A new rapid,specific and sensitive method for assay of recombinant CFP10-ESAT6 amalgamation proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was proposed.The method used streptavidincoated magnetic beads to enrich the specifi...A new rapid,specific and sensitive method for assay of recombinant CFP10-ESAT6 amalgamation proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was proposed.The method used streptavidincoated magnetic beads to enrich the specific biotinylated anti-CFP10 antibody,then adopted a sandwich-type enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technology with two kinds of monoclonal antibodies:biotinylated anti-CFP10 antibody and HRP-labeled anti-CFP10 antibody to identify the target CFP10-ESAT6 proteins,and finally detected chemiluminescence intensity by a small home-made optical sensor.It was shown that,the corresponding chemiluminescence intensity had a good logarithmic linear response to the concentration of CFP10-ESAT6 proteins when ranging at 1~1000 ng/mL,and the correlation coefficient is 0.9937.The proposed method could detect the CFP10-ESAT6 proteins with low detection limit(1 ng/mL)and the detection time could be controlled within 45 min.Compared with commonly used detection methods of M.tuberculosis,this method was easy to operate,faster,and of higher sensitivity.The achievement of the quantitative detection of CFP10-ESAT6 proteins has important scientific significance and wide application prospects in tuberculosis control.展开更多
Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,...Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,the use of terahertz waves to regulate the nervous system is a promising new method of neuromodulation.However,most of the research has focused on the use of terahertz technology for biodetection,while relatively little research has been carried out on the biological effects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system,and there are almost no review papers on this topic.In the present article,we begin by reviewing principles and objects of research regarding the biological effects of terahertz radiation and summarizing the current state of related research from a variety of aspects,including the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on neurons in vivo and in vitro,novel regulation and detection methods with terahertz radiation devices and neural microelectrode arrays,and theoretical simulations of neural information encoding and decoding.In addition,we discuss the main problems and their possible causes and give some recommendations on possible future breakthroughs.This paper will provide insight and assistance to researchers in the fields of neuroscience,terahertz technology and biomedicine.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is characterized by a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.The precise mechanisms are still unknown.Since the neuronal communications are inherently electrical and che...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is characterized by a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.The precise mechanisms are still unknown.Since the neuronal communications are inherently electrical and chemical in nature,dual-mode detection of PD-related neuroelectrical and neurochemical information is essential for PD research.Subthalamic nucleus(STN)highfrequency stimulation(HFS)can improve most symptoms of PD patients and decrease the dosage of antiparkinsonian drugs.The mechanism of STN-HFS for PD still remains elusive.In this study,a silicon-based dual-mode microelectrode array(MEA)probe was designed and fabricated,and systematic dual-mode detection methods were established.The recording sites were modified using Pt nanoparticles and Nafion to improve the signal-to-noise(SNR)ratio.To evaluate its applicability to PD research,in vivo electrophysiological and electrochemical detection was performed in normal and hemiparkinsonian models,respectively.Through comparison of the dual-mode signals,we demonstrated the following in a PD monkey:(1)the maximum dopamine concentration in the striatum decreased by 90%;(2)the spike firing frequency increased significantly,especially in the region of the cortex;(3)the spectrogram analysis showed that much power existed in the 0–10 Hz frequency band;and(4)following repeated subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation trials,the level of DA in the striatum increased by 16.5μM,which led to a better elucidation of the mechanism of HFS.The dual-mode MEA probe was demonstrated to be an effective tool for the study of neurological disorders.展开更多
Grid cells with stable hexagonal firing patterns in the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)carry the vital function of serving as a metric for the surrounding environment.Whether this mechanism processes only spatial inform...Grid cells with stable hexagonal firing patterns in the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)carry the vital function of serving as a metric for the surrounding environment.Whether this mechanism processes only spatial information or involves nonspatial information remains elusive.Here,we fabricated an MEC-shaped microelectrode array(MEA)to detect the variation in neural spikes and local field potentials of the MEC when rats forage in a square enclosure with a planar,three-dimensional object and social landmarks in sequence.The results showed that grid cells exhibited rate remapping under social conditions in which spike firing fields closer to the social landmark had a higher firing rate.Furthermore,global remapping showed that hexagonal firing patterns were rotated and scaled when the planar landmark was replaced with object and social landmarks.In addition,when grid cells were activated,the local field potentials were dominated by the theta band(5–8 Hz),and spike phase locking was observed at troughs of theta oscillations.Our results suggest the pattern separation mechanism of grid cells in which the spatial firing structure and firing rate respond to spatial and social information,respectively,which may provide new insights into how the brain creates a cognitive map.展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Major Scientific Research Program of China(No.2011CB933202)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2009AA03Z411)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61002037,61101048)Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXJJ-10-M31,KGCX2-YW-916).
