Integration of Desulfurization and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Amino-Functionalized Porous Carbon Nanofibers

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is an industrial exhausted gas that is highly toxic to humans and the environment.Combining desulfurization and fabrication of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)can solve this issue with a double benefit.Herein,the amino-functionalized lotus root-like carbon nanofibers(NH_(2)-PLCNFs)are prepared by the amination of electrospinning carbon nanofibers under dielectric barrier discharge plasma.Selective catalytic oxidation of H_(2)S to elemental sulfur(S)is achieved over the metalfree NH_(2)-PLCNFs catalyst,and the obtained composite S@NH_(2)-PLCNFs is further used as cathode in LSBs.NH_(2)-PLCNFs enable efficient desulfurization(removal capacity as high as 3.46 g H_(2)S g^(−1) catalyst)and strongly covalent stabilization of S on modified carbon nanofibers.LSBs equipped with S@NH_(2)-PLCNFs deliver a high specific capacity of 705.8 mA h g^(−1) at 1 C after 1000 cycles based on the spatial confinement and the covalent stabilization of electroactive materials on amino-functionalized porous carbon matrix.It is revealed that S@NH_(2)-PLCNFs obtained by this kind of chemical vapor deposition leads to a more homogeneous S distribution and superior electrochemical performance to the sample S/NH_(2)-PLCNF-M prepared by the traditional molten infusion.This work opens a new avenue for the combination of environment protection and energy storage.

Three-dimensional ordered hierarchically porous carbon materials for high performance Li-Se battery

Developing host materials with high specific surface area, good electron conductivity, and fast ion transportation channel is critical for high performance lithium-selenium(Li-Se) batteries. Herein, a series of three dimensional ordered hierarchically porous carbon(3D OHPC) materials with micro/meso/macropores are designed and synthesized for Li-Se battery. The porous structure is tuned by following the concept of the generalized Murray’s law to facilitate the mass diffusion and reduce ion transport resistance.The optimized 3D Se/OHPC cathode exhibits a very high 2 nd discharge capacity of 651 m Ah/g and retains 361 m Ah/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Even at a high current rate of 5 C, the battery still shows a discharge capacity as high as 155 m Ah/g. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergy effect of the interconnected and well-designed micro, meso and macroporosity while shortened ions diffusion pathways of such Murray materials accelerate its ionic and electronic conductivities leading to the enhanced electrochemical reaction. The diffusivity coefficient in Se/OHPC can reach a very high value of 1.3 × 10^(-11)cm^(2)/s, much higher than those in single pore size carbon hosts. Their effective volume expansion accommodation capability and reduced dissolution of polyselenides ensure the high stability of the battery. This work, for the first time, established the clear relationship between textural properties of cathode materials and their performance and demonstrates that the concept of the generalized Murray’s law can be used as efficient guidance for the rational design and synthesis of advanced hierarchically porous materials and the great potential of 3D OHPC materials as a practical high performance cathode material for Li-Se batteries.

Preparation and Study of Borosilicate Foam Glass with High Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Strength

Foam glass is a kind of green building material that is widely used because of its excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties.In this study,the borosilicate foam glass was fabricated by powder sintering method using recycled soda lime waste glass,quartz,and borax as the primary raw materials.CaCO_(3)was used as a foaming agent and Na_(2)CO_(3)as a flux agent.Results showed that as the quartz content decreases from 30 to 17.5 wt.%and borax content increases from 5 to 17.5 wt.%,the pore size,porosity,and thermal insulation of borosilicate foam glass increase significantly,while the compressive strength decreases slightly.When the content of quartz and borax are both 17.5 wt.%,borosilicate foam glass with outstanding performance can be prepared,whose pore distribution is uniform,mean pore size is 1.93 mm,total porosity is 83.44%,thermal conductivity is 0.0711W/(m⋅K),and compressive strength is 2.37 MPa.Finally,the influences of foaming agent content,flux agent content,foaming temperature,and holding time on the pore structure and various properties of borosilicate foam glass were investigated by orthogonal test.According to the results,the foaming temperature has a significant effect,and appropriate foaming agent content,flux agent content,and holding time help to form a uniform pore structure,thereby improving the thermal insulation and mechanical strength of the borosilicate foam glass.

