Objective:To summarize the colorectal cancer(CRC)burden and trend in the world,and compare the difference of CRC burden between other countries and China.Methods:Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the GL...Objective:To summarize the colorectal cancer(CRC)burden and trend in the world,and compare the difference of CRC burden between other countries and China.Methods:Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN2018 and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.Age-specific incidence trend was conducted by Joinpoint analysis and average annual percent changes were calculated.Results:About 1.85 million new cases and 0.88 million deaths were expected in 2018 worldwide,including 0.52 million(28.20%)new cases and 0.25 million(28.11%)deaths in China.Hungary had the highest age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in the world,while for China,the incidence and mortality rates were only half of that.CRC incidence and mortality were highly correlated with human development index(HDI).Unlike the rapid increase in Republic of Korea and the downward trend in Canada and Australia,the age-standardized incidence rates by world standard population in China and Norway were rising gradually.The age-specific incidence rate in the age group of 50-59 years in China was increasing rapidly,while in Republic of Korea and Canada,the fastest growing age group was 30-39 years.Conclusions:The variations of CRC burden reflect the difference of risk factors,as well as levels of HDI and screening(early detection activities).The burden of CRC in China is high,and the incidence of CRC continues to increase,which may lead to a sustained increase in the burden of CRC in China in the future.Screening should be expanded to control CRC,and focused on young people in China.展开更多
Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is one of the dominant malignances worldwide, but currently there is less focus on the microbiota with ESCC and its precancerous lesions.Methods: Paired esophageal b...Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is one of the dominant malignances worldwide, but currently there is less focus on the microbiota with ESCC and its precancerous lesions.Methods: Paired esophageal biopsy and swab specimens were obtained from 236 participants in Linzhou, China.Data from 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were processed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology(QIIME2) and R Studio to evaluate differences. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare diversity and characteristic genera by specimens and participant groups. Ordinal logistic regression model was used to build microbiol prediction model.Results: Microbial diversity was similar between biopsy and swab specimens, including operational taxonomic unit(OTU) numbers and Shannon index. There were variations and similarities of esophageal microbiota among different pathological characteristics of ESCC. Top 10 relative abundance genera in all groups include Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Alloprevotella, Rothia, Gemella and Porphyromonas. Genus Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Porphyromonas showed significantly difference in disease groups when compared to normal control, whereas Streptococcus showed an increasing tendency with the progression of ESCC and others showed a decreasing tendency. About models based on all combinations of characteristic genera, only taken Streptococcus and Neisseria into model, the prediction performance was the ideal one, of which the area under the curve(AUC) was 0.738.Conclusions: Esophageal biopsy and swab specimens could yield similar microbial characterization. The combination of Streptococcus and Neisseria has the potential to predict the progression of ESCC, which is needed to confirm by large-scale, prospective cohort studies.展开更多
High-performance bi-functional materials are in urgent demand for the next-generation integrated optical devices.In this work,we successfully synthesized the first tricyanomelaminate with bi-functional optical respons...High-performance bi-functional materials are in urgent demand for the next-generation integrated optical devices.In this work,we successfully synthesized the first tricyanomelaminate with bi-functional optical responses,namely Cs_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•H_(2)O(I),from its analogue Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O by a facile ion exchange method.In contrast to Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O,I realizes an optimal arrangement of𝜋π-conjugated(C_(6)N_(9))3−anion groups in its crystal structure.As a result,the second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)response is greatly enhanced from nearly zero of Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O to∼9.8×KH_(2)PO_(4)of I.Furthermore,I exhibits a giant linear optical anisotropic response(i.e.birefringence)of 0.52 at the wavelength of 550 nm.Both responses are almost the largest among the inorganic compounds ofπ-conjugated rings,which indicates that I has great potential as a bi-functional optical crystal.Structural and theoretical analyses reveal the microscopic origin of excellent optical properties.This work would attract a lot of interest to the persistently neglected potential of tricyanomelaminates as linear optical and NLO crystals.展开更多
1.Text 2D van der Waals materials possess intriguing features[1],especially optically,such as high nonlinear optical responses[2],broadband spectral response[3],and accessible exciton effects[4].Unlike conventional 2D...1.Text 2D van der Waals materials possess intriguing features[1],especially optically,such as high nonlinear optical responses[2],broadband spectral response[3],and accessible exciton effects[4].Unlike conventional 2D materials with in-plane isotropy,such as graphene and M0S_(2),2D van der Waals materials with in-plane anisotropic possess in-plane low symmetry structure,inducing the in-plane anisotropic physical properties.Meanwhile,they can be easily moved to various substrates without lattice-matching problems.展开更多