文摘A new rapid,specific and sensitive method for assay of recombinant CFP10-ESAT6 amalgamation proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was proposed.The method used streptavidincoated magnetic beads to enrich the specific biotinylated anti-CFP10 antibody,then adopted a sandwich-type enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technology with two kinds of monoclonal antibodies:biotinylated anti-CFP10 antibody and HRP-labeled anti-CFP10 antibody to identify the target CFP10-ESAT6 proteins,and finally detected chemiluminescence intensity by a small home-made optical sensor.It was shown that,the corresponding chemiluminescence intensity had a good logarithmic linear response to the concentration of CFP10-ESAT6 proteins when ranging at 1~1000 ng/mL,and the correlation coefficient is 0.9937.The proposed method could detect the CFP10-ESAT6 proteins with low detection limit(1 ng/mL)and the detection time could be controlled within 45 min.Compared with commonly used detection methods of M.tuberculosis,this method was easy to operate,faster,and of higher sensitivity.The achievement of the quantitative detection of CFP10-ESAT6 proteins has important scientific significance and wide application prospects in tuberculosis control.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2224042,61988102,T2293731,62121003,61960206012,62171434,61975206 and 61973292)the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XK2022XXC003)+1 种基金STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0201600,the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2402501)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJSTD20210004).
文摘Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,the use of terahertz waves to regulate the nervous system is a promising new method of neuromodulation.However,most of the research has focused on the use of terahertz technology for biodetection,while relatively little research has been carried out on the biological effects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system,and there are almost no review papers on this topic.In the present article,we begin by reviewing principles and objects of research regarding the biological effects of terahertz radiation and summarizing the current state of related research from a variety of aspects,including the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on neurons in vivo and in vitro,novel regulation and detection methods with terahertz radiation devices and neural microelectrode arrays,and theoretical simulations of neural information encoding and decoding.In addition,we discuss the main problems and their possible causes and give some recommendations on possible future breakthroughs.This paper will provide insight and assistance to researchers in the fields of neuroscience,terahertz technology and biomedicine.
基金This work was sponsored by the NSFC(Grant Nos.61527815,31500800,61501426,61471342)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2017YFA0205900)+2 种基金the Beijing Science and Technology Plan(Grant Nos.Z141100000214002,Z1161100004916001)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2014CB744600)the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KJZD-EW-L11-2,QYZDJ-SSW-SYS015).
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is characterized by a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.The precise mechanisms are still unknown.Since the neuronal communications are inherently electrical and chemical in nature,dual-mode detection of PD-related neuroelectrical and neurochemical information is essential for PD research.Subthalamic nucleus(STN)highfrequency stimulation(HFS)can improve most symptoms of PD patients and decrease the dosage of antiparkinsonian drugs.The mechanism of STN-HFS for PD still remains elusive.In this study,a silicon-based dual-mode microelectrode array(MEA)probe was designed and fabricated,and systematic dual-mode detection methods were established.The recording sites were modified using Pt nanoparticles and Nafion to improve the signal-to-noise(SNR)ratio.To evaluate its applicability to PD research,in vivo electrophysiological and electrochemical detection was performed in normal and hemiparkinsonian models,respectively.Through comparison of the dual-mode signals,we demonstrated the following in a PD monkey:(1)the maximum dopamine concentration in the striatum decreased by 90%;(2)the spike firing frequency increased significantly,especially in the region of the cortex;(3)the spectrogram analysis showed that much power existed in the 0–10 Hz frequency band;and(4)following repeated subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation trials,the level of DA in the striatum increased by 16.5μM,which led to a better elucidation of the mechanism of HFS.The dual-mode MEA probe was demonstrated to be an effective tool for the study of neurological disorders.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2017YFA0205902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62121003,61960206012,61973292,61975206,61971400,and 62171434)+1 种基金the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.GJJSTD20210004)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(No.2021ZD0201603).
文摘Grid cells with stable hexagonal firing patterns in the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)carry the vital function of serving as a metric for the surrounding environment.Whether this mechanism processes only spatial information or involves nonspatial information remains elusive.Here,we fabricated an MEC-shaped microelectrode array(MEA)to detect the variation in neural spikes and local field potentials of the MEC when rats forage in a square enclosure with a planar,three-dimensional object and social landmarks in sequence.The results showed that grid cells exhibited rate remapping under social conditions in which spike firing fields closer to the social landmark had a higher firing rate.Furthermore,global remapping showed that hexagonal firing patterns were rotated and scaled when the planar landmark was replaced with object and social landmarks.In addition,when grid cells were activated,the local field potentials were dominated by the theta band(5–8 Hz),and spike phase locking was observed at troughs of theta oscillations.Our results suggest the pattern separation mechanism of grid cells in which the spatial firing structure and firing rate respond to spatial and social information,respectively,which may provide new insights into how the brain creates a cognitive map.