Using Augmented Reality Techniques to Simulate Training and Assistance in Electric Power

In combination with the augmented reality (AR) technology and Hololens device, an electric power work assist system is developed to provide a more realistic and convenient training experience for electric power training. The training effect was improved, and help guidance information was provided in the actual operation of electric power work. Experimental results show that difficulty of electric power work is reduced and the efficiency of actual work is improved.

纳米银线可拉伸透明导电薄膜研究进展:材料、器件与应用

随着电子产品不断向可穿戴和便携式方向发展,在可拉伸基底上制备柔性电子器件引起了人们极大的兴趣.作为电子器件的重要部件之一,可拉伸透明导电薄膜成为重要的研究方向.传统的铟锡氧化物材料因其柔韧性差等问题不能在柔性器件中应用.纳米银线作为一种新型的一维纳米材料,不仅具备纳米材料的尺寸效应和较高的电导率,同时又赋予了可拉伸透明导电薄膜优异的光学性能和柔韧性能,使其在可拉伸导电材料中具有广阔的应用前景.本文综述了纳米银线的合成方法以及国内外纳米银线基可拉伸透明导电薄膜的研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望,以期为制备高性能的纳米银线透明导电薄膜提供参考.

蜜蜂球囊菌菌丝和孢子中环状RNA的鉴定及比较分析

【目的】本研究旨在明确蜜蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis,简称球囊菌)菌丝和孢子中环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)的数量、种类和表达谱差异,并探讨共有circRNA、特有circRNA和差异表达circRNA(differentially expressed circRNA,DEcircRNA)在菌丝与孢子中的潜在作用。【方法】基于前期获得的球囊菌菌丝(AaM)和孢子(AaS)的高质量RNA-seq数据,利用find_circ软件预测circRNA。通过Venn分析筛选AaM和AaS的共有circRNA和特有circRNA。根据P≤0.05且|log2 fold change|≥1的标准筛选AaM vs.AaS比较组的DEcircRNA。通过比对GO和KEGG数据库对circRNA的来源基因进行功能和通路注释。利用TargetFinder软件预测circRNA靶向结合的miRNA及miRNA靶向结合的mRNA。采用Cytoscape软件对竞争性内源RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)调控网络进行可视化。通过RT-qPCR对DEcircRNA进行验证。【结果】AaM和AaS中分别含有13210156和19011000条短序列读段(anchors reads),其中分别有6124922和11392886条能够比对上球囊菌参考基因组。在AaM和AaS中分别鉴定到1868个和2225个circRNA,二者共有的circRNA为1098个,AaM的特有circRNA为770个,AaS的特有circRNA为1127个。AaM和AaS的circRNA长度主要介于1000–2000 nt,基因间区circRNA为主要环化类型。AaM vs.AaS比较组包含456个上调circRNA和97个下调circRNA。共有circRNA的来源基因可注释到29个功能条目和14类通路;AaM的特有circRNA的来源基因可注释到31个功能和17类通路;AaS的特有circRNA的来源基因可注释到34个功能条目和16类通路;DEcircRNA的来源基因可注释到29个功能条目和40条通路。调控网络分析结果显示,36个共有circRNA靶向4个miRNA进而调控6个与内吞作用通路相关的靶mRNA;4(255)个AaM(AaS)的特有circRNA靶向2(2)个miRNA进而调控8(2)个次级代谢产物生物合成通路相关的靶mRNA;9个DEcircRNA靶向2个DEmiRNA进而调控3个MAPK信号通路相关的DEmRNA。RT-qPCR结果显示10个DEcircRNA的表达趋势与测序数据一致,证实了测序数据的可靠性。【结论】球囊菌菌丝和孢子的共有circRNA、特有circRNA和DEcircRNA可能通过调控来源基因表达和充当ceRNA的方式调节球囊菌的物质和能量代谢、内吞作用、次级代谢产物生物合成和MAPK信号通路,进而影响球囊菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和致病性。

Hierarchically porous materials： Synthesis strategies and emerging applications

Great interests have arisen over the last decade in the development of hierarchically porous materials. The hierarchical structure enables materials to have maximum structural functions owing to enhanced accessibility and mass transport properties, leading to improved perfor- mances in various applications. Hierarchical porous materials are in high demand for applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, energy and biochemistry. In the present review, recent advances in synthesis routes to hierarchically porous materials are reviewed together with their catalytic contributions.

