Sulfur(S)is an essential biological element,and S cycling is mainly driven by metabolically versatile microorganisms.The river–wetland–ocean(RWO)continuum here is defined as the dynamically connected region with est...Sulfur(S)is an essential biological element,and S cycling is mainly driven by metabolically versatile microorganisms.The river–wetland–ocean(RWO)continuum here is defined as the dynamically connected region with estuary,wetland,and near-marine ecosystems,and it is considered a hotspot of biogeochemical cycling,especially a major biotope for S cycling.Various forms and oxidation states of S compounds are considered ideal electron donors or acceptors and are widely utilized by microorganisms via inorganic or organic S-cycling processes.The S-cycling pathways are intimately linked to the carbon(C),nitrogen,phosphorus,and metal cycles,playing crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling,C sequestration,and greenhouse gas emissions through various mechanisms in the RWO continuum.This review provides a comprehensive understanding of microbially driven S cycling in the RWO continuum.We first illustrate the importance of S cycling in this continuum,including key microorganisms and functional processes(e.g.,dissimilatory sulfate reduction,S oxidation,dimethylsulfoniopropionate production,and catabolism)as well as their corresponding S flux characteristics.In particular,we emphasize recent advances in the coupling mechanisms of the S cycle with other major element cycles.We further propose important perspectives for developing microbiome engineering of S-cycling microbial communities via integration of current knowledge about the multidimensional diversity,cultivation,evolution,and interaction of S-cycling microorganisms and their coupling mechanisms in the RWO continuum,providing a new window on applying microbiome-based biotechnologies to overcome global climate challenges.展开更多
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Continental margins contain large reservoirs of methane as solid gas hydrate and the dissolved and gaseous forms of methane. Submarine methane seeps along the global continental mar...Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Continental margins contain large reservoirs of methane as solid gas hydrate and the dissolved and gaseous forms of methane. Submarine methane seeps along the global continental margins, including the coastal seas, have been estimated to contribute 0.01 to 0.05 Gt of carbon to the atmosphere annually, accounting for between 1%and 5% of the global methane emissions to the atmosphere. Much of this methane is exhausted via microbial anaerobic methane oxidation. Methane biotransformation in the ocean has effects on global climate change. This review mainly introduces the mechanisms of methanogenesis and methane oxidation and describes new findings that will provide information that will improve the understanding of the balance in terms of the generation, migration and consumption of methane in marine environments. Moreover, this review provides new insights into methane biogeochemical cycles and the effects of marine methane budgets on global climate.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92251306,91951207,and 321000-77)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML2020SP004,SML2021SP203,and 311022011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703751).
文摘Sulfur(S)is an essential biological element,and S cycling is mainly driven by metabolically versatile microorganisms.The river–wetland–ocean(RWO)continuum here is defined as the dynamically connected region with estuary,wetland,and near-marine ecosystems,and it is considered a hotspot of biogeochemical cycling,especially a major biotope for S cycling.Various forms and oxidation states of S compounds are considered ideal electron donors or acceptors and are widely utilized by microorganisms via inorganic or organic S-cycling processes.The S-cycling pathways are intimately linked to the carbon(C),nitrogen,phosphorus,and metal cycles,playing crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling,C sequestration,and greenhouse gas emissions through various mechanisms in the RWO continuum.This review provides a comprehensive understanding of microbially driven S cycling in the RWO continuum.We first illustrate the importance of S cycling in this continuum,including key microorganisms and functional processes(e.g.,dissimilatory sulfate reduction,S oxidation,dimethylsulfoniopropionate production,and catabolism)as well as their corresponding S flux characteristics.In particular,we emphasize recent advances in the coupling mechanisms of the S cycle with other major element cycles.We further propose important perspectives for developing microbiome engineering of S-cycling microbial communities via integration of current knowledge about the multidimensional diversity,cultivation,evolution,and interaction of S-cycling microorganisms and their coupling mechanisms in the RWO continuum,providing a new window on applying microbiome-based biotechnologies to overcome global climate challenges.
基金supported by the State Key R & D Project of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0601102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41525011, 91228201 & 91428308)the National Special Project on Gas Hydrate of China (Grant Nos. GZH201100311 & DD20160217)
文摘Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Continental margins contain large reservoirs of methane as solid gas hydrate and the dissolved and gaseous forms of methane. Submarine methane seeps along the global continental margins, including the coastal seas, have been estimated to contribute 0.01 to 0.05 Gt of carbon to the atmosphere annually, accounting for between 1%and 5% of the global methane emissions to the atmosphere. Much of this methane is exhausted via microbial anaerobic methane oxidation. Methane biotransformation in the ocean has effects on global climate change. This review mainly introduces the mechanisms of methanogenesis and methane oxidation and describes new findings that will provide information that will improve the understanding of the balance in terms of the generation, migration and consumption of methane in marine environments. Moreover, this review provides new insights into methane biogeochemical cycles and the effects of marine methane budgets on global climate.