Construction of hierarchical photocatalysts by growing ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets on Prussian blue analogue-derived bimetallic sulfides for solar co-production of H_(2) and organic chemicals

Exploring highly efficient bifunctional photocatalysts for simultaneous H2 evolution and organic chemical production in pure water represents a green route for sustainable solar energy storage and conversion.Herein,a facile strategy was explored for preparing a hierarchical porous heterostructure of Fe_(4)Ni_(5)S_(8)@ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(FNS@ZIS)by the in situ growth of ZIS nanosheets on Prussian blue analogue(PBA)-derived bimetallic FNS sulfides.A series of FNS@ZIS hierarchical structures were facilely prepared by adjusting the loading amount(n%)of FNS(n=19,26,and 32 for FNS@ZIS-1-3).These structures can efficiently drive the solar co-production of H_(2) and organic chemicals.The optimal co-production was achieved with FNS@ZIS-2,affording a H_(2) evolution rate of 10465μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),along with high selectivity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde(>99.9%).The performance was 22 and 31 times higher than that of FNS and ZIS,respectively,and even superior to the state-of-the-art results achieved using various sacrificial agents.Further mechanistic study indicated that the unique hierarchical core/shell architecture can facilitate interfacial charge separation,afford bimetallic synergy,abundant active sites and excellent photostability.This work highlights a simple and efficient method for preparing porous multimetallic hierarchical structures for the solar co-production of organic chemicals and H_(2) fuel.

全脑放疗同步或序贯替尼泊甙、顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移(英文)

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare efficacies and safeties of 2 different treatments of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) sequential or concomitant Vm26/DDP for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastases. Methods: A total of 39 patients were randomly divided into sequential chemoradiotherapy regime (A group, 20 patients) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy regime (B group, 19 patients). The dose of WBRT was 36 Gy in 18–20 fractions, chemotherapy of Vm26/DDP regimen with teniposide 60 mg/m2 on d1 to d3 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 on d1 to d5, repeating every 3 weeks. The response was evaluated after WBRT and 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Results: Total response rates of A and B groups were 70.0% and 78.9% respectively (P = 0.520). The median survival was 11 months in A group and 10 months in B group. Six, twelve and eighteen months cumulative survival rates of A and B groups were 75.0%, 42.5%, 26.2%, and 81.6%, 26.4%, 10.5%, respectively (χ2 = 0.383, P > 0.05). Response rate and the number of brain metastases were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Both sequential and concomitant chemoradiotherapy groups are effective, and the main toxicity with myelosuppression is tolerable after therapy. It can be applied firstly and effectively to the SCLC patients with brain metastases in clinic .

低温条件下反常的铁电保持

理解铁电材料畴结构在低温条件下的翻转行为,对于铁电物理以及其在宽温域的应用都非常重要;然而,目前在低温条件下直接观测介观尺度下的畴翻转仍然面临着巨大的挑战.本论文利用铁酸铋(BiFeO_(3))作为模型来研究3.6–260 K温度范围内的铁电畴翻转行为.菱形相的BiFeO_(3)在温度为130 K时观测到了明显的铁电保持失效现象;这是因为BiFeO_(3)在130 K附近有较大的热释电系数,从而使其升温到该温度附近时释放了大量的热释电电荷,进而产生较强的退极化场,导致铁电极化翻转.另外,本论文还发现通过纳米尺度设计相界可以有效地抑制铁电保持失效.本研究为变温条件下,尤其是低温温域,研究铁电翻转提供了实验范式.

Advanced fabrication for electrospun three-dimensional nanofiber aerogels and scaffolds

Electrospinning is a versatile strategy for creating nanofiber materials with various structures,which has broad application for a myriad of areas ranging from tissue engineering,energy harvesting,filtration and has become one of the most important academic and technical activities in the field of material science in recent years.In addition to playing a significant role in the construction of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,electrospinning holds great promise as a robust method for producing three-dimensional(3D)aerogels and scaffolds.This article reviews and summarizes the recent advanced methods for fabricating electrospun three-dimensional nanofiber aerogels and scaffolds,including gas foaming,direct electrospinning of 3D nanofibrous scaffold,short nanofibers assembling into 3D aerogels/scaffolds,3D printing,electrospray,origami and cell sheet engineering,centrifugal electrospinning,and other methods.Besides,intriguing formation process,crosslinking pathway,properties,and applications of 3D aerogels and scaffolds are also introduced.Taken together,these aerogels and scaffolds with various excellent features present tremendous potential in various fields.