The effect of hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios on its pore structure and catalytic performance

Hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios(Hier-ZSM-5-x,where x=50,100,150 and 200)were synthesized using an ordered mesoporous carbon-silica composite as hard template.Hier-ZSM-5-x exhibits improved mass transport properties,excellent mechanical and hydrothermal stability,and higher catalytic activity than commercial bulk zeolites in the benzyl alcohol self-etherification reaction.Results show that a decrease in the Si/Al ratio in hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites leads to a significant increase in the acidity and the density of micropores,which increases the final catalytic conversion.The effect of porous hierarchy on the diffusion of active sites and the final catalytic activity was also studied by comparing the catalytic conversion after selectively designed poisoned acid sites.These poisoned Hier-ZSM-5-x shows much higher catalytic conversion than the poisoned commercial ZSM-5 zeolite,which indicates that the numerous intracrystalline mesopores significantly reduce the diffusion path of the reactant,leading to the faster diffusion inside the zeolite to contact with the acid sites in the micropores predominating in ZSM-5 zeolites.This study can be extended to develop a series of hierarchical single-crystal zeolites with expected catalytic performance.

Local feature aggregation algorithm based on graph convolutional network

1Introduction and main contributions In the field of social networks and knowledge graphs,semi-supervised learning models based on graph convolutional networks have achieved great success in node classification[1],inductive node embedding[2],link prediction[3],and recommend.These semi-supervised models based on graph convolutional network(GCN)[4]expect to obtain more feature information of a graph or accelerate the training.

Cholinergic dysfunction-induced insufficient activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor drives the development of rheumatoid arthritis through promoting protein citrullination via the SP3/PAD4 pathway

Both cholinergic dysfunction and protein citrullination are the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),but the relationship between the two phenomena remains unclear.We explored whether and how cholinergic dysfunction accelerates protein citrullination and consequently drives the development of RA.Cholinergic function and protein citrullination levels in patients with RA and collageninduced arthritis(CIA)mice were collected.In both neuron-macrophage coculture system and CIA mice,the effect of cholinergic dysfunction on protein citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases(PADs)was assessed by immunofluorescence.The key transcription factors for PAD4 expression were predicted and validated.Cholinergic dysfunction in the patients with RA and CIA mice negatively correlated with the degree of protein citrullination in synovial tissues.The cholinergic or alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(a7nAChR)deactivation and activation resulted in the promotion and reduction of protein citrullination in vitro and in vivo,respectively.Especially,the activation deficiency of a7nAChR induced the earlier onset and aggravation of CIA.Furthermore,deactivation of a7nAChR increased the expression of PAD4 and specificity protein-3(SP3)in vitro and in vivo.Our results suggest that cholinergic dysfunction-induced deficient a7nAChR activation,which induces the expression of SP3 and its downstream molecule PAD4,accelerating protein citrullination and the development of RA.

Broken electron transfer pathway in enzyme:Gold clusters inhibiting TrxR1/Trx via cell studies and theory simulations

Thioredoxin reductase 1(TrxR1)is over activity in tumor cell to maintain their redox balance.Although gold clusters have great potential in antitumor drug as they could well inhibit TrxR1,the molecular mechanism has not been disclosed yet.In this work,we revealed gold clusters can well inhibit the activity of TrxR1 in lung tumor cells and further disclosed the inhibition mechanism by using computational simulation methods.We firstly inferred the binding sites of gold in the hydrophobic cavities on TrxR1.The simulation results show that the gold ion(released from Au cluster)interact with–SH of Cys189 in TrxR1,this greatly increase the distance between the C-terminal redox center of TrxR1 and the Trx redox center,thereby destroy the electron transfer pathway between them.Our electron transfer destroying mechanism is different from the previous hypothesis that gold binds to the Sec498 of TrxR1 which has never been proved by experimental and theory studies.This work provides a new understanding of the gold clusters to inhibit TrxR1 activity.

Iron-Catalyzed Borylation and Silylation of Unactivated Tertiary,Secondary,and Primary Alkyl Chlorides

Herein,we describe an iron-catalyzed borylation and silylation of unactivated alkyl chlorides,delivering the tertiary,secondary,and primary alkylboronic esters,and secondary,primary alkylsilanes with high efficiency.This protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility,allowing the efficient late-stage borylation of biorelevant compounds,thus offering an excellent platform in drug discovery and development.Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that an alkyl radical was involved in this catalytic system.