and τ >1/2and for every fixed γ > 0, the relation P(S_n- na ∈(x, x + T ]) ~nF((x + a, x + a + T ]) holds uniformly for all x ≥γn~τ as n→∞, that is, P(Sn- na ∈(x, x + T ]) lim sup- 1 = 0.n→+∞x≥γnτnF((x + a, x + a + T ])The authors also discuss the case where X has an infinite mean.