Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1,GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes and lung cancer susceptibility in the Bangladeshi population

Objective:To verify possible associations between polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu(GSTM1),glutathione S-transferase θ(GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase Pi(GSTP1)genes and susceptibility to lung cancer.Methods:A total of 106 lung cancer patients and 116 controls were enrolled in a case-control study.The GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analyzed using PCR while GSTP1 was analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Risk of lung cancer was estimated as odds ratio at 95%confidence interval using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for age,sex,and tobacco use.Results:GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes did not show a significant risk for developing lung cancer.A significandy elevated lung cancer risk was associated with GSTP1 heterozygous,mutant and combined heterozygous+mutant variants of rs1695.When classified by tobacco consumption status,no association with risk of lung cancer was found in case of tobacco smokers and nonsmokers carrying null and present genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTTL There is a three-fold(approximately) increase in the risk of lung cancer in case of both heterozygous(AG) and heterozygous+mutant homozygous(AG+GG) genotypes whereas there is an eightfold increase in risk of lung cancer in cases of GG with respect to AA genotype in smokers.Conclusions:Carrying the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype is not a risk factor for lung cancer and GSTP1Ile105 Val is associated with elevated risk of lung cancer.

Cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activities of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott leaves

Objective:To investigation of cytotoxic,antimicrobial and analgesic activities of different fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott.Methods:Two partially purified aqueous methanolic fractions from ethyl acetate extract(AMF-1)and chloroform extract(AMF-2)obtained from the partitioning were used in study.The cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay.Antibacterial activity was investigated by disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods.Hot plate method and acetic acid test was used for determining analgesic activity.Results:The LC_(50)values of AMF-1 and AMF-2 were found to be 287.73 and 428.54μg/mL respectively,where colchicines showed LC_(50)of 11.16μg/mL.The zone of inhibition of the fractions AMF-1 and AMF-2 was found to be in the range of 8-26 mm in 2000μg/disc,as compared to reference antibiotics kanamycin(11-28 mm at 30μg/disc)and ciprofloxacin(20-25 mm at 30μg/disc)indicating the antibacterial activity.In hot plate test,the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 250 mg/kg for AMF-1 which was statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to both positive and negative control at 30 min interval.In acid induced model,both AMF-1 and AMF-2 at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant activity compared to positive and negative control.Conclusions:This study found that Rhaphidophora glauca possesses potential cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activity.Further study may be needed to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for different activities with subsequent mechanistic study.