High-entropy REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(RE=Y_(0.7)+Dy_(0.2)+Gd_(0.2)+Sm_(0.2)+Eu_(0.2))(HE-REBCO) superconducting films doped with multiple rare earth elements were successfully fabricated with thickness up to 800 nm by a...High-entropy REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(RE=Y_(0.7)+Dy_(0.2)+Gd_(0.2)+Sm_(0.2)+Eu_(0.2))(HE-REBCO) superconducting films doped with multiple rare earth elements were successfully fabricated with thickness up to 800 nm by a trifluoroacetate-metal organic deposition(TFA-MOD).The enhanced entropy change ΔS of the HEREBCO system promotes the c-axis growth of REBCO thin film in the competition with a/b-axis growth.The microstructure and element distribution were investigated by the transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that HE-REBCO films have a great amount of stacking defects,lattice distortions and various rare earth oxides.Furthermore,the microstrain of HE-REBCO films increases significantly compared to the undoped YBCO and(Y,Dy)BCO films.Finally,the superco nducting critical temperature(T_c^(onset)) of HE-REBCO films is about 93 K,and the in-field properties are significantly improved,especially at the temperature of about 77 K.The maximum pinning force density(F_(p,max)) of the HE-REBCO samples at 77 K is 1.7 times higher than that of the undoped YBCO films.展开更多
To the Editor:Esophageal cancer(EC)ranks ninth and fifth among the leading cause of global cancer-related morbidity and mortality,respectively.[1]Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is the predominant histologic s...To the Editor:Esophageal cancer(EC)ranks ninth and fifth among the leading cause of global cancer-related morbidity and mortality,respectively.[1]Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is the predominant histologic subtype of EC in China.Population screening effectively decreases the morbidity and mortality of ESCC,highlighting the necessity of early detection and early diagnosis.展开更多
Background:Family clustering of esophageal cancer(EC)has been found in high-risk areas of China.However,the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions(ECPL)have not been...Background:Family clustering of esophageal cancer(EC)has been found in high-risk areas of China.However,the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions(ECPL)have not been comprehensively reported in recent years.This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.Methods:This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019,based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer.The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy,and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions.Information on demographic characteristics,environmental factors,and cancer family history was collected.Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL.Results:Among 33,008 participants,6143(18.61%)reported positive family history of EC.The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas.After adjusting for risk factors,participants with a family history of positive cancer,gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.36-1.62),1.52-fold(95%CI:1.38-1.67),or 1.66-fold(95%CI:1.50-1.84)higher risks of ECPL,respectively.Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives(FDR)of positive EC history had 1.65-fold(95%CI:1.47-1.84)or 1.93-fold(95%CI:1.46-2.54)higher risks of ECPL.Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35,45,and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold(95%CI:1.30-12.65),2.11-fold(95%CI:1.37-3.25),and 1.91-fold(95%CI:1.44-2.54)higher risks of ECPL,respectively.Conclusions:Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL.This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset.Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation.Trial registration:ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academic of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2018-I2M-3-003 and No.2019-I2M-2-002)。
文摘Objective:To summarize the colorectal cancer(CRC)burden and trend in the world,and compare the difference of CRC burden between other countries and China.Methods:Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN2018 and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.Age-specific incidence trend was conducted by Joinpoint analysis and average annual percent changes were calculated.Results:About 1.85 million new cases and 0.88 million deaths were expected in 2018 worldwide,including 0.52 million(28.20%)new cases and 0.25 million(28.11%)deaths in China.Hungary had the highest age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in the world,while for China,the incidence and mortality rates were only half of that.CRC incidence and mortality were highly correlated with human development index(HDI).Unlike the rapid increase in Republic of Korea and the downward trend in Canada and Australia,the age-standardized incidence rates by world standard population in China and Norway were rising gradually.The age-specific incidence rate in the age group of 50-59 years in China was increasing rapidly,while in Republic of Korea and Canada,the fastest growing age group was 30-39 years.Conclusions:The variations of CRC burden reflect the difference of risk factors,as well as levels of HDI and screening(early detection activities).The burden of CRC in China is high,and the incidence of CRC continues to increase,which may lead to a sustained increase in the burden of CRC in China in the future.Screening should be expanded to control CRC,and focused on young people in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81974493)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2016-I2M-3-001)。
文摘Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is one of the dominant malignances worldwide, but currently there is less focus on the microbiota with ESCC and its precancerous lesions.Methods: Paired esophageal biopsy and swab specimens were obtained from 236 participants in Linzhou, China.Data from 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were processed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology(QIIME2) and R Studio to evaluate differences. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare diversity and characteristic genera by specimens and participant groups. Ordinal logistic regression model was used to build microbiol prediction model.Results: Microbial diversity was similar between biopsy and swab specimens, including operational taxonomic unit(OTU) numbers and Shannon index. There were variations and similarities of esophageal microbiota among different pathological characteristics of ESCC. Top 10 relative abundance genera in all groups include Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Alloprevotella, Rothia, Gemella and Porphyromonas. Genus Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Porphyromonas showed significantly difference in disease groups when compared to normal control, whereas Streptococcus showed an increasing tendency with the progression of ESCC and others showed a decreasing tendency. About models based on all combinations of characteristic genera, only taken Streptococcus and Neisseria into