The human-derived novel gut commensal Luoshenia tenuis regulates body weight and food intake in mice

Many studies have revealed that gut microbes modulate host metabolism.In this study,we characterized the therapeutic effects of a novel gut commensal Luoshenia tenuis against host metabolic disorders.First,by in silico analysis,we demonstrated that the L.tenuis was prevalent in the gut microbiomes of healthy humans but were depleted specifically in obesity cohorts.Further in vitro cultivation revealed that L.tenuis produced short chain fatty acids that were verified to modulate host metabolism and some other volatile metabolites to benefit hosts by anti-inflammation and anti-tumor.Second,gavage of the L.tenuis significantly decreased the body weight gain and food intake of high-fat diet-feeding C57BL/6J mice,which was in parallel with the changed expression level of genes related to satiety and feeding behavior.We then performed the gavage trial using diet induced obese mice,and it revealed that the administration of L.tenuis alleviated significantly the abnormal glucose and lipid metabolisms and reduced the inflammatory response.In summary,this study revealed a previously-unknown human gut commensal microbe that benefited host metabolism,and set the stage for the development of novel next-generation probiotic applicable for treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

北京龙形水系三种沉水植物根际及叶际微生物群落特征

水生植物及植物表面附着微生物在人工湿地水体净化过程中发挥着重要的作用。以北京奥林匹克公园龙形水系为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术,对其底泥、水体及3种沉水植物——苦草Vallisneria natans、狐尾藻Myriophyllum verticillatum、龙须眼子菜Potamogeton pectinatus——的根际及叶际微生物群落的结构及功能进行了研究。结果表明,微生物多样性从高到低分别为底泥样品、植物根际样品、植物叶际样品和水体样品,植物叶际微生物种类要显著高于水体中微生物种类。LEfSe分析结果显示不同生境富集不同的微生物类群,其中底泥主要富集厌氧微生物类群,水体及植物叶际主要富集好氧微生物类群,植物根际则两者兼具。功能预测结果显示植物叶际样品的反硝化标志基因丰度要高于根际样品及底泥和水体样品,且狐尾藻和龙须眼子菜叶际样品反硝化标志基因丰度要高于苦草叶际样品。本研究可以为人工湿地构建时对沉水植物及功能微生物的选择提供指导意义。

肠道微生物菌株资源库的构建与应用开发

肠道微生物组在组成和功能上都具有极高的复杂性,大量基于免培养的微生物组学研究表明肠道菌群失调与多种疾病都存在密切关联,肠道菌群的稳态与宿主健康密切相关已是共识。同时,越来越多的研究者认识到,可培养微生物菌株资源是肠道微生物组研究从关联分析向功能验证、机理解析和应用开发方向深入发展的基础和保障。本文主要对近年来完成的一些具有代表性的人肠道微生物大规模分离培养和菌株资源库构建工作,进行整理,总结回顾肠道微生物分离培养技术和方法的进展;并通过几个有代表性的基于可培养微生物菌株资源开展的肠道微生物数据挖掘、宿主–微生物互作机理研究和应用开发的成果,展示肠道微生物菌株资源库的应用价值和开发潜力。