Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of ...Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of certain health conditions like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum depression. Brittle bones, osteoporosis in the elderly, and osteomalacia in young children are all symptoms of vitamin D insufficiency. Additionally, it contributes to problems linked to gum disease, including an increase in dental cavities, alveolar bone loss around the teeth, and other problems. It could lead to depression, tiredness, and a loss of appetite. In this study, urban children and adolescents in Dhaka city, Bangladesh are examined for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency. Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study conducted under Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka and additionally included two other health centers Medinova Medical Services and Monoara General Hospital Service Golap bag, Dhaka from October 2020 to November 2021. The study location was at the 3 (Three) different hospitals which was located in Dhaka City. In this cross-sectional study, Participants will be selected purposively and conveniently based on the age categories from 0 - 19 years of age at the outdoor department of the hospital. The study included the secondary dataset of ambulatory individuals who came to the 3 (three) hospitals, randomly to evaluate serum vitamin D levels on referral from a general out-patient-department (OPD). They were examined for laboratory findings of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels to determine vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency among children and adolescent groups of both male and female Sex. Results: A total of 6394 individuals with a diverse age group were statistically examined for laboratory findings of serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 40.58% of individuals with a mean log of 1.01 ± 0.18 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D insufficiency in 30.93% of individuals with a mean log of 1.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D sufficiency in 19.49% individuals with a mean log of 1.63 ± 0.12 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels. The highest percentage of individuals deficient in vitamin D were children and adolescents of age ranging between 15 to 19 years. Conclusion: The findings of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents direct higher authorities in the public health sector to take immediate steps to screen, intervene and educate high-risk populations incorporating vitamin D supplements to establish preventive and therapeutic measures.展开更多
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)are two bio-cementation techniques,which are relatively new methods of ground improvement.While both techniques share some...Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)are two bio-cementation techniques,which are relatively new methods of ground improvement.While both techniques share some similarities,they can exhibit different overall behaviours due to the differences in urease enzyme sources and treatment methods.This paper presented 40 unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests of MICP and EICP treated sand specimens with similar average calcium carbonate(CaCO3)content subjected to cycles of wetting-drying(WD),freezing-thawing(FT)and elevated temperature(fire resistance test e FR and thermogravimetric analysis e TG).The average CaCO3 content after a certain number of WD or FT cycles(ACn)and their corresponding UCS(qn)reduced while the mass loss increased.The EICP treated sand specimens appeared to exhibit a lower resistance to WD and FT cycles than MICP treated specimens possibly due to the presence of unbonded or loosely bonded CaCO3 within the soil matrix,which was subsequently removed during the wetting(during WD)or thawing(during FT)process.FR test and TG analysis showed a significant loss of mass and reduction in CaCO3 content with increased temperatures,possibly due to the thermal decomposition of CaCO3.A complete deterioration of the MICP and EICP treated sand specimens was observed for temperatures above 600C.The observed behaviours are complex and theoretical understanding is far behind to develop a constitutive model to predict qn.Therefore,a multi-objective evolutionary genetic algorithm(GA)that deals with pseudo-polynomial structures,known as evolutionary polynomial regression(EPR),was used to seek three choices from millions of polynomial models.The best EPR model produced an excellent prediction of qn with a minimum sum of squares error(SSE)of 2.392,mean squared error(MSE)of 0.075,root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.273 and a maximum coefficient of determination of 0.939.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer(BioF/compost)on antioxidants and minerals in ripe tomatoes and soil health improvements in terms of nutrient availability a...The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer(BioF/compost)on antioxidants and minerals in ripe tomatoes and soil health improvements in terms of nutrient availability and microbial populations.The study was comprised of six treatments:control(zero input);recommended doses of NPK(135.5,45.6 and 22.9 kg ha^-1,respectively);100%BioF/compost;75%BioF/compost+25%N;50%BioF/compost+50%N;and 25%BioF/compost+75%N.The recommended doses of P and K were used in the last three treatments.It was found that the application of 100%BioF/compost enhanced plant growth,leaf greenness,and produced 12.9%higher yield compared to the recommended doses of NPK and other treatments.Mineral contents(P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn)in tomato roots,shoots and fruits and antioxidant compounds,i.e.,ascorbic acid,β-carotine,and lycopene were increased significantly in fruits fertilized with100%BioF/compost.The high efficiency of Trichoderma compost might be the result of its potential of nutrient solubilization and harboring soil microorganisms.Collectively,BioF/compost increased soil fertility and favored growth of microbes in the rhizosphere which ultimately contributed to higher yield,antioxidant,and mineral concentrations in tomatoes.Thus,Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer may reduce application of chemical fertilizers and therefore,can be considered as a noble practice in sustainable agriculture.