Observations are presented from experiments and calculations where a laminar spherical CH4/air flame is perturbed successively by incident and reflected shock waves. The experiments are performed in a standard shock t...Observations are presented from experiments and calculations where a laminar spherical CH4/air flame is perturbed successively by incident and reflected shock waves. The experiments are performed in a standard shock tube arrangement, in which a high-speed shadowgraph imaging system is used to record evolutions of the flame. Numerical simulations are conducted by using second-order wave propagation algorithms, based on two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with detailed chemical reactions. Qualitative agreements are obtained between the experimental and numerical results. Under actions of incident shock waves, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability responsible for the flame deformation is induced in the flame, and the distoned flame takes a barrel shape. Then, under subsequent actions of the shock wave reflected from a planar wall, the flame takes an inclined non-symmetrical kidney shape in a symmetric cross section, which means a mushroom-like shape of the flame comes finally into being. The vorticity direction in the ring cap has been altered by the reflected shock's action, which makes the head of the mushroom-like flame extend quickly to the side wall.展开更多
In this paper, the control of turbulent channel flow by space-dependent electromagnetic force and the mechanism of drag reduction are investigated with the direct numerical simulation(DNS) methods for different Reynol...In this paper, the control of turbulent channel flow by space-dependent electromagnetic force and the mechanism of drag reduction are investigated with the direct numerical simulation(DNS) methods for different Reynolds numbers. A formulation is derived to express the relation between the drag and the Reynolds shear stress. With the application of optimal electromagnetic force, the in-depth relations among characteristic structures in the flow field, mean Reynolds shear stress, and the effect of drag reduction for different Reynolds numbers are discussed. The results indicate that the maximum drag reductions can be obtained with an optimal combination of parameters for each case of different Reynolds numbers. The regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures, which appear in the flow field, have the same period with that of the electromagnetic force.These structures suppress the random velocity fluctuations, which leads to the absolute value of mean Reynolds shear stress decreasing and the distribution of that moving away from the wall. Moreover, the wave number of optimal electromagnetic force increases,and the scale of the regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures decreases as the Reynolds number increases. Therefore, the rate of drag reduction decreases with the increase in the Reynolds number since the scale of the regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures decreases.展开更多
Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW)on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach ...Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW)on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number.Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge(upper limit)to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation occurs(lower limit).For pathological detonation cases,however,the CJ detonation cannot be achieved,and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited.In present study,two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation,that is,the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process,have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW.The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems.The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW.Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics,Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions.It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio,the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow,regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472047)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science Technology, Beijing University of Science and Technology (KFJJ06-3)
文摘Observations are presented from experiments and calculations where a laminar spherical CH4/air flame is perturbed successively by incident and reflected shock waves. The experiments are performed in a standard shock tube arrangement, in which a high-speed shadowgraph imaging system is used to record evolutions of the flame. Numerical simulations are conducted by using second-order wave propagation algorithms, based on two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with detailed chemical reactions. Qualitative agreements are obtained between the experimental and numerical results. Under actions of incident shock waves, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability responsible for the flame deformation is induced in the flame, and the distoned flame takes a barrel shape. Then, under subsequent actions of the shock wave reflected from a planar wall, the flame takes an inclined non-symmetrical kidney shape in a symmetric cross section, which means a mushroom-like shape of the flame comes finally into being. The vorticity direction in the ring cap has been altered by the reflected shock's action, which makes the head of the mushroom-like flame extend quickly to the side wall.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11672135)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(No.201461)
文摘In this paper, the control of turbulent channel flow by space-dependent electromagnetic force and the mechanism of drag reduction are investigated with the direct numerical simulation(DNS) methods for different Reynolds numbers. A formulation is derived to express the relation between the drag and the Reynolds shear stress. With the application of optimal electromagnetic force, the in-depth relations among characteristic structures in the flow field, mean Reynolds shear stress, and the effect of drag reduction for different Reynolds numbers are discussed. The results indicate that the maximum drag reductions can be obtained with an optimal combination of parameters for each case of different Reynolds numbers. The regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures, which appear in the flow field, have the same period with that of the electromagnetic force.These structures suppress the random velocity fluctuations, which leads to the absolute value of mean Reynolds shear stress decreasing and the distribution of that moving away from the wall. Moreover, the wave number of optimal electromagnetic force increases,and the scale of the regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures decreases as the Reynolds number increases. Therefore, the rate of drag reduction decreases with the increase in the Reynolds number since the scale of the regular quasi-streamwise vortex structures decreases.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872213)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,NJUST(No.6142604180205)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Beijing Institute of Technology)(No.KFJJ17-11M)。
文摘Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW)on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number.Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge(upper limit)to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation occurs(lower limit).For pathological detonation cases,however,the CJ detonation cannot be achieved,and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited.In present study,two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation,that is,the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process,have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW.The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems.The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW.Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics,Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions.It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio,the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow,regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.