A prilled urea applicator was designed and developed to increase fertilizer use efficiency. The developed applicator’s aims to place Urea continuously at the subsurface of soil between two rows of plants. A line-to-l...A prilled urea applicator was designed and developed to increase fertilizer use efficiency. The developed applicator’s aims to place Urea continuously at the subsurface of soil between two rows of plants. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, depth of prilled urea placement of 5 - 7 cm, and field operating condition at 1 - 1.5 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. At the laboratory and farm level, test the developed applicator. The applicator consists of a rectangular frame, two skids and furrow opener, two cylindrical hoppers, and a drive wheel connected with a metering device. The designed applicator was fabricated using PVC, except the push handled (mild steel). The metering device consists of twelve spikes and is made of a metallic plate to apply the Urea uniformly. The applicator has a furrow opener and closer options. The effective field capacity was 0.13 ha/h with a speed of 1.22 km/h and field efficiency of 98%. Due to the continuous falling mechanism, there is no missing option but found the over-falling urea for both hoppers was found 5.35%. The average depth of urea placement was 6.38 cm. The machine was user-friendly to push, and the mean pushing force was 63.89 N. The weight of the applicator was 9 kg. So, it is natural to carry from one field to another field. The applicator is also convenient to handle, operate and manage.展开更多
In this investigation micron-sized monodisperse magnetic composite polymer particles with amino and amide functional groups were prepared considering their applications in biotechnology. First, polystyrene/poly (acryl...In this investigation micron-sized monodisperse magnetic composite polymer particles with amino and amide functional groups were prepared considering their applications in biotechnology. First, polystyrene/poly (acrylic acid-acrylam- ide-N-N-methylene-bis-acrylamide) [PS/P(AA-AAm-MBAAm)] composite polymer particles were prepared by seeded copolymerization. The carboxyl groups present on or near the particles surface were modified by amine-nucleophile, ethylene diamine (EDA), through pre-activation with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide as coupling agent. The aminated particles were then magnetically modified and named as aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles. Formation of such magnetic composite particles was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs, FTIR-spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The produced composite particles were paramagnetic. To see the relative hydrophilic character of the particles surface the adsorption behavior of trypsin (TR) as biomolecule was studied on PS particles and aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles. The magnitude of adsorbed TR on PS particles was higher than that on aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles.展开更多
文摘A prilled urea applicator was designed and developed to increase fertilizer use efficiency. The developed applicator’s aims to place Urea continuously at the subsurface of soil between two rows of plants. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, depth of prilled urea placement of 5 - 7 cm, and field operating condition at 1 - 1.5 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. At the laboratory and farm level, test the developed applicator. The applicator consists of a rectangular frame, two skids and furrow opener, two cylindrical hoppers, and a drive wheel connected with a metering device. The designed applicator was fabricated using PVC, except the push handled (mild steel). The metering device consists of twelve spikes and is made of a metallic plate to apply the Urea uniformly. The applicator has a furrow opener and closer options. The effective field capacity was 0.13 ha/h with a speed of 1.22 km/h and field efficiency of 98%. Due to the continuous falling mechanism, there is no missing option but found the over-falling urea for both hoppers was found 5.35%. The average depth of urea placement was 6.38 cm. The machine was user-friendly to push, and the mean pushing force was 63.89 N. The weight of the applicator was 9 kg. So, it is natural to carry from one field to another field. The applicator is also convenient to handle, operate and manage.
文摘In this investigation micron-sized monodisperse magnetic composite polymer particles with amino and amide functional groups were prepared considering their applications in biotechnology. First, polystyrene/poly (acrylic acid-acrylam- ide-N-N-methylene-bis-acrylamide) [PS/P(AA-AAm-MBAAm)] composite polymer particles were prepared by seeded copolymerization. The carboxyl groups present on or near the particles surface were modified by amine-nucleophile, ethylene diamine (EDA), through pre-activation with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide as coupling agent. The aminated particles were then magnetically modified and named as aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles. Formation of such magnetic composite particles was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs, FTIR-spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The produced composite particles were paramagnetic. To see the relative hydrophilic character of the particles surface the adsorption behavior of trypsin (TR) as biomolecule was studied on PS particles and aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles. The magnitude of adsorbed TR on PS particles was higher than that on aminated-Fe3O4 composite particles.
