Scanning near-field optical microscopy （SNOM） is an ideal experimental measuring system in nano-optical measurements and characterizations. Besides microscopy with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, spectrosco...Scanning near-field optical microscopy （SNOM） is an ideal experimental measuring system in nano-optical measurements and characterizations. Besides microscopy with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, spectroscope with nanometer resolution and other instruments with novel performances have been indispensable for researches in nano-optics and nanophotonics. This paper reviews the developing history of near-field optical （NFO） measuring method and foresees its prospects in future. The development of NFO measurements has gone through four stages, including optical imaging with super resolution, near-field spectroscopy, measurements ofnanooptical parameters, and detections of near-field interac- tions. For every stage, research objectives, technological properties and application fields are discussed.展开更多
Elevated CO2 can stimulate wetland carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways, however, the consequent influences on the C and N pools are still not fully known. Therefore, we set u...Elevated CO2 can stimulate wetland carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways, however, the consequent influences on the C and N pools are still not fully known. Therefore, we set up a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment in a paddy field in Eastern China. After five year fumigation, we studied C and N in the plant-water-soil system. The results showed： （1） elevated CO2 stimulated rice aboveground biomass and N accumulations by 19.1% and 12.5%, respectively. （2） Elevated CO2 significantly increased paddy soil TOC and TN contents by 12.5% and 15.5%, respectively in the 0-15 crn layer, and 22.7% and 26.0% in the 15-30 cm soil layer. （3） Averaged across the rice growing period, elevated CO2 greatly increased TOC and TN contents in the surface water by 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. （4） The TOC/TN ratio and natural 5ISN value in the surface soil showed a decreasing trend under elevated CO2. The above results indicate that elevated CO2 can benefit C and N accumulation in paddy fields. Given the similarity between the paddies and natural wetlands, our results also suggest a great potential for long-term C and N accumulation in natural wetlands under future climate patterns.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61177089）.
文摘Scanning near-field optical microscopy （SNOM） is an ideal experimental measuring system in nano-optical measurements and characterizations. Besides microscopy with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, spectroscope with nanometer resolution and other instruments with novel performances have been indispensable for researches in nano-optics and nanophotonics. This paper reviews the developing history of near-field optical （NFO） measuring method and foresees its prospects in future. The development of NFO measurements has gone through four stages, including optical imaging with super resolution, near-field spectroscopy, measurements ofnanooptical parameters, and detections of near-field interac- tions. For every stage, research objectives, technological properties and application fields are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31200369)the Lecture and Study Program for Outstanding Scholars from Home and Abroad, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2011007)
文摘Elevated CO2 can stimulate wetland carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） exports through gaseous and dissolved pathways, however, the consequent influences on the C and N pools are still not fully known. Therefore, we set up a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment in a paddy field in Eastern China. After five year fumigation, we studied C and N in the plant-water-soil system. The results showed： （1） elevated CO2 stimulated rice aboveground biomass and N accumulations by 19.1% and 12.5%, respectively. （2） Elevated CO2 significantly increased paddy soil TOC and TN contents by 12.5% and 15.5%, respectively in the 0-15 crn layer, and 22.7% and 26.0% in the 15-30 cm soil layer. （3） Averaged across the rice growing period, elevated CO2 greatly increased TOC and TN contents in the surface water by 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. （4） The TOC/TN ratio and natural 5ISN value in the surface soil showed a decreasing trend under elevated CO2. The above results indicate that elevated CO2 can benefit C and N accumulation in paddy fields. Given the similarity between the paddies and natural wetlands, our results also suggest a great potential for long-term C and N accumulation in natural wetlands under future climate patterns.