Recent advances and trends of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment-review

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ formation of hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is an eco-friendly,cost-effective and easy-operable technology to generate hydroxyl radicals (;OH) with high redox potential.The generation of;OH is determined by the synergistic H_(2)O_(2)formation and activation.The surface catalytic mechanisms for H_(2)O_(2)activation in the heterogeneous EF process were discussed.Some required features such as heteroatom doping and oxygen groups for H_(2)O_(2)formation via selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with carbonaceous electrode are summarized.The solid Fenton catalysts and integrated functional cathodes that widely used in heterogeneous EF for wastewater treatment are grouped into few classes.And the brief discussion on catalytic activity and stability of materials over different experimental conditions are given.In addition,the application of heterogeneous EF process on the remediation of emerging contaminants is provided.The challenges and future prospects of the heterogeneous EF processes about catalytic fall-off and multi-step/complex techniques for water purification are emphasized.

Effect of temperature on electric-thermal properties of semiconductive shielding layer and insulation layer for high-voltage cable

A semi‐conductive shielding layer plays an important role in the uniform electric field for a high‐voltage cable.The electric‐thermal properties of the semi‐conductive layer and insulation layer directly affect the overall insulation performance of the cable.The physicochemical performances of semi‐conductive composites are firstly analysed herein.Furthermore,electric‐thermal properties of the semi‐conductive layer and insulation layer are discussed.The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity of the commercial semi‐conductive layer is about twice that of the insulation layer,owing to the effect of carbon black.The thermal expansion coefficient of the insulation layer rises from 1.86×10^(−4)/K at 25℃ to 3.20×10^(−4)/K at 90℃.By contrast,the semi‐conductive layer begins to slowly decline at a certain temperature,and decreases signif-icantly to 2.25×10^(−4)/K at 80℃,owing to the effect of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA).The electrical experiments show that the resistivity of semi‐conductive composite gradually rises with an increase in temperature,and gradually declines with an increase in the carbon black content.The dc breakdown strength of the composite structure of the semi‐conductive layer/insulation layer decreases significantly with an increase in tem-perature,decreasing from 307 kV/mm at 25℃ to 203 kV/mm at 90℃.At four typical temperatures,the breakdown strength reaches the maximum value when the carbon black content is 25 phr.It is about 15%and 19%higher than carbon black contents of 20 and 30 phr.These findings have reference significance for high‐voltage cable breakdown fault analysis and material selection in cable design.

Electrodeposition and Characterization of Ni/Ti_3Si(Al)C_2 Composite Coatings

Pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（AI）C2 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method from an additive-free nickel Watt＇s bath and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of current and Ti3Si（AI）C2 concentration in the solution on the composition, grain size, preferred orientation and surface morphology of the electrodeposited coatings were investigated. （200）-oriented Ni coatings could be deposited at high current （62.5 mA）, while （220）-oriented Ni coatings could be obtained at low current （25 mA）. However, the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles disturbed the surface texture of Ni crystallites in the composite coatings. Based on the simulated morphology and the observed microstructure, the mechanisms for the change of preferred orientation and crystallite shapes in the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles were discussed. Moreover, microhardness and friction properties of pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（Al）C2 composite coatings were also compared.

The tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment impairs the therapy of anti-HER2/neu antibody

It has been well established that immune surveillance plays critical roles in preventing the occurrence and prog-ression of tumor.More and more evidence in recent years showed the host anti-tumor immune responses also play important roles in the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of cancers.Our previous study found that tumor-targeting therapy of anti-HER2/neu mAb is mediated by CD8+T cell responses.However,we found here that enhancement of CD8+T cell responses by combination therapy with IL-15R/IL-15 fusion protein or anti-CD40,which are strong stimultors for T cell responses,failed to promote the tumor therapeutic effects of anti-HER2/neu mAb.Analysis of tumor microenviornment showed that tumor tissues were heavily infiltrated with the immunosuppressive macrophages and most tumor infiltrating T cells,especially CD8^(+)T cells,expressed high level of inhibitory co-signaling receptor PD-1.These data suggest that tumor microenvironment is dominated by the immunosuppressive strategies,which thwart anti-tumor immune responses.Therefore,the successful tumor therapy should be the removal of inhibitory signals in the tumor microenvir-onment in combination with other therapeutic strategies.

