Land Response to Atmosphere at Different Resolutions in the Common Land Model over East Asia

Towards a better understanding of hydrological interactions between the land surface and atmosphere, land surface mod- els are routinely used to simulate hydro-meteorological fluxes. However, there is a lack of observations available for model forcing, to estimate the hydro-meteorological fluxes in East Asia. In this study, Common Land Model （CLM） was used in offline-mode during the summer monsoon period of 2006 in East Asia, with different forcings from Asiaflux, Korea Land Data Assimilation System （KLDAS）, and Global Land Data Assimilation System （GLDAS）, at point and regional scales, separately. The CLM results were compared with observations from Asiaflux sites. The estimated net radiation showed good agreement, with r = 0.99 for the point scale and 0.85 for the regional scale. The estimated sensible and latent heat fluxes using Asiaflux and KLDAS data indicated reasonable agreement, with r = 0.70. The estimated soil moisture and soil temperature showed similar patterns to observations, although the estimated water fluxes using KLDAS showed larger discrepancies than those of Asiaflux because of scale mismatch. The spatial distribution of hydro-meteorological fluxes according to KLDAS for East Asia were compared to the CLM results with GLDAS, and the GLDAS provided online. The spatial distributions of CLM with KLDAS were analogous to CLM with GLDAS, and the standalone GLDAS data. The results indicate that KLDAS is a good potential source of high spatial resolution forcing data. Therefore, the KLDAS is a promising alternative product, capable of compensating for the lack of observations and low resolution grid data for East Asia.

Imperceptive and reusable dermal surface EMG for lower extremity neuro-prosthetic control and clinical assessment

Surface electromyography(sEMG)sensors play a critical role in diagnosing muscle conditions and enabling prosthetic device control,especially for lower extremity robotic legs.However,challenges arise when utilizing such sensors on residual limbs within a silicon liner worn by amputees,where dynamic pressure,narrow space,and perspiration can negatively affect sensor performance.Existing commercial sEMG sensors and newly developed sensors are unsuitable due to size and thickness,or susceptible to damage in this environment.In this paper,our sEMG sensors are tailored for amputees wearing sockets,prioritizing breathability,durability,and reliable recording performance.By employing porous PDMS and Silbione substrates,our design achieves exceptional permeability and adhesive properties.The serpentine electrode pattern and design are optimized to improve stretchability,durability,and effective contact area,resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)than conventional electrodes.Notably,our proposed sensors wirelessly enable to control of a robotic leg for amputees,demonstrating its practical feasibility and expecting to drive forward neuro-prosthetic control in the clinical research field near future.