Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90%...Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. This review aims to provide an outline of CTS by considering anat-omy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic modalities and management of this common condition, with an emphasis on the diagnostic imaging evaluation.展开更多
Pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)has mostly been studied with regard to the oncogenic role of BCR/ABL fusion,however,recent disclosures have declared that the challenges with the treatment of CML patients ...Pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)has mostly been studied with regard to the oncogenic role of BCR/ABL fusion,however,recent disclosures have declared that the challenges with the treatment of CML patients would not be resolved until the role of other aberrancies is ignored.Given the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)in the pathogenesis of CML,the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-CDK inhibitor AT7519 on BCR/ABL-harboring CML-derived K562 cells.Our results showed that AT7519 effectively reduced the survival of K562 and induced its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of G2/M arrest due to elevated p21 and p27.The resulting data also revealed that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc using specific c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 and selective PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 resulted in a superior cytotoxicity,suggesting that the activation of PI3K pathway could attenuate antileukemic effects of the inhibitor,at least partly,through a c-Mycdependent mechanism.To the best of our knowledge,to date,no study has addressed the effect of autophagy on CML cell response to AT7519,and,herein,we proposed for the first time that the suppression of autophagy boosted AT7519 cytotoxicity against K562.Overall,we suggested that selective CDK inhibitor AT7519 exerted antileukemic effect against CML cells and propose a novel therapeutic application for the inhibitor either as a single agent or in combination with c-Myc and/or PI3K inhibitors.展开更多
Soil particle size distribution(PSD) is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. Characterizing spatial variability of soil texture is very important in environmental research. The objectives o...Soil particle size distribution(PSD) is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. Characterizing spatial variability of soil texture is very important in environmental research. The objectives of this work were: 1) to partition PSD of 75 soil samples, collected from a flat field in the University of Guilan, Iran, into two scaling domains using a piecewise fractal model to evaluate the relationships between fractal dimensions of scaling domains and soil clay, silt, and sand fractions and 2) to assess the potential of fractal parameters as an index used in a geostatistical approach reflecting the spatial variability of soil texture. Features of PSD of soil samples were studied using fractal geometry, and geostatistical techniques were used to characterize the spatial variability of fractal and soil textural parameters. There were two scaling domains for the PSD of soil samples. The fractal dimensions of these two scaling domains(D_1 and D_2) were then used to characterize different ranges of soil particle sizes and their relationships to the soil textural parameters. There was a positive correlation between D_1 and clay content(R^2= 0.924), a negative correlation between D_1 and silt content(R^2= 0.801), and a negative correlation between D_2 and sand content(R^2= 0.913). The geometric mean diameter of soil particles had a negative correlation with D_1(R^2= 0.569) and D_2(R^2= 0.682). Semivariograms of fractal dimensions and soil textural parameters were calculated and the maps of spatial variation of D_1 and D_2 and soil PSD parameters were provided using ordinary kriging. The results showed that there were also spatial correlations between D_1 and D_2 and particle size fractions.According to the semivariogram models and validation parameters, the fractal parameters had powerful spatial structure and could better describe the spatial variability of soil texture.展开更多
文摘Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. This review aims to provide an outline of CTS by considering anat-omy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic modalities and management of this common condition, with an emphasis on the diagnostic imaging evaluation.
基金the grant number:15425 from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(Tehran,Iran)(http://en.sbmu.ac.ir/)achieved byD.B.Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.
文摘Pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)has mostly been studied with regard to the oncogenic role of BCR/ABL fusion,however,recent disclosures have declared that the challenges with the treatment of CML patients would not be resolved until the role of other aberrancies is ignored.Given the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)in the pathogenesis of CML,the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-CDK inhibitor AT7519 on BCR/ABL-harboring CML-derived K562 cells.Our results showed that AT7519 effectively reduced the survival of K562 and induced its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of G2/M arrest due to elevated p21 and p27.The resulting data also revealed that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc using specific c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 and selective PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 resulted in a superior cytotoxicity,suggesting that the activation of PI3K pathway could attenuate antileukemic effects of the inhibitor,at least partly,through a c-Mycdependent mechanism.To the best of our knowledge,to date,no study has addressed the effect of autophagy on CML cell response to AT7519,and,herein,we proposed for the first time that the suppression of autophagy boosted AT7519 cytotoxicity against K562.Overall,we suggested that selective CDK inhibitor AT7519 exerted antileukemic effect against CML cells and propose a novel therapeutic application for the inhibitor either as a single agent or in combination with c-Myc and/or PI3K inhibitors.
文摘Soil particle size distribution(PSD) is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. Characterizing spatial variability of soil texture is very important in environmental research. The objectives of this work were: 1) to partition PSD of 75 soil samples, collected from a flat field in the University of Guilan, Iran, into two scaling domains using a piecewise fractal model to evaluate the relationships between fractal dimensions of scaling domains and soil clay, silt, and sand fractions and 2) to assess the potential of fractal parameters as an index used in a geostatistical approach reflecting the spatial variability of soil texture. Features of PSD of soil samples were studied using fractal geometry, and geostatistical techniques were used to characterize the spatial variability of fractal and soil textural parameters. There were two scaling domains for the PSD of soil samples. The fractal dimensions of these two scaling domains(D_1 and D_2) were then used to characterize different ranges of soil particle sizes and their relationships to the soil textural parameters. There was a positive correlation between D_1 and clay content(R^2= 0.924), a negative correlation between D_1 and silt content(R^2= 0.801), and a negative correlation between D_2 and sand content(R^2= 0.913). The geometric mean diameter of soil particles had a negative correlation with D_1(R^2= 0.569) and D_2(R^2= 0.682). Semivariograms of fractal dimensions and soil textural parameters were calculated and the maps of spatial variation of D_1 and D_2 and soil PSD parameters were provided using ordinary kriging. The results showed that there were also spatial correlations between D_1 and D_2 and particle size fractions.According to the semivariogram models and validation parameters, the fractal parameters had powerful spatial structure and could better describe the spatial variability of soil texture.