展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district o...A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh.The Khasia is an educated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh.The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141:100.The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composi-tion, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf.The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month(Tk.70=1 US Dollar).Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income.About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry.The mean annual income from one hectare of betel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk.80979.This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was calculated to be 4.47.Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area(the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation) was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sus-tainable agroforestry system.展开更多
Radiology education and training is of paramount clinical importance given the prominence of medical imaging utilization in effective clinical practice.The incorporation of basic radiology in the medical curriculum ha...Radiology education and training is of paramount clinical importance given the prominence of medical imaging utilization in effective clinical practice.The incorporation of basic radiology in the medical curriculum has continued to evolve,focusing on teaching image interpretation skills,the appropriate ordering of radiological investigations,judicious use of ionizing radiation,and providing exposure to interventional radiology.Advancements in radiology have been driven by the digital revolution,which has,in turn,had a positive impact on radiology education and training.Upon the advent of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,many training institutions and hospitals adhered to directives which advised rescheduling of non-urgent outpatient appointments.This inevitably impacted the workflow of the radiology department,which resulted in the reduction of clinical in-person case reviews and consultations,as well as in-person teaching sessions.Several medical schools and research centers completely suspended face-to-face academic activity.This led to challenges for medical teachers to complete the radiology syllabus while ensuring that teaching activities continued safely and effectively.As a result,online teaching platforms have virtually replaced didactic face-to-face lectures.Radiology educators also sought other strategies to incorporate interactive teaching sessions while adopting the e-learning approach,as they were cognizant of the limitations that this may have on students’clinical expertise.Migration to online methods to review live cases,journal clubs,simulation-based training,clinical interaction,and radiology examination protocolling are a few examples of successfully addressing the limitations in reduced clinical exposure.In this review paper,we discuss(1)The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology education,training,and practice;(2)Challenges and strategies involved in delivering online radiology education for undergraduates and postgraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic;and(3)Difference between the implementation of radiology education during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-COVID-19 era.展开更多
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a common congenital neoplasm, contains derivatives of more than one of the three embryonic germ cell layers. However, malignant Sacrococcygeal Yolk Sac tumor (YST) is an extremely rare...Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a common congenital neoplasm, contains derivatives of more than one of the three embryonic germ cell layers. However, malignant Sacrococcygeal Yolk Sac tumor (YST) is an extremely rare extra-gonadal germ cell tumor. This case describes a two and half years old female child presenting with history of swelling at sacrococcygeal region for nine months. Case was evaluated clinically. Patient’s serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated abnormally. FNAC of the swelling was done which shows suspicious cell for immature teratoma. Swelling excised and histopathological examination was carried out, the report of which shows malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma with yolk sac tumor.展开更多
A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and ...A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and seeds of Bangladeshi plants. These botanicals are mahogany seeds, (Swietenia mahagoni), chirata leaves (Swertia chirata), jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta) and carrot leaves (Daucus carota). One control treatment without botanicals was maintained during this experiment where only water was sprayed. Out of these botanicals, a less number of insect attacks on cucumber leaves (1.33 ± 0.19) were found in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata whereas a high number of insect attacks were observed in combined treatment of garlic and jute seed (5.89 ± 0.40) and control (4.66 ± 0.33). Individual application of chirata extract also showed good protection of cucumber leaves (1.67 ± 0.19) from insect attack. A smaller number of leaves perforations were found in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (3.44 ± 0.29) compared to control (14.22 ± 1.05). Chirata extract also showed good performance (4.00 ± 0.19) against leaves perforation of insect. Besides the pest control, botanical pesticides also have enormous effect on plant growth. The tallest cucumber plant was observed in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (469.00 ± 63.51 cm) and shortest in garlic treatment (84.56 ± 15.24 cm). The cucumber production was also high in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (1863.33 ± 196.32 g) compared to control (1260.00 ± 501.63 g). From this study, it is found that combined application of mahogany and chirata extract not only showed good protection of cucumber plant from insect attack but also increased the cucumber production. Therefore, we conclude that farmers should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata leaves instead of toxic chemical insecticides for controlling pest in cucumber field.展开更多