model, the prediction performance was the ideal one, of which the area under the curve(AUC) was 0.738.Conclusions: Esophageal biopsy and swab specimens could yield similar microbial characterization. The combination of Streptococcus and Neisseria has the potential to predict the progression of ESCC, which is needed to confirm by large-scale, prospective cohort studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122507,21833010,61975207 and 21921001)the Youth Innovation Promotion of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202069)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-SLH024)Fujian Institute of Innovation(FJCXY18010201)in Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘High-performance bi-functional materials are in urgent demand for the next-generation integrated optical devices.In this work,we successfully synthesized the first tricyanomelaminate with bi-functional optical responses,namely Cs_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•H_(2)O(I),from its analogue Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O by a facile ion exchange method.In contrast to Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O,I realizes an optimal arrangement of𝜋π-conjugated(C_(6)N_(9))3−anion groups in its crystal structure.As a result,the second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)response is greatly enhanced from nearly zero of Na_(3)C_(6)N_(9)•3H_(2)O to∼9.8×KH_(2)PO_(4)of I.Furthermore,I exhibits a giant linear optical anisotropic response(i.e.birefringence)of 0.52 at the wavelength of 550 nm.Both responses are almost the largest among the inorganic compounds ofπ-conjugated rings,which indicates that I has great potential as a bi-functional optical crystal.Structural and theoretical analyses reveal the microscopic origin of excellent optical properties.This work would attract a lot of interest to the persistently neglected potential of tricyanomelaminates as linear optical and NLO crystals.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122507,22193042,21833010,61975207,and 21921001)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J02012)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202069)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-SLH024)Fujian Institute of Innovation(FJCXY18010201)in Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘1.Text 2D van der Waals materials possess intriguing features[1],especially optically,such as high nonlinear optical responses[2],broadband spectral response[3],and accessible exciton effects[4].Unlike conventional 2D materials with in-plane isotropy,such as graphene and M0S_(2),2D van der Waals materials with in-plane anisotropic possess in-plane low symmetry structure,inducing the in-plane anisotropic physical properties.Meanwhile,they can be easily moved to various substrates without lattice-matching problems.
基金Project supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB25000000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172271)。
文摘High-entropy REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(RE=Y_(0.7)+Dy_(0.2)+Gd_(0.2)+Sm_(0.2)+Eu_(0.2))(HE-REBCO) superconducting films doped with multiple rare earth elements were successfully fabricated with thickness up to 800 nm by a trifluoroacetate-metal organic deposition(TFA-MOD).The enhanced entropy change ΔS of the HEREBCO system promotes the c-axis growth of REBCO thin film in the competition with a/b-axis growth.The microstructure and element distribution were investigated by the transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that HE-REBCO films have a great amount of stacking defects,lattice distortions and various rare earth oxides.Furthermore,the microstrain of HE-REBCO films increases significantly compared to the undoped YBCO and(Y,Dy)BCO films.Finally,the superco nducting critical temperature(T_c^(onset)) of HE-REBCO films is about 93 K,and the in-field properties are significantly improved,especially at the temperature of about 77 K.The maximum pinning force density(F_(p,max)) of the HE-REBCO samples at 77 K is 1.7 times higher than that of the undoped YBCO films.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974493)National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY101101)National Key Research and Development Program of Precision Medicine(No.2016YFC091404)
文摘To the Editor:Esophageal cancer(EC)ranks ninth and fifth among the leading cause of global cancer-related morbidity and mortality,respectively.[1]Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is the predominant histologic subtype of EC in China.Population screening effectively decreases the morbidity and mortality of ESCC,highlighting the necessity of early detection and early diagnosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903402,81974493)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0901404,2018YFC1311704)the Chinese Academic of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-2-004)。
文摘Background:Family clustering of esophageal cancer(EC)has been found in high-risk areas of China.However,the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions(ECPL)have not been comprehensively reported in recent years.This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.Methods:This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019,based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer.The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy,and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions.Information on demographic characteristics,environmental factors,and cancer family history was collected.Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL.Results:Among 33,008 participants,6143(18.61%)reported positive family history of EC.The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas.After adjusting for risk factors,participants with a family history of positive cancer,gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.36-1.62),1.52-fold(95%CI:1.38-1.67),or 1.66-fold(95%CI:1.50-1.84)higher risks of ECPL,respectively.Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives(FDR)of positive EC history had 1.65-fold(95%CI:1.47-1.84)or 1.93-fold(95%CI:1.46-2.54)higher risks of ECPL.Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35,45,and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold(95%CI:1.30-12.65),2.11-fold(95%CI:1.37-3.25),and 1.91-fold(95%CI:1.44-2.54)higher risks of ECPL,respectively.Conclusions:Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL.This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset.Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation.Trial registration:ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.
