DAAPS: A Deformable-Attention-Based Anchor-Free Person Search Model

Person Search is a task involving pedestrian detection and person re-identification,aiming to retrieve person images matching a given objective attribute from a large-scale image library.The Person Search models need to understand and capture the detailed features and context information of smaller objects in the image more accurately and comprehensively.The current popular Person Search models,whether end-to-end or two-step,are based on anchor boxes.However,due to the limitations of the anchor itself,the model inevitably has some disadvantages,such as unbalance of positive and negative samples and redundant calculation,which will affect the performance of models.To address the problem of fine-grained understanding of target pedestrians in complex scenes and small sizes,this paper proposes a Deformable-Attention-based Anchor-free Person Search model(DAAPS).Fully Convolutional One-Stage(FCOS),as a classic Anchor-free detector,is chosen as the model’s infrastructure.The DAAPS model is the first to combine the Anchor-free Person Search model with Deformable Attention Mechanism,applied to guide the model adaptively adjust the perceptual.The Deformable Attention Mechanism is used to help the model focus on the critical information and effectively improve the poor accuracy caused by the absence of anchor boxes.The experiment proves the adaptability of the Attention mechanism to the Anchor-free model.Besides,with an improved ResNeXt+network frame,the DAAPS model selects the Triplet-based Online Instance Matching(TOIM)Loss function to achieve a more precise end-to-end Person Search task.Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed model has higher accuracy and better robustness than most Person Search models,reaching 95.0%of mean Average Precision(mAP)and 95.6%of Top-1 on the CUHK-SYSU dataset,48.6%of mAP and 84.7%of Top-1 on the Person Re-identification in the Wild(PRW)dataset,respectively.

Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora chinensis,and putative hybrids

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

Is there a great unconformity between Xiamaling and Longshan formations in the North China Craton?

The existence of a 0.3 Ga"great unconformity"between the Mesoproterozoic"Undefined System"Xiamaling Formation and the"Neoproterozoic"Longshan Formation has long been controversial.In this study,stratigraphy,sedimentology,detrital zircon dating,lithium isotope,and major and trace elements were applied to systematically analyze their relationship.Results demonstrate that coarse to fine sandstone-mudstone normal cycles with different grades and thicknesses exist from the Xiamaling to the Longshan formations.Sedimentary succession formed from a restricted platform with lagoon-shallow marine shelf-tidal flat-beach and tidal shoal developing in ascending order.The pebbly sandstone at the bottom of the Long shan Formation does not have the properties of basal conglomerate with tectonic significance.The youngest detrital zircon is older than 1.6 Ga for the Long shan Formation and overlying Jing'eryu Formation sandstones.In addition,no(zircon)provenance has been found from the large igneous province of 1.32-1.2 Ga in Xiamaling Formation.Theδ^(7)Li isotope values exhibit a gradually increasing trend.The Li content and CIA(Chemical index of alteration)gradually decreases from the top of the Xiamaling Formation to the lower part of the Long shan Formation.Simultaneously,as K_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)and FeO/Fe_(2)O_(3)decreases,Na_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)increases,and Li/Al,V/Cr,and V/(V+Ni)fluctuates slightly.At the boundary,the Ce/Ce^(*)and Eu/Eu^(*)show positive and negative anomalies,respectively.Further,the Rb/Sr and Al/Si values decrease,and U/Th values increase.This indicates that the geochemistry of the weathering crust at the interface of the Xiamaling Formation-Long shan Formation is not characteristic.However,it indicates a weakening of continental weathering intensity from the bottom to the top of the interface.These results do not support the existence of a large unconformity between the Xiamaling and the Longshan formations.Therefore,it is suggested that the Long shan Formation-Jing'eryu Formation should be moved to the lower level in the stratigraphic chart,where it should form part of the Mesoproterozoic"Undefined System"along with the Xiamaling Formation.On this basis,the paleogeography of the Xiamaling Formation-Longshan Formation-Jing'eryu Formation sedimentary period in the Yanliao area of North China has been reclassified.

Current and future control of the wood-boring pest Anoplophora glabripennis

The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis is one of the most successful and most feared invasive insect species worldwide. This review covers recent research concerning the distribution of and damage caused by ALB, as well as major efforts to control and manage ALB in China. The distribution and destruction range of ALB have continued to expand over the past decade worldwide, and the number of interceptions has remained high. Detection and monitoring methods for the early discovery of ALB have diversified, with advances in semiochemical research and using satellite remote sensing in China. Ecological control of ALB in China involves planting mixtures of preferred and resistant tree species, and this practice can prevent outbreaks. In addition, strategies for chemical and biological control of ALB have achieved promising results during the last decade in China, especially the development of insecticides targeting different stages of ALB, and applying Dastarcus helophoroides and Dendrocopos major as biocontrol agents. Finally, we analyze recommendations for ALB prevention and management strategies based on native range and invasive area research. This information will hopefully help some invaded areas where the target is containment of ALB.

Grain Science and Technology Policies and Food Security in China:An Empirical Study Based on a Provincial Dynamic Panel Model

China’s grain science and technology policies have played an important role in the development of China’s food industry.This paper aims to examine the effects of China’s grain science and technology policies on food security.It quantitatively assesses China’s food security by analyzing the main contents and development trends of China’s food science technology policies through the text metrology method,and then investigates the effects of grain science and technology policies on food security by employing a provincial dynamic panel model.The results show that food security in China is all-round developed,and that the release frequency and cumulative effect of grain science and technology policies play a significant role in promoting food security.Powerful grain science and technology policies can effectively guarantee China’s food security.