文摘Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in supporting the immune system, helping to reduce the risk of infections and certain autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of certain health conditions like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum depression. Brittle bones, osteoporosis in the elderly, and osteomalacia in young children are all symptoms of vitamin D insufficiency. Additionally, it contributes to problems linked to gum disease, including an increase in dental cavities, alveolar bone loss around the teeth, and other problems. It could lead to depression, tiredness, and a loss of appetite. In this study, urban children and adolescents in Dhaka city, Bangladesh are examined for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency. Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study conducted under Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka and additionally included two other health centers Medinova Medical Services and Monoara General Hospital Service Golap bag, Dhaka from October 2020 to November 2021. The study location was at the 3 (Three) different hospitals which was located in Dhaka City. In this cross-sectional study, Participants will be selected purposively and conveniently based on the age categories from 0 - 19 years of age at the outdoor department of the hospital. The study included the secondary dataset of ambulatory individuals who came to the 3 (three) hospitals, randomly to evaluate serum vitamin D levels on referral from a general out-patient-department (OPD). They were examined for laboratory findings of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels to determine vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency among children and adolescent groups of both male and female Sex. Results: A total of 6394 individuals with a diverse age group were statistically examined for laboratory findings of serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 40.58% of individuals with a mean log of 1.01 ± 0.18 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D insufficiency in 30.93% of individuals with a mean log of 1.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D sufficiency in 19.49% individuals with a mean log of 1.63 ± 0.12 ng/ml serum vitamin D levels. The highest percentage of individuals deficient in vitamin D were children and adolescents of age ranging between 15 to 19 years. Conclusion: The findings of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents direct higher authorities in the public health sector to take immediate steps to screen, intervene and educate high-risk populations incorporating vitamin D supplements to establish preventive and therapeutic measures.
文摘Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)are two bio-cementation techniques,which are relatively new methods of ground improvement.While both techniques share some similarities,they can exhibit different overall behaviours due to the differences in urease enzyme sources and treatment methods.This paper presented 40 unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests of MICP and EICP treated sand specimens with similar average calcium carbonate(CaCO3)content subjected to cycles of wetting-drying(WD),freezing-thawing(FT)and elevated temperature(fire resistance test e FR and thermogravimetric analysis e TG).The average CaCO3 content after a certain number of WD or FT cycles(ACn)and their corresponding UCS(qn)reduced while the mass loss increased.The EICP treated sand specimens appeared to exhibit a lower resistance to WD and FT cycles than MICP treated specimens possibly due to the presence of unbonded or loosely bonded CaCO3 within the soil matrix,which was subsequently removed during the wetting(during WD)or thawing(during FT)process.FR test and TG analysis showed a significant loss of mass and reduction in CaCO3 content with increased temperatures,possibly due to the thermal decomposition of CaCO3.A complete deterioration of the MICP and EICP treated sand specimens was observed for temperatures above 600C.The observed behaviours are complex and theoretical understanding is far behind to develop a constitutive model to predict qn.Therefore,a multi-objective evolutionary genetic algorithm(GA)that deals with pseudo-polynomial structures,known as evolutionary polynomial regression(EPR),was used to seek three choices from millions of polynomial models.The best EPR model produced an excellent prediction of qn with a minimum sum of squares error(SSE)of 2.392,mean squared error(MSE)of 0.075,root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.273 and a maximum coefficient of determination of 0.939.
基金supported by internal grants of BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh
文摘The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer(BioF/compost)on antioxidants and minerals in ripe tomatoes and soil health improvements in terms of nutrient availability and microbial populations.The study was comprised of six treatments:control(zero input);recommended doses of NPK(135.5,45.6 and 22.9 kg ha^-1,respectively);100%BioF/compost;75%BioF/compost+25%N;50%BioF/compost+50%N;and 25%BioF/compost+75%N.The recommended doses of P and K were used in the last three treatments.It was found that the application of 100%BioF/compost enhanced plant growth,leaf greenness,and produced 12.9%higher yield compared to the recommended doses of NPK and other treatments.Mineral contents(P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn)in tomato roots,shoots and fruits and antioxidant compounds,i.e.,ascorbic acid,β-carotine,and lycopene were increased significantly in fruits fertilized with100%BioF/compost.The high efficiency of Trichoderma compost might be the result of its potential of nutrient solubilization and harboring soil microorganisms.Collectively,BioF/compost increased soil fertility and favored growth of microbes in the rhizosphere which ultimately contributed to higher yield,antioxidant,and mineral concentrations in tomatoes.Thus,Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer may reduce application of chemical fertilizers and therefore,can be considered as a noble practice in sustainable agriculture.
