红树林作为独特的海陆过渡湿地,具有极高的生态系统服务价值.红树林的保护、管理和恢复与多项联合国可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDGs)密切相关.然而,迄今还没有面向SDGs的中国红树林时空变化分析.本研究利用Landsat...红树林作为独特的海陆过渡湿地,具有极高的生态系统服务价值.红树林的保护、管理和恢复与多项联合国可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDGs)密切相关.然而,迄今还没有面向SDGs的中国红树林时空变化分析.本研究利用Landsat系列卫星数据和面向对象分析方法解译1973~2020年中国红树林生长区的土地覆被,得出近50年红树林及其与周边土地覆被类型的时空变化和相互转化.结合红树林的保护和恢复等政策,探讨SDGs在中国红树林方面的实施进展.结果表明:由于农田和养殖池扩张等因素,1973~2000年中国红树林面积减少30199ha(1 ha=1×10^(4)m^(2))(约占1973年的62%);2000~2020年,由于中国政府的大力保护和造林,全国新增红树林9408 ha,红树林总面积基本恢复到1980年的水平;1973~2020年,中国滨海一直生长有红树林的陆表面积为8657 ha,仅占1973年红树林总面积的18%.从SDGs元年(2015年)到目标完成年(2020年),中国沿海新增25%的红树林;截至2020年9月,中国红树林保护区面积占生长区的16%,77%的红树林得到良好的保护,国家级经济特区中实施基于生态系统管理措施的比例达80%.近年来,中国政府颁布了一系列的法律、法规和行动计划以达到停止毁林、恢复红树林的目的,中国红树林的保护和恢复已基本达到了相关SDGs的规定.本工作的研究方法、数据集和结论可为监测和评估中国乃至全球落实可持续发展议程提供方法借鉴和数据基础.展开更多
Chronic viral infections and malignant tumors can cause T cells to become dysfunctional and exhausted through two different associated immune statuses:inflammation and immunosuppression.Inflammatory immunity is a nece...Chronic viral infections and malignant tumors can cause T cells to become dysfunctional and exhausted through two different associated immune statuses:inflammation and immunosuppression.Inflammatory immunity is a necessary step for the establishment of the immune response to control infection and cancer.However,once a pathogen cannot be cleared in time or a tumor continues to progress,an immunosuppressive environment involving various immune cells and cytokines may form,thereby promoting the persistence of the pathogen or tumor.Among those immune factors,type I interferons play a dual role by driving inflammation and inducing a variety of suppressive factors that limit immune responses in chronic infection and cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(CBAS2022ORP06)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19040500)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171372 and 42171379)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021227)the Open Fund of State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University(19I02)the National Earth System Science Data Center(www.geodata.cn)Xiangming Xiao was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation(1911955)。
文摘Chronic viral infections and malignant tumors can cause T cells to become dysfunctional and exhausted through two different associated immune statuses:inflammation and immunosuppression.Inflammatory immunity is a necessary step for the establishment of the immune response to control infection and cancer.However,once a pathogen cannot be cleared in time or a tumor continues to progress,an immunosuppressive environment involving various immune cells and cytokines may form,thereby promoting the persistence of the pathogen or tumor.Among those immune factors,type I interferons play a dual role by driving inflammation and inducing a variety of suppressive factors that limit immune responses in chronic infection and cancer.