Fanconi anemia gene-associated germline predisposition in aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies

Whether Fanconi anemia(FA)heterozygotes are predisposed to bone marrow failure and hematologic neoplasm is a crucial but unsettled issue in cancer prevention and family consulting.We retrospectively analyzed rare possibly significant variations(PSVs)in the five most obligated FA genes,BRCA2,FANCA,FANCC,FANCD2,and FANCG,in 788 patients with aplastic anemia(AA)and hematologic malignancy.Sixty-eight variants were identified in 66 patients(8.38%).FANCA was the most frequently mutated gene(n=29),followed by BRCA2(n=20).Compared with that of the ExAC East Asian dataset,the overall frequency of rare PSVs was higher in our cohort(P=0.016).BRCA2 PSVs showed higher frequency in acute lymphocytic leukemia(P=0.038),and FANCA PSVs were significantly enriched in AA and AML subgroups(P=0.020;P=0.008).FA-PSV-positive MDS/AML patients had a higher tumor mutation burden,higher rate of cytogenetic abnormalities,less epigenetic regulation,and fewer spliceosome gene mutations than those of FA-PSV-negative MDS/AML patients(P=0.024,P=0.029,P=0.024,and P=0.013).The overall PSV enrichment in our cohort suggests that heterozygous mutations of FA genes contribute to hematopoietic failure and leukemogenesis.

CD24Fc protects against viral pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Chinese rhesus monkeys

Viral pneumonia is a major cause of mortality caused by both systemic and respiratory infections.The danger-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)released during cell death in viral infection may cause a self-propagating inflammatory response with lasting lung damage.The CD24–Siglec 10/G interaction is an emerging immune checkpoint that regulates inflammation caused by DAMPs.1,2,3 While we have demonstrated that fortifying this immune checkpoint can reduce inflammation in the colon,4 joints5 and central nervous system,6 it is unclear whether CD24Fc can protect against pneumonia.To address this issue,we evaluated the lung pathology of simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys that received either normal saline(NS)or CD24Fc.

Effect of graphene modified semi-conductive shielding layer on space charge accumulation in insulation layer for high-voltage direct current cable

Space charge accumulation in the insulation layer of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)cable is one of the key factors restricting the development of HVDC cable.The inner semi-conductive layer as an important structure of cable will affect the charge accumu-lation characteristics in the insulation layer.This work intends to explore the method of modifying the semi-conductive layer with graphene,to suppress charge accumulation in the insulation layer.First,the semi-conductive layer with different contents of Graphene(G)and carbon black(CB)are prepared.Second,the morphology and surface roughness of the cross section are analysed.Further,the effects of the semi-conductive layer on space charge accumulation of the insulation layer are studied by pulsed electro-acoustic method and thermal stimulation depolarisation current method.The experimental re-sults show that a moderate amount of graphene replacing CB can effectively reduce charge accumulation in the insulation layer and inhibit positive temperature coefficient(PTC)effect at the same time.The surface roughness of specimens decreases with the increase of G content from 0 to 3 phr(parts per hundreds of resin),when the CB content decreases from 25 to 10 phr,the surface roughness of specimen increases.The resistivity test shows that doping G can significantly inhibit the PTC effect of the semi-conductive layer.The volume resistivity of the semi-conductive layer decreases with the increase of G content and CB content.In addition,charge accumulation of the insulation layer rises and then drops under the action of the semi-conductive layer.

A general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic oxygen reduction for generating singlet oxygen with carbon bridged carbon-nitride electrode

With the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world,water purification has become an urgent global issue.Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen,possessing unoccupiedπ*orbital and exhibiting high selectivity towards electron-rich organic pollutants.Nevertheless,most of the approaches suffer from low-efficiency or biotoxicity,which severely restrict their potential applications.Therefore,in this work,we propose a general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic for selectively reducing oxygen to^(1)O_(2)with designed carbon bridged carbon nitride(CBCN).This work highlights the important role of synergistic photo-electro-catalytic effect for selectively generating the^(1)O_(2)via oxygen reduction pathway,which can be a promising way especially for degrading electron-rich pollutants.

CD24Fc ameliorates immune-related adverse events while preserving anti-tumor therapeutic effect

Dear Editor,In combination,anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAb provide the most effective immunotherapy,although severe immune-related adverse events(irAEs)also occur at high frequency.1 It is urgent to develop strategies to reduce irAEs for wide-spread adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).