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh.The Khasia is an educated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh.The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141:100.The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composi-tion, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf.The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month(Tk.70=1 US Dollar).Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income.About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry.The mean annual income from one hectare of betel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk.80979.This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was calculated to be 4.47.Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area(the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation) was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sus-tainable agroforestry system.
文摘Radiology education and training is of paramount clinical importance given the prominence of medical imaging utilization in effective clinical practice.The incorporation of basic radiology in the medical curriculum has continued to evolve,focusing on teaching image interpretation skills,the appropriate ordering of radiological investigations,judicious use of ionizing radiation,and providing exposure to interventional radiology.Advancements in radiology have been driven by the digital revolution,which has,in turn,had a positive impact on radiology education and training.Upon the advent of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,many training institutions and hospitals adhered to directives which advised rescheduling of non-urgent outpatient appointments.This inevitably impacted the workflow of the radiology department,which resulted in the reduction of clinical in-person case reviews and consultations,as well as in-person teaching sessions.Several medical schools and research centers completely suspended face-to-face academic activity.This led to challenges for medical teachers to complete the radiology syllabus while ensuring that teaching activities continued safely and effectively.As a result,online teaching platforms have virtually replaced didactic face-to-face lectures.Radiology educators also sought other strategies to incorporate interactive teaching sessions while adopting the e-learning approach,as they were cognizant of the limitations that this may have on students’clinical expertise.Migration to online methods to review live cases,journal clubs,simulation-based training,clinical interaction,and radiology examination protocolling are a few examples of successfully addressing the limitations in reduced clinical exposure.In this review paper,we discuss(1)The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology education,training,and practice;(2)Challenges and strategies involved in delivering online radiology education for undergraduates and postgraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic;and(3)Difference between the implementation of radiology education during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-COVID-19 era.
文摘Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a common congenital neoplasm, contains derivatives of more than one of the three embryonic germ cell layers. However, malignant Sacrococcygeal Yolk Sac tumor (YST) is an extremely rare extra-gonadal germ cell tumor. This case describes a two and half years old female child presenting with history of swelling at sacrococcygeal region for nine months. Case was evaluated clinically. Patient’s serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated abnormally. FNAC of the swelling was done which shows suspicious cell for immature teratoma. Swelling excised and histopathological examination was carried out, the report of which shows malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma with yolk sac tumor.
文摘A field experiment on eco-friendly pest control in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) field was conducted at Rajshahi University during April, 2011 to June, 2011 with eight botanical pesticides prepared from the leaves and seeds of Bangladeshi plants. These botanicals are mahogany seeds, (Swietenia mahagoni), chirata leaves (Swertia chirata), jute seeds (Corchorus olitorius L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta) and carrot leaves (Daucus carota). One control treatment without botanicals was maintained during this experiment where only water was sprayed. Out of these botanicals, a less number of insect attacks on cucumber leaves (1.33 ± 0.19) were found in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata whereas a high number of insect attacks were observed in combined treatment of garlic and jute seed (5.89 ± 0.40) and control (4.66 ± 0.33). Individual application of chirata extract also showed good protection of cucumber leaves (1.67 ± 0.19) from insect attack. A smaller number of leaves perforations were found in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (3.44 ± 0.29) compared to control (14.22 ± 1.05). Chirata extract also showed good performance (4.00 ± 0.19) against leaves perforation of insect. Besides the pest control, botanical pesticides also have enormous effect on plant growth. The tallest cucumber plant was observed in the combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (469.00 ± 63.51 cm) and shortest in garlic treatment (84.56 ± 15.24 cm). The cucumber production was also high in combined treatment of mahogany and chirata (1863.33 ± 196.32 g) compared to control (1260.00 ± 501.63 g). From this study, it is found that combined application of mahogany and chirata extract not only showed good protection of cucumber plant from insect attack but also increased the cucumber production. Therefore, we conclude that farmers should use botanical pesticides from mahogany seeds and chirata leaves instead of toxic chemical insecticides for controlling pest in cucumber field.